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Clnica Mdica no
Exerccio e no Esporte
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and relationship between eating beha-
vior disorders and body image distortion in rhythmic gymnastics athletes who participate in a competitive
sports context. Methods: 48 rhythmic gymnastics athletes from the junior and senior categories and 48
elementary and high school students (control group) participated in the study. For the identification of eating
behavior disorder the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was used and to determine body image dissatisfaction
the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). For statistic analysis the Kruskall-Wallis test (p<0.05) and Spearman
Correlation were used. Results: there were not statistical differences between the gymnastics group and the
students group for eating behavior disorder; a significant correlation was noticed between eating behavior
disorder and body image distortion for the athletes from younger junior (10-12 years old) and older junior
(12-14 years old) sport categories. Descriptive analysis revealed that 27.2% (4 gymnastics/10-12 years old);
20.0% (4 gymnasts/13-14 years old) presented suggestive behavior of eating disorder. Two gymnasts aged
10-12 years old (10.0%), five gymnasts aged 13-14 years old (15.0%) and five 15 years old gymnasts (100%)
presented body image distortion. Conclusion: The evidence points that the adolescents behavioral and
cognitive perception related to the environments esthetic demands in which they are inserted seem to
be a main factor to be taken in consideration as for the presence of behavior that suggests eating disorder
and body image distortion.
Resultados
A tabela 4 apresenta os resultados referentes ao percentual da
As principais caractersticas do perfil antropomtrico identificadas presena de transtorno de conduta alimentar e distoro da imagem
foram peso e altura. Para verificar a conduta alimentar, foram utiliza- corporal de atletas de GR e as estudantes no atletas.
dos os resultados do EAT (transtorno de conduta alimentar) e BSQ
(distoro de imagem corporal). A tabela 2 apresenta os resultados
dessas variveis. Tabela 4. Percentual da presena de transtorno na conduta alimentar e distoro da
imagem corporal de atletas de GR e estudantes no atletas.
Transtorno de
Tabela 2. Comparao das mdias de peso, altura, transtorno na conduta alimentar Idade
conduta alimentar Distoro da imagem corporal (BSQ)
(EAT) e distoro de imagem corporal (BSQ) de atletas de ginstica rtmica - PR e (anos)
(EAT-26)
estudantes no atletas (controle).
Ausncia Presena Ausncia Leve Moderada Grave
Atleta No atleta
Idade Varivel p-valor 10-12
M dp M dp
Atletas 81,8% 18,2% 91,0% - 4,5% 4,5%
Peso (kg) 31,9 5,02 42,7 13,1 0,042*
No atletas 76,2% 23,8% 59,5% 18,0% 18,0% 4,5%
Altura (cm) 143,0 0,06 149,0 0,08 0,684
10-12 anos 13-14
EAT-26 11,9 12,1 12,1 11,5 0,345
Atletas 81,9% 19,1% 57,1% 14,3% 9,5% 19,1%
BSQ 61,1 28,0 75,4 34,0 0,080
No atletas 81,9% 19,1% 47,7% 23,8% 23,8% 4,7%
Peso (kg) 40,6 4,81 49,0 7,22 0,001**
Acima de 15
Altura (cm) 155,0 0,09 160,0 0,13 0,145
13-14 anos Atletas 100,0% - - 100,0% - -
EAT-26 11,7 9,87 14,7 10,5 0,245
No atletas 100,0% - - 20,0% 60,0% 20,0%
BSQ 89,6 39,0 81,6 18,1 0,689
Peso (kg) 50,6 3,42 61,0 6,03 0,002**
Altura (cm) 162,0 0,05 164,0 0,65 0,062
Nota-se que nos resultados englobando todas as adolescentes (96)
Acima de 15 anos tanto para as atletas de GR quanto s estudantes no atletas, 85,3%
EAT-26 13,4 3,53 17,0 6,76 0,986 no apresentaram transtorno de conduta alimentar e em 66,2% das
BSQ 95,2 13,7 125,2 15,5 0,069 adolescentes foi identificada ausncia de distoro de autoimagem. No
Nota - EAT-26: Teste de Atitudes Alimentares entanto, o grupo de atletas e estudantes no atletas acima de 15 anos
BSQ: Body Shape Questionnaire
* p < 0,05 e **p < 0,01
foi o que apresentou maior ndice de distoro da imagem corporal
(100%), classificada em graus leve, moderado e grave.
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