PIPE, FITTING AND VALVE

BIMBINGAN PROFESI SARJANA (BPS) PERTAMINA

MahmudAhmad
#708542
EngineeringCenter
PT.PertaminaDit.Pengolahan

Jakarta
2008
 TERMINOLOGI

Piping atau Piping System

adalah sebuah sistem dari perpipaan yang mengangkut
fluida dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lain

Piping System
Diantaranya:
Process Plant Gas Distribution
Power Plant /Steam Building Services
Water Systems Refrigeration Systems
Fire Protection Dll.

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 Process Plant

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Pipeline Long distance transportation of
fluid
Onshore/Cross Country Pipeline
Offshore/Submarine/Subsea Pipeline

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Plant Design

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Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Represents unit operations and the blocks are connected by lines representing the process flow
streams.

Process flow streams may be mixtures of liquids, gases and solids flowing in pipes or ducts, or solids
being carried on a conveyor belt

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Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Shows the relationships between the major components in the system.

PFD also tabulate process design values for the components in different operating modes, typical
minimum, normal and maximum.

A PFD does not show minor components, piping systems, piping ratings and designations.

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Process & Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)
is a schematic illustration of functional relationship of piping, instrumentation and system equipment
components

P&ID shows all of piping including the physical sequence of branches, reducers, valves, equipment,
instrumentation and control interlocks

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Piping terdiri dari:

Pipe Line pipe

Line Equipment
Fittings, Flanges, Valve, Pipe Supports, etc.

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Pipe
Is hollow structure, usually cylindrical, for conducting
materials.
It is used primarily to convey liquids, gases, or solids
suspended in a liquid, e.g., a slurry.
(The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)

Menurut ASME B31.1

Pipe - Conform to ANSI B36.10, and ANSI B36.19

Tube - Ditetapkan berdasarkan diameter luar (OD) &

tebal dinding (WT).

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 Menurut ASME B31.3
Materials designated tube or tubing in the specifications
are treated as pipe when intended for pressure service.

Menurut ASME B31.4

Pipe is a tube, usually cylindrical, used for conveying a
fluid or transmitting fluid pressure, normally designated
pipe in the applicable specification.

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Pipe VS Tube

Pipe:
NPS Schedule Thickness OD ID
40 0.154" 2.067
2 2.375
80 0.218" 1.939

Tube:
BWG Thickness OD ID
11 0.120" 1.760
2 2
12 0.109" 1.782

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 Code & Standard

o ANSI (American National Standard Institute)

o ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineering)
o ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
o API (American Petroleum Institute)
o MSS (Manufacturers Standardization Society of the
Valve and Fittings Industry)
o Etc.

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ANSI/ASME:
o B31.1 - Power Piping
o B31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping
o B31.3 - Process Piping
o B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid
Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
o B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer
Components
o B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping
Systems
o B31.9 - Building Services Piping
o B31.11 - Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

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API :
o RP 14E - Design and Installation of Offshore
Production Platform Piping Systems
o RP 1111- Design, Construction and Maintenance of
Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines.

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Lingkup Aplikasi Piping Codes

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 Pipa

Material Pipa
Logam (Metalic)
Iron and Steel pipe (Ferrous)
 Cast iron
 Carbon steel
 Alloy steel
 Stainless steel

Nonferrous
 Nickel and High Alloys
 Copper and Copper Alloy
 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy

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 Bukan Logam (non Metalic)
Thermo Plastic
 Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)
 Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene,
 Acrylonitrile butadiene system (ABS), etc.
GRP Glass-Reinforced Plastic
Etc.

Linings & Coatings

Carbon steel pipe lined with glass
Carbon steel pipe that is lined with various
plastics
Carbon steel pipe lined with concrete
Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene
Carbon-steel pipe zinc-coated by immersion into
molten zinc (hot-dip galvanized)

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Jenis-Jenis Pipa
Berdasarkan metoda pembuatannya
Pipa tanpa sambungan (Seamless pipe)
Pipa sambungan las (Welded pipe)
 Electric Resistance Welded Pipe
 Electric Flash Welded Pipe
 Electric Induction Welded Pipe
 Electric Fusion Welded Pipe
 Furnace Butt Welded Pipe
Bell welded
Continuous Welded
 Furnace Lap Welded Pipe
 Submerged Arc Welded Pipe

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Metoda Pembuatan Pipa

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Faktor Effisiensi (quality) Sambungan Las
Faktor ini digunakan untuk mengitung tebal pipa

