MANUSCRIPT

THE DIFFERENCE IN THE FINE MOTOR PRESCHOOLERS AFTER WEAVING

THERAPY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN NURUL
IHSAN 2017

Feny Kusumadewi1, Mohamad Dedi Romansyah1, Riksa Wibawa Resna1

Program of Nursing, Banten School Health of Science
(E-mail: mdediromansyah@gmail.com, Telp: 085888598000

ABSTRACT
Background: childhood is a very important period for underlying understanding of
knowledge, attitudes, and personalities or more generally underlying the growth and
development as a whole seen from the development of fine motor and movements that use
the smooth muscles or certain parts of the body that are affected by learning opportunities
and falling children, one of which uses stimulation of weaving therapy to be able to improve
fine motor in children. The purpose of this study to determine whether there are differences
before and after the therapy weaving to fine motorcycles of preschool children 4-6 years in
early childhood education Nurul Ihsan year 2017. Methods: This research design is pre
exsperimental design, with one group pre post design approach with purposive sampling
method get 24 respondent sample, data collection before and after done by using DDST II (
Denver Developmental Screening Test II ). Statistical test using Marginal Homogeneity test.
Results: Showing that there was a significant difference of fine motor before and after
therapeutic therapy with value (p value 0,000). Conclusion: That weaving therapy may affect
smooth motor development in preschool children 4-6 years in early childhood education
Nurul Ihsan 2017.
Key words: Fine motor, Preschool children 4-6 years old, weaving therapy.
preliminary
According to the World Health
Organization (WHO) reported that 5-25%
of preschool children suffer minor brain
dysfunction, including mild motor
development disruption. Meanwhile,
according to the United Nations
International Children's Emergency Fund
(UNICEF), data on the high rate of
incidence of growth and development
disorders in children under five years,
especially motor development disorder
(27.5%) or 3 million children are affected.
National data according to the Ministry of
Health of Indonesia that in 2010, 11.5% of
children under five in Indonesia
experienced growth and developmental
disorders (Kemenkes, 2010). Based on the
results of Bavarian Pre-school Morbidity
Survey (BPMS), in pre-school age
children from 1997-2009 there was a
significant increase in motor delays
significantly from 4.07% to 22.05%
between 1997-2009 (Caniato, 2011).
Childhood is a very important period for
underpinning an understanding of
knowledge, attitudes, and personalities or
more generally underpinning overall
growth and development. In childhood the
absorption of information will take place
very quickly and precisely in response to
information, so that in this period will do a
lot of imitation of language, emotional,
and behavior that involves the child's body
movements, which is known as the golden
age ( Aishah, 2008).
Kindergarten (TK) is one form of early
childhood education unit in the formal
education channel that organizes
educational programs for children aged 4
(four) years to 6 (six) years (PPRI No 17,
2010) At this age the child enters pre-
operational stage, transductive thinking
phase, have the ability to learn to read,
write, and count and curiosity so high that
child development must be optimized for
school entry (Mustakim & Wiyanto,
2012).
Abnormal child development caused by
environmental factors, caregiver,
nutritional status, health status,
stimulation, and culture (Hidayat A,
2008). Various kinds of play therapy to
improve fine motor development are
playing cutting and sticking, matching
pictures, coloring pictures, playing
puzzles, playing candles, playing origami
and weaving.
The weaving is composing the function
and feed. The function is a vertical piece
of weave and feed as a lateral sloping
(horizontal) weading piece that will
infiltrate the lungs (Abbas, 2005).
Weaving is a skill activity that aims to
produce various objects / articles of use
and art done by way of overlapping parts
of wicker material in turn (Sumanto,
2006)
Kindergarten targeted this research is
PAUD Nurul Ihsan. This study aims to
determine the difference of fine motor in
preschool age children after doing
weaving therapy
Research Process
This research was conducted on July 31 -
August 12, 2017 in children early
childhood in kindergarten Nurul Ihsan.
This study used pre experimental research
design with one group pre-post test design
approach using purposive sampling
technique with 24 respondents.
Researchers conducted a pretest by
observation using Denver developmental
screening test / denver II on the
development of fine motor of children.
