Professional Documents
Culture Documents
20
K 21
NATIONAL STANDARD
GB
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
GB/T 7409.3-2007
Replace GB/T 7409.3-1997
Foreword .................................................................................................................................... I
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative References ......................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and Definitions ......................................................................................................... 2
4 Operating Conditions .......................................................................................................... 2
5 Basic Performance............................................................................................................... 3
6 Tests..................................................................................................................................... 6
7 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage................................................................ 7
8 Product Quality Assurance Period....................................................................................... 8
9 User's Special Requirements ............................................................................................... 9
Foreword
NOTE: The English version hereof has been translated directly from the openly-published Chinese
standard GB/T 7409.3-2007. In the event of any discrepancy in the process of implementation, the
Chinese version shall prevail.
I
Excitation System for Synchronous Electrical Machines -
Technical Requirements of Excitation System for Large and
Medium Synchronous Generators
1 Scope
1.1 This part specifies the technical requirements, test items, marking and packing of the
excitation systems for synchronous electrical machines and phase modifiers and it applies to
the excitation systems for those 10MW and above hydraulic generators, 50MW and above
turbine-type synchronous electrical machines and phase modifiers that are connected with
power system. The excitation systems for generator motors also may be used by making
reference thereof.
1.2 This part only applies to the excitation systems of the following types:
1.2.1 Excitation system with AC exciter
a) AC exciter with stationary rectifier;
b) AC exciter with rotating rectifier (brushless excitation system).
1.2.2 Static excitation system
a) Potential source static excitation system;
b) Compound source static excitation system.
2 Normative References
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this
part, constitute provisions of this part. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to
(excluding correction to), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, the
parties whose enter into agreement according to these specifications are encouraged to
research whether the latest editions of these references are applied or not. For undated
references, the latest editions of the normative documents are applicable to this part.
GB 755 "Rotating Electrical Machines-Rating and Performance" (GB 755-2000, idt IEC
60034-1: 1996)
GB 1094 (all parts) "Power Transformers" (GB 1094.1-1996, eqv IEC 60076-1: 1993;
GB 1094.2-1996, eqv IEC 60072-2: 1993; GB 1094.3-2003, IEC 60076-3: 2000, MOD; GB
1094.5-2003, IEC 60076-5: 2000, MOD)
GB 3797 "Electric-Driving Controlgear-Part 2: Electric-Driving Controlgear
Incorporating Electronic Devices"
1
GB 6450 "Dry-type Power Transformers" (GB 6450-1986, eqv IEC 60726: 1982)
GB/T 7064 "Requirements for Turbine Type Synchronous Machine" (GB/T 70642002,
IEC 60034-3: 1988, NEQ)
GB/T 7409.1 "Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines-Definitions" (GB/T
7409.1-1997, idt IEC 60034-16-1: 1991)
GB/T 7409.2 "Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines-Models for Power System
Studies" (GB/T 7409.2-1997, idt IEC 60034-16-2: 1991)
GB/T 7894 "Fundamental Technical Specifications for Hydro Generators" (GB/T
7894-2001, neq IEC 60034-1: 1996)
GB 14598 "Electrical Disturbance Tests for Measuring Relays and Protection
Equipment" (GB/T 14598.1-2002, IEC 60255-23: 1994, IDT; GB/T 14598.2-1993, eqv IEC
60255-1-00: 1975; GB/T 14598.3-1993, eqv IEC 60255-5: 1997; GB/T 14598.4-1993, idt IEC
60255-14: 1981; GB/T 14598.5-1993, idt IEC 60255-15: 1981; GB/T 14598.6-1993, idt IEC
60255-18: 1982; GB/T 14598.7-1995, idt IEC 60255-3: 1989; GB/T 14598.8-1995, idt IEC
60255-20: 1984; GB/T 14598.9-2002, idt IEC 60255-22-3: 2000, IDT; GB/T 14598.101996,
idt IEC 60255-22-4: 1992; GB/T 14598.11-1997, idt IEC 60255-19: 1983; GB/T
14598.12-1998, idt IEC 60255-19-1: 1983; GB/T 14598.13-1998, eqv IEC 60255-22-1: 1988;
GB/T 14598.14-1998, idt IEC 60255-22-2: 1996; GB/T 14598.15-1998, idt IEC 60255-8:
1990; GB/T 14598.16-2002, IEC 60255-25: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 18494.1 "Convertor Transformers--Part 1: Transformers for Industrial
Applications" (GB/T 18494.1-2001, idt IEC 61378-l: 1997)
GB 50150 "Standard for Hand-over Test of Electric Equipment Electric Equipment
Installation Engineering"
JB/T 7784 "Technical Requirements of AC Exciter for Turbine-type Synchronous
Generators"
This standard adopts the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 7409.1.
4 Operating Conditions
2
No conductive or explosive dust, corroding metal or gas or steam destroying the
insulation exit at the operating site.
4.4 Oscillation
Oscillation condition allowed at the operating site: when the oscillation frequency scope
is 10Hz~150Hz, the oscillating acceleration shall not be larger than 5m/s2.
