V.

DRILLING & COMPLETION

5.1 Drilling
Beta field development will have 5 workover development wells and 1 infill drilling, which is
expected to deliver its first production at end of Q1, 2017. Those 5 workover well were drilled
at Beta field and West Berau field. To maintain oil production another infill well will be drilled
in Beta field.
The development well will be drilled vertically to reach the intended reservoirs to produce the
interest target formation/zones. Similar with the appraisal wells, all development wells will be
drilled using KCL-Polymer as drilling fluid. The KCL-Polymer will used from 12-1/4 and 8-
1/2 hole section to final TD. The KCL-Polymer has been field proven during appraisal
drilling to mitigate the risk of reactive shale formation and to ensure hole stability while
maintaining thin mud cakes. Therefore the reservoir skin damage and the risk for pipe stuck
can be minimized.

Well trajectories have been designed to minimize drilling hazard, optimizing drilling
performance and easy well production process. The well surface location will be located at
the best selected surface area to minimize shallow hazard risk. Loss circulation hazard is not
anticipated in the area based on previous 3 exploratory wells

5.2 Drilling Program

1. Move to drill site location

2. Drill and Log 17-1/2 directional hole to 30m MD
3. Run and cement 13-3/8 casing
4. Install unitized 13-5/8 x 9-5/8 wellhead
5. Drill and Log 12-1/4 hole with to 300 m MD
6. Run and cement 9-5/8 casing
7. Drill and Log 8-1/2 hole with to 700 m MD
8. Run and cement 7 liner
9. Run 2-7/8
10. R/D and Move

5.3 Depth vs Day

 Activity Days Days cum Depth
Moving 1 1,0 0
R/U 3 4,0 0
Drilling 0,6 4,6 30
RIH Casing and Cementing
1 5,6 30
Drilling 2 7,6 300
RIH Casing and Cementing
1 8,6 300
Drilling 2 10,6 700
Logging 1 11,6 700
Drilling 2 13,6 700
Logging 1 14,6 700
RIH Casing and Cementing
1 15,6 700
Well Test 1 16,6 700
Completion 2 18,6 700
R/D 3 21,6 700

Total Days 21,6

Fig. 5.1 Drilling Depth Versus Day

5.4 Drilling Fluid

Similar to the appraisal wells, all development wells will be drilled using KCL-POLYMER as drilling
fluid. The KCL-POLYMER will used from 12-1/4 and 8-1/2 hole section to final TD. The KCL-
POLYMER has been field proven during appraisal drilling to mitigate the risk of reactive shale
formation and to ensure hole stability while maintaining thin mud cakes. Therefore the reservoir skin
damage and the risk for pipe stuck can be minimized.

Table 5. 1 Typical Drilling Mud

Hole Size Type MW Viscosity YP
17-1/2 Salt Water 8.7 9.0 14 - 16 24-40
12-1/4 Non-destructive 9.0 10.5 11 - 13 24-32
8-1/2 Non-destructive 10.5 11.5 8 - 10 16-30

5.5 Drilling Cement

To avoid formation damage and formation fracture due to hydrostatic pressure of cement
column, a comprehensive study will be conducted during FEED
Table 5.2 Typical Cementing Slurry
Size (in.) Spacer Lead Tail
13-3/8 10.5ppg 12 ppg 15.8 ppg
9-5/8 10.5ppg 12 ppg 15.8 ppg
7 10.5 -12.0 ppg 14.5 ppg 14.5 ppg

To avoid formation damage and formation fracture due to hydrostatic pressure of cement column, a
comprehensive study will be conducted during FEED.

