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-> broad statement of the law of conservation of energy

-> sum of all the energy of the molecules of a body/system

HEAT (Q)
Ui WORK (W)
Uf

U Q W
2

-> energy-transforming processes occurring within the

human body
ACTIVITY RATE (kcal/h)
Sleeping 60 How much work is done in 24h by a
-> chemically stored energy which can be converted Sitting Upright 100 65-kg person who spends 8h sleeping,
to heat in order for the body to do work 1h at moderate physical labor, 4h in
Light Activity light activity and 11h working at a
(eating, dressing, 200 desk or relaxing? Assuming his
household chores) internal energy doesnt change, what

U Q W
Moderate work is the minimum heat that he must
400 absorb in order to do these work?
(tennis, walking)
Running 1000
Bicycling 1100

3 4

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-> statement about which processes occur in nature and which do not -> any device that converts heat into work
by absorbing heat from a hot region and
-> natural thermodynamic processes are irreversible
releasing some of the heat to a cold
Low region
temperature

H
W QH QC work done BY a
heat engine

E
A W efficiency of a
T e heat engine

High
QH
temperature

5 6

A heat engine exhausts 8200 J of heat while performing 3200 J of useful work. What is
the efficiency of this engine?

A heat engine does 9200 J of work per cycle while absorbing 22 kcal of heat from a high
temperature region. What is the efficiency of this engine?

7 8

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-> any device that pumps heat from a cold

region to a hot region by doing work
(Ex. refrigerator, air conditioner)

W QH QC work done ON a
heat pump

TC coefficient of
K performance of
a heat pump
TH TC

9 10

The low temperature of a freezer cooling coil is -15oC, and the discharge temperature is
30oC. What is the theoretical coefficient of performance?

An ideal refrigerator operates with a coefficient of performance of 7.0 in a 24oC room.

What is the temperature inside the refrigerator?

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-> degree of disorder of a system

13