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MATERIAL
SCIENCE
SYARIFAH NOOR BINTI DERAMAN
CHAPTER 4
SOLID SOLUTION AND EQUILIBRIUM PHASE DIAGRAM
2
Syllabus
4.1 Explain the principles of solidification
4.1.1 Explain the process of metals solidification:
a. Formation of stable nuclei in liquid metals
b. Growth of dendrite in liquid metals
c. Formation of a grain structure
4.1.2 Define term and formation of solid solution
4.1.3 Explain types of solid solution
a. Substitutional solid solution
b. Interstitial solid solution
4.2 Describe equilibrium phase diagram of Binary Isomorphous
alloy system
4.3 Interpret equilibrium phase diagram for iron-carbon up to
6.7%
4.3.1 Identify ferrite, austenite, cementite and pearlite
4.3.2 Identify iron, steel and cast iron in the iron-carbon
equilibrium phase diagram
Solidification Of Metal & Alloys
The solidification of metals and alloys is an important
industrial process since most metals are melted and then cast
into semifinished of finished shape.
When molten alloys are cast, solidification starts at the wallls
of the mold
Solidification Of Metal & Alloys
Almost all engineering crystalline materials are composed of many
crystals.
Two steps of solidification:
1. Nucleation: Formation of stable nuclei in the melt
2. Growth: Crystals grow until they meet each other
Liquid
Nuclei
Crystals that
will form Grains
grains
Grain
boundaries
Solidification Of Metal & Alloys
Stages of Solidification
Nucleation: occurs when a
small piece of solid forms in
the liquid and must attain a
minimum critical size before
it is stable
Growth: occurs as atoms from
the liquid are attached to the
tiny solid until no liquid
remains
Both conditions are met when
the free energy of the
particular phase is lower
Solidification Of Metal & Alloys