Then given therapeutic intervention
therapy for 6 meetings every day (except
Friday, Saturday and Sunday). After the
 intervention was completed in six Based on Table 5.1 the frequency
meetings, the researchers conducted distribution of respondents by age in Paud
posttest observation again using a Denver Nurul Ihsan Year 2017 shows that the age
II measuring instrument. of 4 years 2 months as much as 12.5%, 4
years 4 months 4 months 8.3%, age 4
years 8 months 8.3% 5 years 3 months
Research Results and Discussion 16.7%, age 5 years 5 months as much as
16.7%, age 5 years 7 months 4.2%, age 5
Based on the results of research conducted years 8 months 8.3%, 5 years 9 months
to obtain the frequency distribution of 12.5%, age 5 years 10 months as much as
respondent characteristics by age, by sex 8.3%, and age 5 years 11 months as much
and based on the work of the mother as 4.2%.
shown in table 5.1 is as follows
In preschool the child begins to have the
Table 5.1 ability to shake the thumb, draw two or
three sections, choose longer lines and
Characteristics Frequency Precentage draw people, be able to narrow objects,
of (%)
Respondents (n) wave, use his hands to play and make
scribbles on paper (Wong, 2008). At the
Age 4 Year 2 month 3 12,5
4 Year 4 2 8,3 age of 3-6 years the child is able to
month 2 8,3 develop creativity and socialization, so it
4 Year 8 4 16,7 is necessary game that can develop the
month 4 16,7 ability to equate and distinguish, the
5 Year 3 1 4,2
month 2 8,3
ability to speak, develop intelligence,
5 Year 5 3 12,5 cultivate sportsmanship, develop coarse
month 2 8,3 and fine motor coordination, introduce the
5 Year 7 1 4,2 understanding of the nature of science and
month introduce atmosphere of competition and
5 Year 8
month gotong royong (Hidayat, 2008).
5 Year 9
month Based on this, the characteristics of
5 Year 10 respondents by age type indicates that
month there are categories of age 4 to age 6
5 Year 11 years. In the research that has been done
month
shows that the number of respondents
Total 24 100.0
most are aged 5 years 3 months and 5
Gender Man 15 62,5 years 5 months. Awareness of
Woman 9 37,5 developmental problems if carried out as
early as possible interventions will also be
Total 24 100.0 done as early as possible, leading to
Mothers job Working 10 41,7 reduced incidence of delays in mining.
Not Woriking 14 58,3 With early screening, the presence of
delayed aberrations can be detected early
on so that intervention can be done early
too. Age of children can affect the
children's mining, meaning the younger
Total 24 100.0
the child's age the possibility of greater
developmental delays.
Based on table 5.1 the frequency
distribution of respondents by sex in 4-6
years old preschool children in Paud
Nurul Ihsan 2017 showed that male
gender (62.5%) and female gender
(37.5%).
Previous research done by (Nuraeni,
2014) on "Improvement of fine motor
skills through paper weaving activities in
children group B TK KKLKMD Sedyo
rukun bambanglipuro bantul" is known the
largest number of male respondents
(58.33%) and the number respondents
with female gender is (41,67%).
Sex factors can not be ignored in the early
development of motor physics of children.
When considered closely, girls prefer to
engage in activities that involve fine
motor skills while boys tend to engage in
activities involving rough motor skills
and, of course, can affect their physical
motor development (Wiyani, 2014).
In research that has been done shows that
the most sexes are found in male gender,
as many as 15 people. Boys spend more
time playing games that use their rough
physical or motor activities like playing
ball, shooting and more. While girls play
fewer games that use their physical
activities, girls do more games that use
fine motor skills such as playing cooking,
playing candles, playing dolls and more.
Based on Table 5.1 shows the frequency
distribution of 24 respondents based on
maternal employment in Paud Nurul Ihsan
In 2017 was 58.3% of children with
unemployed mothers, the number allows
mothers who do not work more have spare
time on their children so it can provide
stimulus-stimulus in children and the fine
motor development of their child is
expected to reach the stage in accordance
with the development of his age.
The work of parents who take a lot of
time, so less interaction with children
allows the development of children
experiencing barriers, children just play
with themselves, without anyone giving
supervision, attention and example of
positive behavior (Ardita, Kadir, & Askar,
2012). Interaction between children and
parents is very beneficial to the whole
process of child development because if
there are abnormalities in the process of
growing children so parents can quickly
recognize it and provide action according
to the needs of children (Rini and Indi,
2012)
Based on this, the characteristics of
respondents based on the work of the
mother indicate there are categories of
working mothers and mothers do not
work. In a study conducted that the
percentage of mothers who did not work
as high as 14 people, the background of
mother's work is often also associated
with problems of child development. The
importance of early education and lack of
knowledge in providing positive stimuli in
child development can be one cause of the
occurrence of interference or obstacles in
its development.
Based on the results of research conducted
obtained the results of fine motor
development before being given the
weaving therapy shown in table 5.2 is as
follows.
