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ICS 29.160.

20

K 21

NATIONAL STANDARD
GB
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

GB/T 7409.3-2007
Replace GB/T 7409.3-1997

Excitation System for Synchronous Electrical


Machines - Technical Requirements of Excitation
System for Large and Medium Synchronous
Generators

Issued on January 16, 2007 Implemented on August 01, 2007


Jointly issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine and the Standardization Administration of the
People's Republic of China
Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................................................... I
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative References ......................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and Definitions ......................................................................................................... 2
4 Operating Conditions .......................................................................................................... 2
5 Basic Performance............................................................................................................... 3
6 Tests..................................................................................................................................... 6
7 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage................................................................ 7
8 Product Quality Assurance Period....................................................................................... 8
9 User's Special Requirements ............................................................................................... 9
Foreword

This part is a revision of GB/T 7409.3-1997.


There have some changes in this part over the 1997 edition in the following aspects:
1) Unified excitation terms were adopted according to the domestic excitation practice;
2) The technical parameters were updated according to the technological development
of excitation equipments and elements;
3) New technical requirements were added according to the significance of excitation
equipment for the stability of power grid;
4) Out-of-date technical clauses were deleted.
This part applies to guide the design, production and test of generator excitation
equipments.
This part is in harmony with the relevant standards on rotating motor.
This part was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee on Generator of National
Technical Committee on Electric Rotating Machinery of Standardization Administration of
China.
Harbin Institute of Large Electrical Machinery is in charge of drafting this part, and
Harbin electric machinery Co., Ltd.(HEC), China Electric Power Research Institute,
Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Shanghai Turbine Generator Co., Ltd., Zhejiang
Electric Power Test & Research Institute, North China Electric Power Research Institute,
Nanjing Automation Research Institute/Nanrui Group Corporation, Guangzhou Electric
Apparatus Research Institute, Hydropower and Water Resources Planning and Design General
Institute, Shandong Jinan Power Equipment Factory, Beijing BEIZHONG Steam Turbine
Generator Co., Ltd. and other organizations participate in drafting this part.
Chief drafting staffs of this part: Xu Fuan, Zhao Hongguang, Hu Yu, Li Guoliang, Wang
Dawei, Ma Guonon, Liu Mingxing, Zhu Shizhang, Su Weimin, Zhu Xiaodong, Lv Hongshui,
Xiong Wei, Liu Guoyang, Ye Zhongli, Cong Haijiang and Zhang Yuhua.
This part was firstly developed in 1987 and firstly revised in 1997, and this edition is the
second revision.

NOTE: The English version hereof has been translated directly from the openly-published Chinese
standard GB/T 7409.3-2007. In the event of any discrepancy in the process of implementation, the
Chinese version shall prevail.

I
Excitation System for Synchronous Electrical Machines -
Technical Requirements of Excitation System for Large and
Medium Synchronous Generators

1 Scope

1.1 This part specifies the technical requirements, test items, marking and packing of the
excitation systems for synchronous electrical machines and phase modifiers and it applies to
the excitation systems for those 10MW and above hydraulic generators, 50MW and above
turbine-type synchronous electrical machines and phase modifiers that are connected with
power system. The excitation systems for generator motors also may be used by making
reference thereof.
1.2 This part only applies to the excitation systems of the following types:
1.2.1 Excitation system with AC exciter
a) AC exciter with stationary rectifier;
b) AC exciter with rotating rectifier (brushless excitation system).
1.2.2 Static excitation system
a) Potential source static excitation system;
b) Compound source static excitation system.

2 Normative References

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this
part, constitute provisions of this part. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to
(excluding correction to), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, the
parties whose enter into agreement according to these specifications are encouraged to
research whether the latest editions of these references are applied or not. For undated
references, the latest editions of the normative documents are applicable to this part.
GB 755 "Rotating Electrical Machines-Rating and Performance" (GB 755-2000, idt IEC
60034-1: 1996)
GB 1094 (all parts) "Power Transformers" (GB 1094.1-1996, eqv IEC 60076-1: 1993;
GB 1094.2-1996, eqv IEC 60072-2: 1993; GB 1094.3-2003, IEC 60076-3: 2000, MOD; GB
1094.5-2003, IEC 60076-5: 2000, MOD)
GB 3797 "Electric-Driving Controlgear-Part 2: Electric-Driving Controlgear
Incorporating Electronic Devices"

