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s e l e c t i o n OF AQHS

03.05
AIR QUALITY

03.05.01
General

T o q u a n t i f y the i m p a c t o f t h e f u t u r e m i n i n g a n d a l l i e d a c t i v i t i e s o n t h e a m b i e n t air
q u a l i t y a n d t o r e d u c e the i m p a c t d u e t o p r e s e n t a c t i v i t i e s , i t w a s n e c e s s a r y a t f i r s t . t o
m e a s u r e t h e e x i s t i n g a m b i e n t air q u a l i t y i n t h e s t u d y a r e a I lie b a c k g r o u n d n m b i o n l m
q u a l i t y ( A A Q ) i n r e s p e c t o f s u s p e n d e d p a r t i c u l a t e m a t t e r ( S P M ) , s u l p h u r d i o x i d e (SO:-?),
oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and dustfall has been d e t e r m i n e d
quantitatively through a planned field monitoring.

03.05.02
Monitoring Stations

T o d e t e r m i n e the a m b i e n t a i r q u a l i t y m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s w e r e set u p a t s e v e n l o c a t i o n - ;
(one station at O M C C O B plant w a s shifted to village Patna in 2nd season) Out of the s e v e n
l o c a t i o n s o n e s t a t i o n w a s set u p i n t h e c o r e z o n e . T h e d e t a i l s p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e i r l o c a t i o n s n r «
given in Table No. 03.04. The A A Q station locations are s h o w n in D r a w i n g No MEC/1 I/S2
7443/15.

W h i l e d e c i d i n g the l o c a t i o n s o f t h e A A Q m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s v i e w s o f t h e D e p a r t m - ' n '


of Environment (DOEn), Ministry of Environment and Forests, were c o n s i d e r e d

F o l l o w i n g p o i n t s w e r e a l s o c o n s i d e r e d , w h i l e f i x i n g ttie n u m b e r a n d l o c a t i o n o l A A Q
monitoring stations.

• As a result of m i n i n g , a m b i e n t air quality is a f f e c t e d m o s t l y d u e to p l y i n g of d u m p e r s


a n d also d u e t o o t h e r o p e r a t i o n s like drilling, b l a s t i n g a n d o v e r b u r d e n d u m p i n g

• A m b i e n t air q u a l i t y i s e x p e c t e d t o b e a f f e c t e d i n a n a r e a i n a n d a r o u n d t h e m i n e s
K e e p i n g t h i s i n v i e w , i t w a s d e c i d e d t o m o n i t o r m a i n l y the c o r e a n d n e a r b y b u f t e r
zones.

W h i l e f i x i n g the n u m b e r o f A A Q m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s , t h e m o d e l o f U n i t e d S t a t e s
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1975b) was utilised T h e m o d e l !•;
p r e s e n t e d in T a b l e No. 0 3 . 0 5 . T h e m o d e l s u g g e s t s that m i n i m u m n u m b e r of A A O
s t a t i o n s s h o u l d be four. H o w e v e r , as m e n t i o n e d earlier, m o r e s t a t i o n s w e r e set u;

• A m o d e l s u g g e s t e d b y H o u g h l a n d a n d S t e p h e n s . ( R e f . " T h e D e s i g n o f Air Q u a l i t .
m o n i t o r i n g N e t w o r k , " R E . M u n n , 1 9 8 1 ) h a s b e e n u t i l i s e d t o lix u p t h e l o c a t i o n o
m o n i t o r i n g stations. This m o d e l s u g g e s t s setting up of monitoring stations at thos
lo c a t i o n s w h e r e t h e p r o b a b i l i t y of o c c u r r e n c e of m a x i m u m g r o u n d l e v e l co n c e n t r a ti - >••
( G L C ) is high. The probability factor was f o u n d by d e t e r m i n i n g the c o v e r a g e l a c k

M i S H I l A L MINES PV T LTD

().i-()(>
(A | k )" f o r r e s i d e n t i a l l o c a t i o n s a r o u n d t h e m i n e s w h i c h a r e l i a b l o t o b o n l f o c t o d t>y th«
p o l l u t a n t s . C o v e r a g e f a c t o r s " A ' f o r all t h e p o t e n t i a l l o c a t i o n s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d b y th«
following f o r m u l a :
FREQ(k)
= (1+^)
Where
C o v e r a g e f a c t o r o f t h e m o n i t o r i n g s i t e i n t h e k, h d o w n w i n d sector
from source.
F R E Q ( k ) = F r e q u e n c y of w i n d d i r e c t i o n in the kth s e c t o r
D. = D i s t a n c e f r o m the site to the s o u r c e .
Table. 03.04
SELECTED AAQ MONITORING STATIONS