Table 5.2
Motor Frequency Precentage
Deveelopment (n) (%)
Advance 0 0
Normal 2 8,3
Suspek 22 91,7
Untestable 0 0
Total 0 100.0
Based on Table 5.2 the description of the
frequency distribution of respondents
based on fine motor development before
being given intervention in Paud Nurul
Ihsan Year 2017 showed that children
who have smooth motor development
suspek as much (91,7%) and children who
have normal fine motor development as Smooth Frequency Precentage
much (8,3 %). Motor (n) (%)
Development
Research conducted by (Dewi, Suara, & Advance 6 25,0
Zulaikha 2014) on "Method of giving Normal 14 58,3
concrete media-assisted tasks of paper
Suspek 4 16,7
weaving activities to increase the fine Untestable 0 0
motor skills of children" in the first cycle
Total 24 100.0
of 39.36% in the low category, and on the
Based on Table 5.3 the description of the
second cycle there was an increase in the
frequency distribution of respondents
percentage of fine motor abilities of
based on fine motor development before
children by 35.11% to 74.47% with
being given intervention in Paud Nurul
moderately high / moderate category.
Ihsan Year 2017 shows that children with
Based on the result of the research, it is
smooth motor development suspect as
concluded that the method of giving
much as (16.7%) and children who have
concrete media-assisted task through
normal smooth motor development as
paper weaving activity can improve the
much (58.3 %) while those with advanced
fine motor ability of the child.
fine motor development as much as
Various games performed by early (25,0%).
childhood to optimize the fine motor
The development of fine motor skills can
development are games that use certain
be preceded by the simplest of exercises,
objects and materials to form something,
one of which can be through a hand-
for example forming toy candles, drawing
functioning game by coordinating the
chicken eyes, painting with fingers and
movement of smooth muscles and eyes.
palms, tracing drawings and coloring,
Efforts to determine the smooth motor
cutting and cutting, paper folding and
development of preschoolers can use
more. The various games are called
weaving therapy. The weaving can train
constructive games. In addition to
the fine motor of the child, requiring the
optimizing fine motor skills in children,
movement of the finger muscles, the
this constructive game can also stimulate
wrists that require eye and hand
the initiative, creativity and imagination of
coordination, the accuracy of the palm and
children (Wiyani, 2014).
the fingers as well as the help of eye and
From the research process undertaken it hand coordination (Putri, Adilatri, &
was detected that almost all children were Adriana, 2014)
entered into the category of suspect, then
Art weave in the art of craft, which is one
the necessary action that is directly like
part of art (Aminah, 2007). The weaving
giving stimulation. Stimulation that can
activity is a skill activity that aims to
improve fine motor is play origami,
produce various objects / wear goods and
puzzle, clay plastisin, finger painting,
art objects by interconnecting or
weaving and others.
overlapping the parts of the webbing
Based on the results of research conducted bands in turns together (Nasir, 2013).
obtained the results of fine motor
Based on this, the effect of this weaving
development after being given the
therapy is due to the interest of the child at
weaving therapy shown in table 5.3 is as
the time the activity is given, so that in the
follows.
process of activities, especially the fine
Table 5.3 motor of the child increases and the child
can produce new work through experience
 and stimulus given. Through eye and hand advanced fine motor development (more)
coordination, flexibility of hand as much as 1 person. Similarly, those with
movement, strength and speed of smooth motor development are suspected
movement of the fingers so that the fine as many as 22 people and after therapy
motor ability of the child increases for the there is an increase of 5 children
better. experienced advanced fine motor
development (more), 13 children
In studies that have been done before the experienced normal smooth motor
given therapy, respondents have a smooth development and 4 children still have fine
motor development suspect and normal. motor development the suspect. Result of
Respondents with suspect observation can statistic test by using Marginal
not perform developmental tasks Homogeneity test obtained Sig value. (2-
appropriate to their age. While Tiled) = 0,000 < (0.05). The results of
respondents with normal observations can the study of fine motor differences in
perform developmental tasks according to preschool-aged children after weaving
the age of the child. therapy showed that there was a
Results of research conducted by significant difference in the smooth motor
researchers tehadap 24 respondents in development of preschool aged children
Paud Nurul Ihsan on 31 July - 12 August aged 4-6 years in Paud Nurul Ihsan Year
2017 using non parametric analysis that is 2017.