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GB 6450 "Dry-type Power Transformers" (GB 6450-1986, eqv IEC 60726: 1982)
GB/T 7064 "Requirements for Turbine Type Synchronous Machine" (GB/T 70642002,
IEC 60034-3: 1988, NEQ)
GB/T 7409.1 "Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines-Definitions" (GB/T
7409.1-1997, idt IEC 60034-16-1: 1991)
GB/T 7409.2 "Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines-Models for Power System
Studies" (GB/T 7409.2-1997, idt IEC 60034-16-2: 1991)
GB/T 7894 "Fundamental Technical Specifications for Hydro Generators" (GB/T
7894-2001, neq IEC 60034-1: 1996)
GB 14598 "Electrical Disturbance Tests for Measuring Relays and Protection
Equipment" (GB/T 14598.1-2002, IEC 60255-23: 1994, IDT; GB/T 14598.2-1993, eqv IEC
60255-1-00: 1975; GB/T 14598.3-1993, eqv IEC 60255-5: 1997; GB/T 14598.4-1993, idt IEC
60255-14: 1981; GB/T 14598.5-1993, idt IEC 60255-15: 1981; GB/T 14598.6-1993, idt IEC
60255-18: 1982; GB/T 14598.7-1995, idt IEC 60255-3: 1989; GB/T 14598.8-1995, idt IEC
60255-20: 1984; GB/T 14598.9-2002, idt IEC 60255-22-3: 2000, IDT; GB/T 14598.101996,
idt IEC 60255-22-4: 1992; GB/T 14598.11-1997, idt IEC 60255-19: 1983; GB/T
14598.12-1998, idt IEC 60255-19-1: 1983; GB/T 14598.13-1998, eqv IEC 60255-22-1: 1988;
GB/T 14598.14-1998, idt IEC 60255-22-2: 1996; GB/T 14598.15-1998, idt IEC 60255-8:
1990; GB/T 14598.16-2002, IEC 60255-25: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 18494.1 "Convertor Transformers--Part 1: Transformers for Industrial
Applications" (GB/T 18494.1-2001, idt IEC 61378-l: 1997)
GB 50150 "Standard for Hand-over Test of Electric Equipment Electric Equipment
Installation Engineering"
JB/T 7784 "Technical Requirements of AC Exciter for Turbine-type Synchronous
Generators"

3 Terms and Definitions

This standard adopts the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 7409.1.

4 Operating Conditions

4.1 Ambient temperature


The maximum ambient temperature shall not exceed +40 and the mean temperature
within 24h shall not exceed +35 or less than -5. The temperature variation ratio of
working environment shall not be larger than 5/h. (rectifiers adopt the water cooling type,
and its minimum temperature is +5).
4.2 Relative ambient air humidity
The maximum mean average relative humidity of the most humid month at the operating
site shall not exceed 90%, and the mean monthly minimum temperature of this month shall
not be larger than 25.
4.3 Gaseous contamination

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No conductive or explosive dust, corroding metal or gas or steam destroying the
insulation exit at the operating site.
4.4 Oscillation
Oscillation condition allowed at the operating site: when the oscillation frequency scope
is 10Hz~150Hz, the oscillating acceleration shall not be larger than 5m/s2.
4.5 Altitude
The absolute altitude at the operating and application site shall not exceed 1000m.
When the altitude is larger than 1000m, the influence of the altitude increase on
excitation system shall be taken into account.
4.6 Station service condition
The voltage deviation of the DC and AC supplies for the power plant service shall not
exceed +10%~-15% of the rated value, the frequency deviation of AC supply shall not exceed
+4%~-6%.
4.7 Installation inclination
For the equipment installed vertically, the installation inclination shall not greater than
5%.

5 Basic Performance

5.1 The excitation system shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 755.
5.2 When the excitation voltage and current of synchronous electrical machine are not
greater than 1.1 times of the rated values, the excitation system shall ensure that it may
continuously operated.
5.3 The excitation ceiling voltage ratio shall be determined according to the network
condition and the status of the generator in the network:
a) Generally is 1.8 times for the 100MW and above turbine generators;
b) Generally is 2 times for the 50MW and above hydraulic generators;
c) Generally is 1.6 times for other types.
For the potential source static excitation system with its excitation source provided from
the generator terminals, its excitation ceiling voltage ratio shall be calculated according to
80% of the generator rated voltage.
5.4 The excitation system ceiling current shall not exceed 2 times of the rated excitation
current, and the permissible duration shall not be less than 10s.
5.5 The excitation system nominal response is specified as follows:
a) The excitation system nominal response of the 50MW and above hydraulic
generators and 100MW and above turbine generators shall not be less than 2 times
of the rated excitation voltage per second;
b) Excitation system nominal response of other types shall not be less than 1 times of
the rated excitation voltage per second.
5.6 The automatic voltage regulation function of excitation system shall be able to
guarantee its steady and smooth regulation within 70%~110% of the rated no-load voltage of
generator.
5.7 The manual excitation regulation function of excitation system shall be able to