SL. Name of station Distance/Direction ' C o v e r a g e Factor Station


No. ( f r o m quarry) A = FREQ(k)/ status.
d ' + D,)

1. Roof of Saruabil Mine 1 50 m f r o m nearest 7 21 Core zone


Office (A,) source/NE

2. Kaliapani C e n t r a l T o w n s h i p 4.25 Km/W 1 58 Buffer zone


Roof of Qr. No. 0 - 1 4 (A 2 ) ( M e t stn )

3. COB Plant of O M C . roof 2.25Km/WSW 2.55 Buffer zone


top of COB plant w e i g h
bridge. ( A , , )
(24 samples in 1 st
season & 9 s a m p l e s
in 2nd season)

4. Village P a t n a , e r e c t e d 5.5 Km/WNW 1.07 B u f f e r zone


platform near s c h o o l ( A 3 J ) ( c o n t r o l stn )
(15 samples in 2 n d
season and 24 s a m p l e s
each in 3rd & 4th s e a s o n s ) .

5. Kamarda R e s i d e n t i a l 0.75Km/ENE 5.14 Buffer zone


township ( A J

6. Sukurangi C a m p (A 5 ) 1.0 K m / S W 4.15 Buffer zone

7. Village Kansa, roof 3.75Km/ENE 1.89 Buffer zone


top of forest g u a r d ' s
quarter. (A ( )

A s per H o u g h l a n d a n d S t e p h e n m o d e l for f i x i n g t h e l o c a t i o n o f Air q u a l i t y m o m t o n m s


s t a t i o n s ( R e f : T h e d e s i g n o f air q u a l i t y m o n i t o r i n g n e t w o r k ; R . E . M u n n , 1 9 8 1 )

Basic -.vmdrose at S u k u r a n g i v i l l a g e w a s u s e d for c a l c u l a t i o n of c o v e r a g e f a c t o r Win-ir-_-


of S u k u r a n g i v i l l a g e w a s s u p p l i e d by D i r e c o r a t e of M i n i n g a n d G e o l o g y : G o v t of O r i s - ; •)

MISF1ILAL MINES PVT. LTD

03-07
Table 03.05

REGULATORY MINIMUM NUMBER OF MONITORING SITES ( E P A , 1975b)

Classifica- Pollutant Region population Minimum number


t i o n of of air q u a l i t y
region monitoring sites

I Suspended Less than 100000 4


particulates 100000-1000000 4 + 0 6 per 1 0 0 0 0 0 p o p u l a t i o n
hi-vol 1000000-5000000 7.5+0.25 per 100000 population

Tape sampler Above 5000000 1 2 * 0 . 1 6 per I 0 0 0 0 0 population


O n e per 2 5 0 0 0 0 p o p u l a t i o n upto
eight sites

Sulphur Less than 100000 3


dioxide 100000-1000000 2.5 + 0.5 p e r 1 0 0 0 0 0 p o p u l a t i o n
bubbler 1000000-5000000 6 + 0 . 1 5 per 1 0 0 0 0 0 p o p u l a t i o n
Above 5000000 6+0.05 per 100000 p o p u l a t i o n
Continuous Less than 100000 1
100000-5000000 1+0.15 per 100000 population
Above 5000000 6 t-0.05 per 1 0 0 0 0 0 p o p u l a t i o n

Carbon Less than 100000 1


monoxide 100000-5000000 1+0.15 per 100000 population
Above 5000000 6+0 05 per 100000 population

Photochemical Lass than 100000 1


oxidants 100000-5000000 1+0.15 per 100000 population
Above 5000000 6+0.05 per 100000 population

Nitrogen Less than 100000 3


dioxide 100000-1000000 4 + 0 . 6 per 1 0 0 0 0 0 p o p u l a t i o n
continuous Above 5000000 10
bubbler