4.5 Altitude
The absolute altitude at the operating and application site shall not exceed 1000m.
When the altitude is larger than 1000m, the influence of the altitude increase on
excitation system shall be taken into account.
4.6 Station service condition
The voltage deviation of the DC and AC supplies for the power plant service shall not
exceed +10%~-15% of the rated value, the frequency deviation of AC supply shall not exceed
+4%~-6%.
4.7 Installation inclination
For the equipment installed vertically, the installation inclination shall not greater than
5%.
5 Basic Performance
5.1 The excitation system shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 755.
5.2 When the excitation voltage and current of synchronous electrical machine are not
greater than 1.1 times of the rated values, the excitation system shall ensure that it may
continuously operated.
5.3 The excitation ceiling voltage ratio shall be determined according to the network
condition and the status of the generator in the network:
a) Generally is 1.8 times for the 100MW and above turbine generators;
b) Generally is 2 times for the 50MW and above hydraulic generators;
c) Generally is 1.6 times for other types.
For the potential source static excitation system with its excitation source provided from
the generator terminals, its excitation ceiling voltage ratio shall be calculated according to
80% of the generator rated voltage.
5.4 The excitation system ceiling current shall not exceed 2 times of the rated excitation
current, and the permissible duration shall not be less than 10s.
5.5 The excitation system nominal response is specified as follows:
a) The excitation system nominal response of the 50MW and above hydraulic
generators and 100MW and above turbine generators shall not be less than 2 times
of the rated excitation voltage per second;
b) Excitation system nominal response of other types shall not be less than 1 times of
the rated excitation voltage per second.
5.6 The automatic voltage regulation function of excitation system shall be able to
guarantee its steady and smooth regulation within 70%~110% of the rated no-load voltage of
generator.
5.7 The manual excitation regulation function of excitation system shall be able to
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guarantee smoothly regulating the excitation current of synchronous electrical machine within
a scope from 20% of its no-load excitation current to 110% of its rated excitation current.
5.8 When the synchronous electrical machine operates at no load, the changing speed of the
machine voltage caused by the variations in the given values of automatic voltage regulator
and manual controller shall be within 0.3%~1% of the rated voltage of the machine.
5.9 The excitation system shall guarantee the setting range of the reactive current
compensative ratio (idle current compensation) of synchronous generator being no less than
15%.
5.10 The excitation system shall guarantee the static potential difference rate of the
synchronous generator terminal voltage being no larger than 1%.
5.11 The excitation system shall guarantee that the terminal voltage variation ratio is not
larger than 0.25% of the rated value when thee generator operates at no load and the
frequency variation is 1% of the rated value.
5.12 At no-load rated voltage, when the given step quantity of generator voltage is 10%,
the generator voltage overshoot shall not be larger than 50% of the step quantity, the
oscillation times shall not exceed three, and the settling time shall not exceed 10s.
5.13 When the synchronous generator is with field flashing 100% terminal voltage, the
automatic voltage regulator shall guarantee that the generator's terminal voltage overshoot
shall not exceed 15% of the rated value, the pressure oscillation times shall not exceed 3 times
and the settling time shall not exceed 10s.
5.14 With the rated power factor, when the generator suddenly sheds rated load, the
generator voltage overshoot shall not be larger than 15%, the oscillation times shall not
exceed 3 times, and the settling time shall not be larger than 10s.
5.15 The automatic voltage regulator may be installed all or part of the following additional
functions as required by the customer:
a) Potential transformer broken line protection;
b) Reactive current compensation;
c) Over excitation limitation;
d) Under excitation limitation;
e) Volts per hertz limitation;
f) Power system stabilizer (PSS);
g) Over excitation protection;
h) Stator current limitation;
i) Other additional functions;
5.16 When the excitation current is less than 1.1 times of rated value, the maximum
instantaneous value of the rectified voltage exerted on both sides of the excitation winding
shall not be larger than 30% of the voltage amplitude of power frequency test for exfactory
rotor winding.
5.17 The excitation circuit of synchronous generator shall be installed with rotor
overvoltage protection to protect the generator rotor and excitation device themselves.
5.18 The excitation system shall be with excitation suppression function and be able to
de-excite reliably under normal operating conditions or under the following abnormal
conditions:
a) The excitation current of the generator that operates in systems shall not exceed the
4
rated value, and the stator circuit shall be of short circuit externally or internally.
b) Generator no-load abnormal forcing (the relay protection acts).
5.19 The redundancy of the power rectifiers in excitation system may be set according to
that the rest branch circuits still can meet all the operation condition requirements of
generator after one among the parallel branches of all the power rectifiers is out of service,
and the current equalization coefficient of the power rectifiers shall not be less than 0.85.
5.20 The following factors shall be taken into account when selecting the excitation
transformers:
a) The transformer capacity shall be selected according GB/T 18494.1 with
consideration of the influence when the characteristic and non-characteristic
harmonic loss produced by rectifier make the transformer generate additional
exothermic heat;
b) Shielding layers shall be set between the original and auxiliary side winding of
excitation transformer and shall be grounded reliably;
c) When adopting dry-type transformers, the protection grade of the transformer
cabinet should not be above IP21.