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guarantee smoothly regulating the excitation current of synchronous electrical machine within
a scope from 20% of its no-load excitation current to 110% of its rated excitation current.
5.8 When the synchronous electrical machine operates at no load, the changing speed of the
machine voltage caused by the variations in the given values of automatic voltage regulator
and manual controller shall be within 0.3%~1% of the rated voltage of the machine.
5.9 The excitation system shall guarantee the setting range of the reactive current
compensative ratio (idle current compensation) of synchronous generator being no less than
15%.
5.10 The excitation system shall guarantee the static potential difference rate of the
synchronous generator terminal voltage being no larger than 1%.
5.11 The excitation system shall guarantee that the terminal voltage variation ratio is not
larger than 0.25% of the rated value when thee generator operates at no load and the
frequency variation is 1% of the rated value.
5.12 At no-load rated voltage, when the given step quantity of generator voltage is 10%,
the generator voltage overshoot shall not be larger than 50% of the step quantity, the
oscillation times shall not exceed three, and the settling time shall not exceed 10s.
5.13 When the synchronous generator is with field flashing 100% terminal voltage, the
automatic voltage regulator shall guarantee that the generator's terminal voltage overshoot
shall not exceed 15% of the rated value, the pressure oscillation times shall not exceed 3 times
and the settling time shall not exceed 10s.
5.14 With the rated power factor, when the generator suddenly sheds rated load, the
generator voltage overshoot shall not be larger than 15%, the oscillation times shall not
exceed 3 times, and the settling time shall not be larger than 10s.
5.15 The automatic voltage regulator may be installed all or part of the following additional
functions as required by the customer:
a) Potential transformer broken line protection;
b) Reactive current compensation;
c) Over excitation limitation;
d) Under excitation limitation;
e) Volts per hertz limitation;
f) Power system stabilizer (PSS);
g) Over excitation protection;
h) Stator current limitation;
i) Other additional functions;
5.16 When the excitation current is less than 1.1 times of rated value, the maximum
instantaneous value of the rectified voltage exerted on both sides of the excitation winding
shall not be larger than 30% of the voltage amplitude of power frequency test for exfactory
rotor winding.
5.17 The excitation circuit of synchronous generator shall be installed with rotor
overvoltage protection to protect the generator rotor and excitation device themselves.
5.18 The excitation system shall be with excitation suppression function and be able to
de-excite reliably under normal operating conditions or under the following abnormal
conditions:
a) The excitation current of the generator that operates in systems shall not exceed the

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rated value, and the stator circuit shall be of short circuit externally or internally.
b) Generator no-load abnormal forcing (the relay protection acts).
5.19 The redundancy of the power rectifiers in excitation system may be set according to
that the rest branch circuits still can meet all the operation condition requirements of
generator after one among the parallel branches of all the power rectifiers is out of service,
and the current equalization coefficient of the power rectifiers shall not be less than 0.85.
5.20 The following factors shall be taken into account when selecting the excitation
transformers:
a) The transformer capacity shall be selected according GB/T 18494.1 with
consideration of the influence when the characteristic and non-characteristic
harmonic loss produced by rectifier make the transformer generate additional
exothermic heat;
b) Shielding layers shall be set between the original and auxiliary side winding of
excitation transformer and shall be grounded reliably;
c) When adopting dry-type transformers, the protection grade of the transformer
cabinet should not be above IP21.
5.21 The static excitation system shall be able to field flash reliably, the field flashing
source may adopt DC or AC rectifier sources.
5.22 The excitation system shall be set with necessary signals and protection in order to
monitor the operation condition fault protection of excitation system.
5.23 Requirements for the insulation and voltage withstand test capability of excitation
system and its elements;
a) The generator field winding is, directly or through rectifiers, connected to the
electrical component (for AC exciter, see JB/T 7784), when its rated excitation
voltage is equal to or less than 500V, the voltage value for the leaving factory test of
generators shall be 10 times of the rated excitation voltage and shall not be less than
1500V at least. When the rated excitation voltage is larger than 500V, the voltage
for the leaving factory test shall be 2 times of the rated excitation voltage added by
4000V.
b) The voltage for field commissioning test shall be the leaving factory test voltage, see
GB 50150;
c) The test voltage shall be the effective value of AC sinusoidal voltage at power
frequency with waveform distortion factor not greater than 5%, and the voltage
withstand time shall be 1min.
d) The requirements for other electrical and electronic components that are not directly
connected to the excitation winding shall be implemented according to those
specified in GB 3797.
5.24 When the synchronous generator operates at rated conditions, the temperature rise at
each part of the excitation system shall not exceed the values listed in Table 1. And the rest
shall be in accordance with these four standards, including: GB 6450, GB 3797, GB 1094 and
GB/T 18494.1.
Table 1 Temperature Rise Limit of Each Part of Excitation System
Name Temperature rise limit/K Testing method

Dry type Oil

5
Class F Class H immersion
insulation insulation

Transformer Coil 100 125 65

Busbar 35

Without protective
45
layer
Copper busbar and With tin or copper
Joint 55
joint protective layer

