Nanotechnology

Prepared by : Tay Ho Gim

Amin Kamil
What is Nanotechnology?
Nano
10-9 / 0.000000001

Technology
Gadgets for scientific investigation

Nanotechnology
Nano-sized gadgets that are used for scientific investigations
Origins of Nanotechnology
Richard Feynman
Proposed a process of controlling atoms and molecules

Norio Taniguchi
Created the word Nanotechnology

K. Eric Drexler
Building Nano-sized machinery
How can we observe
nanotechnology?
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ( STM )
Atomic Force Microscope ( AFM )
 Nano technological Mechanism
Mechanochemistry

Computerized Newly formed

mechanical bonds and
Twist to break bonds and
manipulator manual
cleave it to form new bonds.
with tool tip insertion of
atoms
EXAMPLE
Different
alignments of
carbon atoms at
the correct
positions
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
HIGHLIGHTS
CONSUMER GOODS
MILITARY
AEROSPACE
CONSTRUCTION
CONSUMER GOODS
SURFACES AND COATINGS
- self-cleaning or "easy-to-clean" surfaces on ceramics or
glasses
- improved the smoothness and heat resistance of common
household equipment such as the flat iron.
CONSUMER GOODS
TEXTILES
- the use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes
water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
- textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less
frequently and at lower temperatures.
- integrating tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee
full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the
wearer.
CONSUMER GOODS
COSMETICS
- The traditional chemical UV protection approach suffers
from its poor long-term stability. A sunscreen based on
mineral nanoparticles such as titanium oxide have a
comparable UV protection property
- 2 has a high refractive index, strong UV light absorbing
capabilities and resistance to discolouration under ultraviolet
light.
CONSUMER GOODS
SPORTS
- Baseball bats are made with carbon nanotubes that reinforce
the resin, which is said to improve its performance by
making it lighter.
- Lighter athletic shoes (nanocomposite cushions)
MILITARY
- create sensor systems that could detect biological agents.
- nanoparticles can be injected into the material on soldiers
uniforms to make the material more durable and protect
soldiers from many different dangers such as high
temperatures, impacts and chemicals.
AEROSPACE
ADVANCES IN
- Nanostructured metals (enhanced tensile strength, fatigue
strength, and ductility)
- Polymer nanocomposites (lightweight, corrosion resistance)
- Tribological (wear resistance, friction reduction) and anti-
corrosion coatings
CONSTRUCTION
STEEL
- steel strengthening by using carbon nanotubes.
- lead to increased safety, less need for regular inspection, and
more efficient materials free from fatigue issues for
construction.
CONSTRUCTION
CEMENT
- leads to a densifying of the micro and nanostructure
resulting in improved mechanical properties (nano-silica)
- durability improvement
CONSTRUCTION
GLASS
- Titanium dioxide (2 ) nanoparticles are used to coat
glazing since it has sterilizing and anti-fouling properties.
- 2 catalyze powerful reactions that break down organic
pollutants, volatile organic compounds and bacterial
membranes.
- 2 attracts rain drops that then wash off the dirt particles.
 DRAWBACKS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
EFFECT ON HUMAN BODY
- Nanoparticles are absorbed by the skin: causing irritation &
indicated to be carcinogenic (potential to cause cancer)
- Causing irritation and lung cancer by breathing in
EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
- Some nanoparticles (such as copper or silver) have been
shown to be harmful to aquatic life.
- Particles could be absorbed quickly into plants and soil or
transported large distances in the air or suspended in water.
- Nanoparticles are more toxic
EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
- Some nanoparticles (such as copper or silver) have been
shown to be harmful to aquatic life.
- Particles could be absorbed quickly into plants and soil or
transported large distances in the air or suspended in water.
- Nanoparticles are more toxic
furthermore
- Nanomaterials are costly to produce
- Nanosilver particles kill bacteria. Also kill non-bacterial cells
& good bacteria if inhaled or ingested
- Tiny nanoparticles spread throughout crop plant and affect
growth and soil fertility
the ultra small brings
enormous changes to our lives

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