5.6 Casing Design

5.6.1 Casing 13-3/8

Table 5.3 Load Analysis for 13-3/8 Casing

Load Internal Pressure External Pressure Temperature Profile

Running in Hole 9.5 ppg inside casing. 9.5 ppg in casing annulus. Undisturbed Geothermal
9.5 ppg run-in mud above TOC;
0 psi on top of 9.5 ppg inside
Green Cement Test 16.4 ppg tail cement down to Undisturbed Geothermal
casing.
casing shoe..
Overpull 9.5 ppg inside casing. 9.5 ppg inside casing. Undisturbed Geothermal
3,517 psi surface pressure on Formation Pore Pressure
70% MIYP Pressure Test Undisturbed Geothermal
top of 9.5 ppg inside casing. throughout, in Casing Annulus

0 psi trapped pressure at

hanger;
9.5 ppg fluid density above TOC;
100% Casing Evacuation Zero psi throughout 345 psi trapped pressure at Undisturbed Geothermal
TOC;
9.5 ppg fluid density below TOC;
Pore Pressure in Open Hole.

0 psi trapped pressure at

4,271 psi at influx depth of
8,600 ft minus 0.07 psi/ft
100% Displacement to Gas
gradient (100% gas fraction)
to surface.
hanger;
8.3 ppg fluid density above TOC;
345 psi trapped pressure at Undisturbed Geothermal
TOC;
8.3 ppg fluid density below TOC;
Pore Pressure in Open Hole.

Figure 5. 2 VME Ellipse for 13-3/8 Casing with SF 1.25

5.6.2 Casing 9-5/8

Table 5.4 Load Analysis 9-5/8 Casing

 Load Internal Pressure
Running in Hole 10 ppg inside casing.
0 psi on top of 10 ppg inside
Green Cement Test
casing.
Overpull 10 ppg inside casing.
5,549 psi surface pressure on
70% MIYP Pressure Test
top of 10 ppg inside casing.
100% Casing Evacuation Zero psi throughout
5,673 psi at influx depth of
10,500 ft minus 0.08 psi/ft
100% Displacement to Gas
gradient (100% gas fraction)
to surface.
4,680 psi wellhead pressure
Tubing Leak on top of 10.9 ppg packer
fluid.
Figure 5.3 VME Ellipse for 9-5/8 Casing with SF 1.25
5.6.3 Casing 13-3/8
Table 5.5 Load Analysis 7 Casing
External Pressure Temperature Profile
10 ppg in casing annulus. Undisturbed Geothermal
10 ppg run-in mud above TOC;
15.8 ppg tail cement down to Undisturbed Geothermal
casing shoe..
10 ppg inside casing. Undisturbed Geothermal
0 psi depleted pressure at
hanger;
10 ppg fluid density above TOC;
2,078 psi trapped pressure at Undisturbed Geothermal
TOC;
8.3 ppg fluid density below TOC;
Pore Pressure in Open Hole.
0 psi trapped pressure at
hanger;
10 ppg fluid density above TOC;
2,078 psi trapped pressure at Undisturbed Geothermal
TOC;
10 ppg fluid density below TOC;
Pore Pressure in Open Hole.
0 psi trapped pressure at
hanger;
8.3 ppg fluid density above TOC;
2,078 psi trapped pressure at Undisturbed Geothermal
TOC;
8.3 ppg fluid density below TOC;
Pore Pressure in Open Hole.
0 psi trapped pressure at
hanger;
8.3 ppg fluid density above TOC;
2,078 psi trapped pressure at Undisturbed Geothermal
TOC;
8.3 ppg fluid density below TOC;
Pore Pressure in Open Hole.
 Load Internal Pressure External Pressure Temperature Profile
Running in Hole 11 ppg inside casing. 11 ppg in casing annulus. Undisturbed Geothermal
11 ppg run-in mud above TOC;
0 psi on top of 11 ppg inside
Green Cement Test 15.8 ppg tail cement down to Undisturbed Geothermal
casing.
casing shoe..
Overpull 11 ppg inside casing. 11 ppg inside casing. Undisturbed Geothermal
5,712 psi surface pressure on Formation Pore Pressure
70% MIYP Pressure Test Undisturbed Geothermal
top of 11 ppg inside casing. throughout, in Casing Annulus

4800 psi (at surface) 4,800 psi surface pressure on Formation Pore Pressure
Undisturbed Geothermal
Pressure Test top of 11 ppg inside casing. throughout, in Casing Annulus
4,743 psi trapped pressure at
hanger;
100% Evacuation Zero psi Undisturbed Geothermal
11 ppg fluid density below TOC;
Pore Pressure in Open Hole.