With silver
70 Embedded temperature
protective layer
detector method
Aluminium busbar Busbar 25
Thermometer method
and joint Joint 30
Infrared ray thermometry
Air 30mm away from the
25 Thermal imager method
external surface
Resistance element
Resistance surface on circuit
30
board

Insulated conductor 20

Silicon rectifying cell (joint with radiator) 45


Thyristor (joint with radiator) 40

Fuse protector joint 45

5.25 The noise of excitation system cabinet shall not be larger than 80dB(A).
5.26 The excitation system forced off ratio for a year shall not be larger than 0.2%.
5.27 The power system stabilizers shall meet the following requirements:
a) Units with requirement of rapidly regulating the mechanical power shall be selected
those power system stabilizer models with anti-regulation function.
b) The signal interface for test shall be provided;
c) With output limitation function;
d) With manual and automatic starting and cutting off functions;
e) With filtering measures to damping the shaft bearing torsional oscillation signals
when adopting the rotational speed signals.
5.28 Excitation system models shall meet GB/T 7409.2.

6 Tests

6.1 The test is divided into type test, leaving factory test and field test.
6.2 See Table 2 for the test items, and some leaving factory test and field test items may be
added or omitted after the manufacturer and the user have negotiated.
Table 2 Test Items
Type Leaving Commissioning
No. Test item
test factory test test

1 Insulation and voltage withstand test for components of excitation system

2 Static characteristic test for each unit and additional units of automatic

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voltage regulator as well as the overall static characteristic test

3 Action test for operation and control circuit

4 Temperature rising test for each element of excitation system

5 Current equalization test of power rectifier

6 Noise determination

7 Checking the protection and monitoring devices with analogy method

8 Determination of the voltage setting range of automatic voltage regulation

9 Determination of the setting range of manual excitation regulation

10 Determination of static potential difference rate

1l Determination of reactive current compensative ratio

Switchover test for automatic voltage regulation/manual excitation


12
regulation

13 Test for rotor overvoltage protective device

14 De-excitation test

15 Load rejection test

16 Voltage step-response maneuver test for generator at no-load condition

17 Excitation transformer test

18 Test for AC exciter and permanent magnetic auxiliary exciter

Determination of the terminal voltage variation ratio when the frequency


19 variation of the synchronous electrical machine with automatic voltage
regulator is 1%

Inspection on the function calibration and action accuracy at each force


20
application port

2l Field flashing test

Determination of excitation system ceiling voltage, nominal response and


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voltage response time

23 Power system stabilizer test

24 Excitation system model parameter confirmation test

25 Excitation system environment and electromagnetic compatibility test

is the commissioning test


Is specific test and may be done after negotiation

7 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage

7.1 Marking
7.1.1 Product mark
The product nameplate shall indicate:
a) Product name;
b) Product type;
c) Serial number of the technical specifications;
d) Factory number;
e) Manufacturing date (Year/month);

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f) Manufacturer's name;
7.1.2 Packing mark
The external part of packing box shall be set with the following marks:
a) Name of receiving unit;
b) Address of receiving unit;
c) Product name;
d) Factory number;
e) Manufacturer name;
f) Manufacturer's address;
g) Marks of the positions requiring rain protection, shock resistance and crash
resistance;
h) Net mass and gross mass of product (kg);
i) Position of lifting rope
7.2 Packaging
7.2. 1 The product package must guarantee that the products are free from mechanical
damages during the storage and transportation process and also are with the ability of rain
protection, dust prevention and moisture protection. The product package period is 1 year
since the ex-factory shipment date.
7.2.2 The accompanying technical documents are:
a) List of accompanying documents;
b) Quality certificate;
c) Product specification (including parameter list of the major equipments of excitation
system, the excitation system models and recommended parameters, the application,
principle and maintenance of excitation system, etc);
d) Product assembly drawing (including installation drawing);
e) Product wiring diagram;
f) Electrical schematic diagram;
g) Detailed delivery list;
h) Product leaving factory test records;
7.3 Transportation and storage
7.3.1 During the transportation process, the products shall not be vibrated or impacted
fiercely or be turned over. Some components with special requirement on transportation
temperature shall be indicated in order to take measures during the transportation.
7.3.2 After delivered to the construction site, the products shall be stored according to the
manufacturer's requirements. IF the manufacturer provides no requirement, the products shall
be stored in dry storeroom with shelter, and the conditions in storeroom shall conform to
those specified in 4.1, 4.25, 4.3 and 4.4.For long term storage, the products shall be
maintained according to the product technical specifications.

8 Product Quality Assurance Period

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This chapter shall be implemented by making reference to GB/T 7894 and GB/T 7064.

9 User's Special Requirements

Provided that the user has special requirement on the excitation system, the excitation
system shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and user.

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