Marginal Homogeneity Test. The test This is supported by the research
results can be seen in table 5.4 as follows. conducted (Pertamawati, & Khotimah,
2014) on "Improving the fine motor skills
of children by using the method of giving
P
Sesudah Intervensi
Value
tasks through weaving activities in
Adva Norm Suspect Untestabl Total children group B" with a sample of 20
S
nce al e respondents. Results of data analysis a =
Adavan 0 0 0 0
e ce
0.05 obtained p-value value 0.007 where
b Normal 1 1 0 0 2 0.007 <0.05, this means there is influence
el
u
Suspect 5 13 4 0 22 weave on the fine motor development of
Untesta 0 0 0 0
m
ble
children.
in
te 0,000 The development of fine motor is a
r
v movement that uses the smooth muscles
e or certain parts of the body that are
n affected by learning and training
si
opportunities. For example, the ability to
move objects from the hand, doodling,
T 6 14 4 0 24
ot arranging blocks, cutting, writing and so
al on (Fikriyati, 2013). These fine motor
Table 5.4 nerves can be trained and developed
through a variety of continuous activities
and stimuli. Every child's fine motor
Based on the above table 5.4, it can be intelligence is not the same, both in terms
seen that before doing the weaving of strength and accuracy. This difference
therapy, the child has normal smooth is also influenced by the nature and
motor development as much as 2 people stimulation it gains. Each child is capable
and after therapy there is improvement of of achieving an optimum stage of smooth
motor development, provided that
stimulation is appropriate (Maya, 2012).
At the age of 3-6 years the child is able to
develop the creativity and sausage, so it is
necessary game that can develop the
ability to equate and distinguish, the
ability to speak, develop intelligence
cultivate sportsmanship, develop motor
coordination, develop in controlling
emotions, motor rough and smooth,
introduce understanding which is science,
and introduce the atmosphere of
competition and mutual cooperation.
Tools used in this game for example,
objects around the house, picture books,
children's magazines, drawing tools,
scissors and water (Hidayat, 2008).
Weaving for early childhood is not done
with a complex technique, but with basic
stages weaving techniques are very simple
to early childhood. The taught weaving
can hone the fine motor skills of the child
by using hands and fingers as well as with
eye coordination. In addition to the fine
motor skills developed, weaving can also
be used as a tool to train logic, and train
concentration on early childhood
(Aminah, 2007).
The weaving therapy applied to preschool
children aged 4-6 years in Paud Nurul
Ihsan showed that the weaving
intervention was proven to improve the
smooth development of fine motor. This is
shown from the improvement of the fine
motor development of children after being
given intervention. Ability of fine motor
development owned by previous
respondents is suspect and normal.
Respondents with subtle motor
development who suspect after being
given intervention weave increased to
normal and respondents with normal fine
motor development increased to advance.
The success of the fine motor skills of the
child is due to the respondents looking
pleased with the type of therapy given.
Most children before being given
therapeutic therapy at the age of 5 years
can not draw people 6 body parts, make a
box shape and so forth. At the age of 4
years have not been able to draw people 3
parts of the body. After being given
therapy there are differences in the ability
of smooth motor development of children
shown 5-year-old child was able to draw
people 6 body parts, make boxes and so
forth. As for the drawing of 6 body parts
that is imitating the existing image
provided by the researcher.
The success of the ability of fine motor
development achieved by children in
because children who are active and pay
attention when weaving. As for children
who remain in the category of suspect in
because children who are less focused on
weaving, boys are more interested in
rough motor activities such as throwing
balls, jumping and others. Maternal work
can also affect, working mothers have
little spare time with their children then
the stimulation that parents give to their
children is less.
Conclusion
Based on the results of research conducted
to 24 respondents in Paud Nurul Ihsan
Year 2017 from the results of data
analysis showed that thicken therapy plays
a role in improving the smooth motor
development of preschool children 4-6
years old. Improved smooth motor
development can be seen from the
improvement of posttest posttest category.
This is evidenced by the data according to
the frequency distribution of fine motor
development which can be summarized as
follows.
1. Known the frequency distribution
of respondents in the age of 5
years is the most that is 70.8%.
Some respondents of male sex is
as much as 62.5%. On the
characteristics of respondents
based on the work of the mother
 showed more than half of
respondents with mothers who do
not work that is as much as
58.3%.
2. Fine motor development of
preschool children 4-6 years
before being given weaving
therapy on 24 respondents are
children who have smooth motor
development suspect as much as
91.7% and children who have
normal fine motor development as
much as 8.3%.
3. Fine motor development of
preschool children 4-6 years after
being given weaving therapy on
24 respondents are children who
have smooth motor development
suspect as much as 16.7%.
Children who have normal
smooth motor development as
much as 58.3%. And children who
have advanced fine motor
development as much as 25%.
4. There is a significant difference
between the fine motor
differences in preschool-aged
children after weaving therapy at
Paud Nurul Ihsan 2017 at Sig
value processors. (2-Tiled) =
0,000 < (0,05) so that weaving
therapy can be one of alternative
in giving nursing care to optimize
child development.
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