Figure 5.4 VME Ellipse for 7 Liner

5.7 Drilling and Work over Cost

Table 4.1 below shown typical duration and cost estimate for Beta development
drilling and workover. The well that has total depth of around 2000 ft reaching IAB
reservoir series.
 Tabel 5.6 Drilling and Completion Cost/well

Well Cost, USD

Duration/well
Activity Tangible Intangible Total
Days

WO 10 150,000 50,000 200,000

WS 5 100 100,000

Drilling 24 220,000 1,270,000 1,490,000

5.8 CompletionStrategy
5.8.1 Perforation Strategy
The parameters on perforating selection below are used to select perforating gun system:
1. Gun Size, Shot density and phasing
2. Explosive/charge type
3. Perforation length

5.8.1.1 Gun Size

The Through Tubing Perforating has been selected. Based on availability, two gun size could
be opted, which is 1-11/16 OD (0.22 entrance hole and 20.33 penetration) 6 SPF, 60o
phasing or 2-1/8 OD (0.26 entrance hole and 29.29 penetration), 6 SPF, 60o phasing that
will go through Tubing 2-7/8 (with ID 2.441) and sufficient to by-pass estimate 6
damaged zone thickness due to drilling operation as shown in Figure 1.

assumed
damage
radius: 6 in

Figure 5.5Comparison between 1-11/16 & 2-1/8 Owen SDP penetration

5.8.1.2 Explosive Type

Bottom hole temperature of Z650 is around 165oF and perforation working hours at bottom
hole is about 2-3 hours, explosive type will be RDX (refers to figure 2).

Figure 5.6 Temperature Stability of Perforating Explosives (courtesy of M. J. Economides,

L.T.Watters, and S. Dunn-Norman)

5.8.1.3 Perforation Length

In vertical well completion, perforation length and shot density is aimed to get optimum
design and reach the target rate. Based on the simulation, the optimum perforation interval
length to achieve the target rate are below.

Table 5.7. Optimum Perforation Length

Target Rate Optimum Perforation
No. Zone
(BFPD) Length (ft)
1 Z380 500 10
2 Z450 185 16
3 Z550 100 10
4 Z650 325 10
 Target Rate
500 BOPD

Figure 5.7Sensitivity for Perforation Interval Length in Z380

Target Rate
185 BOPD

Figure 5.8Sensitivity for Perforation Interval Length in Z450

 Target Rate
100 BOPD

Figure 5.9Sensitivity for Perforation Interval Length in Z550

Target Rate
325 BOPD

Figure 5.10Sensitivity for Perforation Interval Length in Z650

5.8.2 Perforation Method

To get higher productivity completion and produce the well as soon as after perforation, it is
highly recommended to apply underbalanced perforating. Based on equation from King,
Anderson and Bingham study, the minimum underbalance pressure necessary to provide
clean perforation is approximately 518 psi with permeability refer to Z380 permeability.
However, if it is found operational difficulties to achieve that underbalance pressure, further
decision must be taken between production and completion engineering department.
2500
min = 0.3 ( )

5.8.3 Tubing Selection

Below is sensitivity tubing size vs flow rate. Optimum tubing size is 2-7/8 OD (6.5 ppf) to
allow through tubing perforation with 2-1/8 gun size.

2-3/8 Tubing
2-7/8 Tubing

3-1/2 Tubing

Figure 5.11Sensitivity for Tubing Size

5.9 Completion Type
The proposed Beta will be completed as single string completion; typical completion can be
seen in Figure 5.5.
X-mas Tree

2-7/8" Tubing,
2-7/8" Tubing J-55, 6.5#, EUE
ESP Cable w/ protector
clamp

2-7/8" SSD

Z380

Bolt On Discharge w/ auto

Packer flow sub

Z450 Multistage Pump

Pump Intake and Gas

Separator
Motor Protector BPBSL
Z650
ESP Motor
Perforation
Interval

For Natural Flow Using Artificial Lift

Figure 5.12 Typical Well Completion in Beta