5.21 The static excitation system shall be able to field flash reliably, the field flashing
source may adopt DC or AC rectifier sources.
5.22 The excitation system shall be set with necessary signals and protection in order to
monitor the operation condition fault protection of excitation system.
5.23 Requirements for the insulation and voltage withstand test capability of excitation
system and its elements;
a) The generator field winding is, directly or through rectifiers, connected to the
electrical component (for AC exciter, see JB/T 7784), when its rated excitation
voltage is equal to or less than 500V, the voltage value for the leaving factory test of
generators shall be 10 times of the rated excitation voltage and shall not be less than
1500V at least. When the rated excitation voltage is larger than 500V, the voltage
for the leaving factory test shall be 2 times of the rated excitation voltage added by
4000V.
b) The voltage for field commissioning test shall be the leaving factory test voltage, see
GB 50150;
c) The test voltage shall be the effective value of AC sinusoidal voltage at power
frequency with waveform distortion factor not greater than 5%, and the voltage
withstand time shall be 1min.
d) The requirements for other electrical and electronic components that are not directly
connected to the excitation winding shall be implemented according to those
specified in GB 3797.
5.24 When the synchronous generator operates at rated conditions, the temperature rise at
each part of the excitation system shall not exceed the values listed in Table 1. And the rest
shall be in accordance with these four standards, including: GB 6450, GB 3797, GB 1094 and
GB/T 18494.1.
Table 1 Temperature Rise Limit of Each Part of Excitation System
Name Temperature rise limit/K Testing method
5
Class F Class H immersion
insulation insulation
Busbar 35
Without protective
45
layer
Copper busbar and With tin or copper
Joint 55
joint protective layer
With silver
70 Embedded temperature
protective layer
detector method
Aluminium busbar Busbar 25
Thermometer method
and joint Joint 30
Infrared ray thermometry
Air 30mm away from the
25 Thermal imager method
external surface
Resistance element
Resistance surface on circuit
30
board
Insulated conductor 20
5.25 The noise of excitation system cabinet shall not be larger than 80dB(A).
5.26 The excitation system forced off ratio for a year shall not be larger than 0.2%.
5.27 The power system stabilizers shall meet the following requirements:
a) Units with requirement of rapidly regulating the mechanical power shall be selected
those power system stabilizer models with anti-regulation function.
b) The signal interface for test shall be provided;
c) With output limitation function;
d) With manual and automatic starting and cutting off functions;
e) With filtering measures to damping the shaft bearing torsional oscillation signals
when adopting the rotational speed signals.
5.28 Excitation system models shall meet GB/T 7409.2.
6 Tests
6.1 The test is divided into type test, leaving factory test and field test.
6.2 See Table 2 for the test items, and some leaving factory test and field test items may be
added or omitted after the manufacturer and the user have negotiated.
Table 2 Test Items
Type Leaving Commissioning
No. Test item
test factory test test
2 Static characteristic test for each unit and additional units of automatic
6
voltage regulator as well as the overall static characteristic test
6 Noise determination
14 De-excitation test
7.1 Marking
7.1.1 Product mark
The product nameplate shall indicate:
a) Product name;
b) Product type;
c) Serial number of the technical specifications;
d) Factory number;
e) Manufacturing date (Year/month);
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f) Manufacturer's name;
7.1.2 Packing mark
The external part of packing box shall be set with the following marks:
a) Name of receiving unit;
b) Address of receiving unit;
c) Product name;
d) Factory number;
e) Manufacturer name;
f) Manufacturer's address;
g) Marks of the positions requiring rain protection, shock resistance and crash
resistance;
h) Net mass and gross mass of product (kg);
i) Position of lifting rope
7.2 Packaging
7.2. 1 The product package must guarantee that the products are free from mechanical
damages during the storage and transportation process and also are with the ability of rain
protection, dust prevention and moisture protection. The product package period is 1 year
since the ex-factory shipment date.
7.2.2 The accompanying technical documents are:
a) List of accompanying documents;
b) Quality certificate;
c) Product specification (including parameter list of the major equipments of excitation
system, the excitation system models and recommended parameters, the application,
principle and maintenance of excitation system, etc);
d) Product assembly drawing (including installation drawing);
e) Product wiring diagram;
f) Electrical schematic diagram;
g) Detailed delivery list;
h) Product leaving factory test records;
7.3 Transportation and storage
7.3.1 During the transportation process, the products shall not be vibrated or impacted
fiercely or be turned over. Some components with special requirement on transportation
temperature shall be indicated in order to take measures during the transportation.
7.3.2 After delivered to the construction site, the products shall be stored according to the
manufacturer's requirements. IF the manufacturer provides no requirement, the products shall
be stored in dry storeroom with shelter, and the conditions in storeroom shall conform to
those specified in 4.1, 4.25, 4.3 and 4.4.For long term storage, the products shall be
maintained according to the product technical specifications.
8
This chapter shall be implemented by making reference to GB/T 7894 and GB/T 7064.
Provided that the user has special requirement on the excitation system, the excitation
system shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and user.