Curing

Immediately after the finishing operations and the concrete has sufficiently set, the entire
surface of the newly placed concrete is cured in accordance with either one of the following methods:

1. The use of cotton or burlap mats.

2. The use of waterproof paper.
3. Straw curing
4. By impervious membrane method.
5. By use of white polyethylene sheet.

Cotton or Burlap Mats. The pavement surface is entirely covered with mats thoroughly
saturated with water. The mat is placed and weighed to remain in intimate contact with the pavement
and maintained fully wet in its position for 72hours unless otherwise specified.

Water Proof Paper. The top and side of the pavement is covered entirely with water proof
paper. The unit are lapped at least 45centimeters placed and weighed down to remain in intimate
contact with the surface cover. Joints are securely sewed or cemented together not to open up or
separate during the curing period. The cover should be maintained in place for 72hrs after the concrete
has been placed. The surface of the pavement is thoroughly wetted prior to the placing of the paper.

Straw Curing. When straw is used for curing, the pavement is sprayed uniformly with white
pigmented curing compound, immediately after the finishing of the surface and before the setting of
concrete has taken place. The curing compound is not applied during rainy days. The spraying
equipment is equipped with a wind guard and the time of use, the compound is thoroughly mixed with
the pigment uniformly dispersed throughout the vehicle.
During the application, the compound is stirred continuously by an effective, mechanical means.
Hand spraying of odd widths or shapes and concrete surface exposed by the removal of forms will be
permitted.
The curing compound should have that property to harden within 30mins after application.
Should the film be damaged from any cause within 72hrs curing period, the damaged portion shall be
repaired immediately with additional compound.

White Polyethylene Sheet. The top surface and sides of the pavement is entirely covered with
white polyethylene sheet. The units are lapped to at least 45centimeter placing the sheet weighed down
to remain in contact with the surface covered. The sheeting should extend beyond the edges of the slab
at least twice the thickness of the pavement. The covering should be maintained in place for 72hrs after
the concrete has been placed.

Removal of Forms
Forms for concrete pavement should remain in place undisturbed within 24hrs after pouring.
The removal could be done as follows:

1. Crow bars are used in removing forms, pulling out nails and pins, but care should be exercised
not to break the pavement edges.
2. In case a portion of the concrete slab is spelled off, it should be repaired immediately with fresh
mortar mixture of 1:2.
3. Major honeycombed area will be considered as defective work, to be removed and replaced.

Protection of Pavement
Concrete pavement and its appurtenances should be protected against public traffic, and traffic
caused by workers. Protection of the pavement includes the posting of watchmen to direct traffic, and
the posting and maintenance of warning signs, lights, pavement bridges or crossover, etc. Any damage
to the pavement prior to the final acceptance of the work shall be repaired or replaced depending upon
the extent of the damaged.

Concreting by the Slip-Form Method

If the contract calls for the construction of concrete pavement without using a fixed form, the
following shall apply:

The Grade. After the grade or base have been placed and compacted to require density, the
areas to support the paving machine is cut to proper elevation by means of properly design machine.
The base on where the pavement is to be constructed is brought-up to proper profile.
If the density of the base is disturbed by the grading operation, it should be corrected by
additional compaction before the pouring of concrete. The grade or based should be prepared
sufficiently advance of the concrete pouring. If any traffic is allowed to use the prepared grade, it should
be checked and corrected immediately before the placing of concrete.

Placing of Concrete. Concrete is deposited inside the form using an approved Slip-Form Paver
designed to spread, consolidate, screed and float finish the freshly placed concrete in one complete pass
of the machine, in such a manner that minimum hand finish is obtained, yet provide a dense and
homogenous pavement in conformity with the specifications.
The machine vibrates the concrete full width and depth of the strip being placed. Vibration is
accompanied by a vibrating tubes or arms working in the concrete or with vibrating screed or pan
operating on the surface of the concrete.
The sliding forms are rigidly held together laterally to prevent it from spreading. The form are
trailing behind the paver for a distance that no appreciable slumping of the concrete will occur and that
necessary final finishing can be accomplished while the concrete is still within the forms. Any edge
slump of the pavement exclusive of the edge rounding in excess of 6mm is corrected before the
concrete hardens.
The concrete is held at a uniform consistency, having a slump or not more than 40mm. The Slip
Form Paver is operated nearly as possible to a continuous forward movement with all operations from
mixing, delivering and spreading concrete are well coordinated to provide uniform progress with
stopping and starting of the paver held to minimum. If for any reason, it is necessary to stop the forward
movement of the paver machine, the vibrator and tamping elements are also put to stop immediately.
No tractive force is applied to the machine, except those that are also controlled from the machine.