II Suspended 3 hi-vols
particulates 1 tape samplor

Sulphur 3 bubbler
dioxide 1 continuous

III Suspended 1 hi-vol


particulates
Sulphur dioxide 1 bubbler
Nitrogen dioxide 2 bubblers

V. — MISRILAL MINES PVT. LTD

03-08
F o r e a c h s t a t i o n ' A w a s c a l c u l n l o d . T h o s t n l i o n s w h i c h q n v n h i g l m r ' A ( ' v a l u n s w.>m'
t a k e n as m o n i t o r i n g stations. The average w i n d r o s o d i a g r a m at S u k u r a n g i , at a
d i s t a n c e o f a b o u t 1.0 k m , f r o m the m i n e s i n S W d i r e c t i o n w a s u s e d f o r c a l c u l a t i o n o l
F R E Q ( k ) . T h e b a s i c w i n d r o s e d i a g r a m (at S u k u r a n g i v i l l a g e ) w a s p r o v i d e d b y tho
D i r e c t o r a t e o f M i n i n g a n d G e o l o g y , G o v t , o f O r i s s a C o v e r a g e f a c t o r A ' for t h e
- - stations h a v e b e e n given in T a b l e No. 03.04. Out of the potential m o n i t o r i n g stations
b u f f e r z o n e l o c a t i o n s h a v i n g c o m p a r a t i v e l y h i g h e r co v e r a go factor (1 58 to / ? t)
s e l e c t e d as m o n i t o r i n g stations. The c o n t r o l station w a s set up in village P a t n a (A )
a t a l o n g d i s t a n c o ( 5 . 5 k m ) f r o m p r o j e c t i n a d i r o o t i o n w h o m w i n d Ir«»i)«ii»nr-.if>nn- I " .
A l s o , i n t h e S u m m e r s e a s o n w h e n t h e w i n d s p e e d i s h i g h i n t h i s r e g i o n this s t a t i o n ( A )
c o u l d give an idea w e a t h e r the p o l l u t a n t s are d i s p e r s e d to s u c h l o n g d i s t a n c e s . D u e to
p r e s e n c e o f t w o s t a t i o n s i n W - S W - W S W s e c t o r a t v a r i o u s d i s t a n c e s ( A s a t 1.0 k m a n d
A ? a t 4 . 2 5 k m ) t h e t h i r d s t a t i o n A 3 t w a s s h i f t e d t o v i l l a g e P a t n a (A 3 2 ) i n the s e c o n d
s e a s o n to s e r v e as control station.

• D u e to the hills on the N o r t h e r n a n d S o u t h e r n part of the l e a s e a r e a w i n d frequencies


f r o m / t o w a r d s t h e s e d i r e c t i o n s a r e l e s s a n d a l s o t h e r e i s n o h u m a n h a b i t a t i o n over
t h e s e r e g i o n s . K e e p i n g this in v i e w , no A A Q m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n w a s set up on N o r t h e r n
a n d S o u t h e r n hilly terrain.

03.05.03
Monitoring schedule

As m e n t i o n e d earlier in C h a p t e r 01 m o n i t o r i n g w a s c a r r i e d out in Winter ( 2 1 0 1 . 9 0 to


30.03.90), Summer ( 1 0 . 5 . 9 0 to 1 0 . 0 7 . 9 0 ) , M o n s o o n ( 2 3 . 0 7 . 9 0 to 2 2 . 0 9 90) a n d Post
m o n s o o n (24.10.90 to 22.12.90) seasons. In each season at each station monitoring was
p l a n n e d to be d o n e for o n e m o n t h (4 w e e k s ) , twice a w e e k , tor 24 h o u r s . 3 eight hourly
samples were taken. B e t w e e n two monitoring months a gap of-1-2 m o n t h s was p l a n n e d
E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g d a t a of 1994 is e n c l o s e d as a d d e n d u m r e p o r t in v o l u m e - l l of this
report.

03.05.04
Sampling and Analysis procedure

A A Q m o n i t o r i n g w a s d o n e u s i n g h i g h v o l u m e air s a m p l e r s . S P M w a s c o l l e c t e d o n g l a s s
micro fibre filter p a p e r s . G a s e o u s p o l l u t a n t s ( S O j . N O J w e r e c o l l e c t e d b y irnpinger b u b b l i n g
m e t h o d a n d a n a l y s e d colorimetrically a s per s t a n d a r d m e t h o d s . C O was m o n i t o r e d u s i n g
MSA detector tubes.

03.05.05
Results and Discussions

F r o m the m o n i t o r e d data the s u m m a r i s e d A A Q r e s u l t s for the s e v e n l o c a t i o n s are


p r e s e n t e d a n d g i v e n i n T a b l e N o . 0 3 . 0 6 . G r a p h i c a l p r e s e n t a t i o n o f the S P M v a l u e s ( M a * .
Min. and Avg) h a v e b e e n s h o w n in Fig. 03.05.

C o m p a r i s o n of the c o n c e n t r a t i o n values ol SPM. SO . N O a n d CO with the ind'istr i il


a n d ~ t e d u s e s t a n d a r d s l a i d d o w n b y C e n t r a l P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l R . , u d ( C I ' C B i .!•,.>.•. . >h.it
a ' a l l ' h e s t a t i o n s , i n all t h e s e a s o n s ( 1 0 0 % t i m e s ) t h e S P M . S O . . N ( . \ a n d C O i . mom m m - n
.a ues are well within the p r e s c r i b e d upper limits laid d o w n by C P O B
V — MISHILAL MINES PV f L I U -

03-09

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