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Standar Spesifikasi Material Pipa
Umumnya disusun oleh
 ASTM
 ASME
 API
ASTM specifications, mensyaratkan
Chemical composition,
Mechanical properties,
Finish, and Testing requirements

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 ASME specification
Identik atau lebih ketat dari ASTM specification
Penomoran ASTM ditambah awalan S
ASTM spec. A106 - SA106 ASME spec.
ASME specifications digunakan pada sistem
yang menggunakan ASME stamp.
API
API Spec. 5L - Specification for Line Pipe
Daftar spesifikasi material pipa berdasarkan
ASTM dan API, lihat Tabel L-1

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 Allowable Stress Pipa
ASME B31.1
S = value Table A-1 (Appendix A)

ASME B31.3
S = value Table A-1 & A-2 (Appendix A)

ASME B31.4
S = 0.72 x E x min. yield strength of the pipe,
Table 402.3.1(a)

ASME B31.8
S = min. yield strength of the pipe,
Table D1 (Appendix D)

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 Standar Dimensi Pipa
Ukuran & Panjang
Ukuran pipa dinyatakan dalam,
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) atau
Iron Pipe Size (IPS)
Pabrikan umumnya memproduksi ukuran
1/8 - 44 nominal diameter ('nominal pipe size').
Ukuran pipa normal yang distock
1/2, 3/4, 1, 11/4, 11/2, 2, 21/2, 3, 31/2, 4, 5,
6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 dan 24.

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 NPS "Nominal Pipe Size" inches
NPS <= 12, OD > NPS
NPS >= 14, OD = NPS
DN "diametre nominel" metric
NPS >= 4, DN = NPS x 25

Panjang pipa, dinyatakan dalam

'Random' : 17 to 25 ft
'Double Random' : 38 to 48 ft

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 Tebal Pipa (Wall Thicknesses)
Tradisional sistem, menggunakan class weight
o 'STD' (standard)
o 'XS' (extra-strong)
o 'XXS' (double-extra-strong)

ANSI mempublikasi Schedule Number

(ANSI B36.10 dan B36.19)
10,20,30,40,60,80,120,140,160 dan
5S, 10S, ,40S,80S
Original, Schedule = 1000 x P/S
dengan,
P tekanan pipa (Psig)
S tegangan boleh material pipa (Psi)

API dengan Specification 5L

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 Hubungan class weight dan schedule
NPS <= 10 Std. = Schedule 40
< 10 XS = Schedule 80
NPS > 10 Std. = 0.375
>= 10 XS = 0.500
<= NPS <= 6 XXS = 2 XS

End Preparation
Three end preps are standard, there is
Plain End (PE).
Threaded End (TE).
Bevel End (BE).

Dimensi pipa berdasarkan ANSI B36.10 dan

B36.19, lihat Tabel L-3 dan L-4

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Menyambung Pipa
Butt welded
For most process, utility and
service, NPS > 2-inch
Advantages:
Most practicable way of joining larger pipes
and fittings which offers reliable, leak proof
joints
Disadvantages:
Intruding weld metal may affect flow

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 Threaded
For lines conveying services, and for
smaller process piping
Advantages:
Easiest and quickest method
Minimizes fire hazard when installing piping in
areas where flammable gases or liquids are
present
Disadvantages:
Use not permitted by ANSI B31.3, if severe
erosion, crevice corrosion, shock, or vibration
is anticipated, nor at temperatures over 9250F.
Possible leakage of joint
Strength of the pipe is reduced, as forming the
screw thread reduces the wall thickness

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 Socket-Welded
For lines conveying flammable, toxic,
where no leakage can be permitted.
For steam: 300 to 600 PSI, and
sometimes 150 PSI steam.
Advantages:
Easier alignment on small lines than
butt welding. Tack welding is un
necessary. No weld metal can enter bore
Joint will not leak, when properly made
Disadvantages:
The 1/16-inch recess in joint pockets liquid
Use not permitted by ANSI B31.1 if severe
erosion or crevice corrosion is anticipated

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 Bolted-Flange
Flanges are expensive and for the
most part are used to mate with
flanged vessels, equipment, valves,
and for process lines which may
require periodic cleaning.
Flanged joints are made by bolting together two
flanges with a gasket between them to provide
a seal.

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 Bolted-Quick Coupling
For either permanent or
temporary use.
These connectors are not
fire safe and if used in
combustible material service
Bell and Spigot
Sewage and some un-pressurized drain systems
may use cast iron pipe with bell and spigot
connections

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