Protection Against Rain

To protect the concrete pavement against rain, the contractor is required to have available at all
times materials for protection consisting of standard metals forms or plunks having nominal thickness of
not less than 50mm and a nominal width of not less than the thickness of the pavement at its edge for
the protection of the pavement edges and covering material such as burlap or cotton mat, curing paper
or plastic sheeting materials for the protection of the pavement in case of rain.

Acceptance of Concrete
The strength level of the concrete will be considered satisfactory if the average of all sets of 3
consecutive strength test result equal or exceed the specified strength fc and no individual strength test
result is deficient by more than 15% of the specified fc.
Concrete which does not satisfy the above criteria, may be rejected unless the contractor could
provide evidence, by means of a core tests that the quality of concrete represented by the failed test
result is acceptable in place.
At least 3 representative cores are taken form each member of concrete area in place that is
considered deficient. Core location should be determined by the supervising engineer so that, there will
be least impairment of the strength of structure. The obtaining and testing of drilled cores shall be in
accordance with AASHTO T-24 requirements.
Concrete in the area represented by the core will be considered adequate if the average
strength of the cores is equal to at least 85% of fc and if no single core is less than 75% of the specified
strength.
If the strength of controlled specimen does not meet the requirements, and it is not feasible or
advisable to obtain cores from the structure due to structural considerations, payment of the concrete
will be made at an adjusted price due to strength deficiency of concrete specimen as specified.
Deficiency Strength of Concrete Specimens in % Percent of Contract Price Allowed
Less than 5 100
5 to less than 10 80
10 to less than 15 70
15 to less than 20 60
20 to less than 25 50
25 or more than 0

Tolerance and Pavement Thickness

Thickness of the pavement will be determined by measuring the core from the completed
pavement in accordance with AASHTO T-148 requirements.
1. The completed pavement will be accepted on a lot of basis. A lot is considered 1000 linear
meters of pavement slab when a single traffic lane is poured or 500 linear meters when two
lanes are poured concurrently.
2. The last unit in each slab constitute a lot in itself when its length is at least 1.2 of the normal lot
length
 3. If the length of the last unit is shorter than of the normal lot length, it should be included in
the previous lot.
4. Other areas like intersection, entrances, crossovers, ramps, etc, will be grouped together to
form a lot. Each lot will be obtained from each segment in accordance with AASHTO T-24
requirements.

Pavement Thickness
It is the intent of this specifications to set pavement into a uniform thickness as planned for the
average of each lot as defined:
1. In calculating the average thickness of the pavement, individual measurement in excess of the
specified thickness by more than 5mm and measurements less than the specified thickness by
more than 25mm, should not be included in the average thickness
2. When the average thickness of the lot is deficient, the contract unit price will be adjusted to the
thickness in accordance with the paragraph below re: Adjustment for thickness.
3. Individual area within the segment found to be deficient in thickness by more than 25mm will be
evaluated by the supervising engineer, and if in his judgement the deficient areas warrant
removal, it must be removed and replaced by the contractor at his expense.
4. When the measurement of any core is less than specified thickness by more than 25mm, the
actual thickness for pavement in the area will be determined by taking additional cores at no
less than 5meters interval parallel to the centerline in such direction from the affected location
until a core is found in each direction which is not deficient in thickness by more than 25mm.

Adjustment for Thickness

When the average thickness of a pavement per lot is deficient, payment for the lot will be
adjusted as follows
Deficiency in the average thickness per lot (mm) Percent of contract price lot
0-5 100% payment
6-10 95
11-15 85
16-20 70
21-25 50
More than 25 Remove and Replace

Methods of Measurement
The area to be paid under this item is the area in square meter of the concrete pavement placed
and accepted in the completed pavement. The length is measured horizontally along the centerline of
each roadway or ramp. Curb and gutter will be included in the area of concrete pavement measured.

Opening to Traffic
The project engineer will decide when the pavement may be opened to traffic. The road will not
be opened to traffic until after the test specimens molded and cured in accordance with AASHTO T-23
have attained the minimum strength requirements. If such test are not conducted prior to the specified
age of the concrete, the pavement, will not be opened to traffic until after 14days from the time
concrete was placed. Before opening to traffic, the pavement should be cleaned joints completely
scaled.