TransformerProcurementProcess

Tutorial

TomBreckenridge
WGA236
 WhyProcurement?

Scope:Design,construction,manufactureandoperation
forallkindsofpowertransformers,includingindustrial,DC
convertersandphaseshifttransformersandforalltypesof
reactorsandtransformercomponents(bushing,tap
changer)

Today,thetwoStrategicDirectionsforA2 futureactivitiesare:
ServicestoCustomers(Reliability,Lifemanagement,
Economics,Tutorials,...)
TechnologyIssues(Safety,NewtechnologiesandNew
concepts,Electricalenvironment,Prestandardisationwork,...)

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhyProcurement?

Scope
Design,construction,manufacture thesearekeypartsof
theprocurementprocess
Gooddecisionsmadehereimpactonfuturelife
experiences
Baddecisionsmadehereleadtoserviceproblemsorearly
failure

ServicestoCustomers
LifeManagementbeginsatconceptionthroughdesignand
manufacturer itdoesntstartwhenthetransformeris
commissioned
Futurereliabilityisdeterminedatthepurchasestage
Economicsoftransformeroperationisheavilyinfluenced
bypurchasecostandtheunderlyingdesign

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerProcurement

Notsimplytheactofpurchasingatransformer
Decisionsmadeintheprocurementprocessaffect
Thefutureoperatingcostsofthetransformer
Thefuturereliabilityofthetransformer
Thelifeexpectancyofthetransformer
Caninfluenceoverallsystemperformance
Howcanprocurementbeorganisedtomaximisethe
assetvalueatminimalcosts?
Howcanthepurchaserensureafitforuseproductis
theendresult?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 ThePerceivedProblem

Lossofexperienceinpurchaserscouldleadto
inferiorproductsbeingsourcedthroughignorance
Pressureonassetcostsfrompurchasingmanagers
Pressureonassetperformancefromoperations
managers
Balanceofincreasingcostswithdesiretoreduce
purchaseprice
Purchasersneedtorelymoreheavilyonexternal
agencies

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 ProcurementProcess

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerProcurement

ThreenewCigr TechnicalBrochuresprovidesupport
andguidanceinthiscriticalarea.
TB528 GuideforthePreparationofSpecificationsfor
PowerTransformers
TB529 GuidelinesforConductingDesignReviewsfor
PowerTransformers
TB530 GuideforConductingFactoryCapability
AssessmentforPowerTransformer
Warning! Theseguidesdonotcoverallaspectsof
transformerprocurement

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerSpecifications

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TB528

Whathasbeenprepared?
Arevisedversionofthepreviousspecificationguide
TB156
Thenewguidebuildsonthepreviousguideand
enhancesitinmanyareaswhereexperienceshows
additionalinformationisnecessary
Thepreviousguidewasconsideredtobestillavalid
andgooddocumentpriortotheupdate
Thenewguideremovesthevoltageandratedpower
limitsasitisapplicableonamorewidespreadbasis

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerSpecification

Whatisthemainpurposeofaspecification?
ShouldbeusedtoprovideinformationtoTenderers
on;
Whatisrequiredintermsofthekeyparametersofthe
transformer,e.g.Ratedvoltage,currentandpower;
impedance,tappingrange,losses,noiseetc.
Howthepurchaserwouldlikethistolookintermsof
constructionstyle,generalarrangement
Anylimitationsinthedesignandmanufacturingapproach
whichthepurchaserthinksisnecessary
Anyotheraspectsofthemanufacture,deliveryand
installationthatmayneedtobeadvised

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerSpecification

Whatisthemainpurposeofaspecification?
Shouldalsobeusedtoobtaininformationon;
Thetechnicalparametersofthetransformerbeingoffered
bythesupplier
Thetypeofancillaryequipmenttobefittedbythe
supplier,e.g.Tapchanger,bushings,oil,coolersetc.
Anyareaswherethesuppliercannotmeetthespecified
requirements,i.e.wherethesupplierdeemshisoffertobe
noncompliantforanyreason

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerSpecification

Butthereareoftenissuesofmisunderstandingor
evenmajorerrorsinmanyspecifications
Whyisthis?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Specifications TheCustomers
Perspective

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerSpecification

Whatisaspecification?
ASpecificationdetailswhatistobedoneandhow.
Itspecifiesapplicablestandards.

Orisit:
Anaccumulationofbadexperiencederivedfrom
manufactureandserviceperformance.........

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 UK BEBST2(1966)

TooPrescriptive
Constraintson
Innovation
Constraintson
Manufacturing
LessCompetitive

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TheSolution?

FunctionalSpecifications
Keepitsimple
Minimisesinputatspecificationtime
Shiftsrisktothesupplier
PutstheCustomerinthedrivingseat

Ordoesit?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 IssueswithFunctional
specifications(1)
Highdegreeoftechnicalexpertiserequired
Specificationsrequirefrequentrevision
Initialcomprehensivetenderevaluation
Detaileddesignreview
Manufacturinginspections
WitnessingofTypeandRoutinetests
RobustQualityAudits

Istheexperienceavailable?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 IssueswithFunctional
specifications(2)
Cultural&Languageissues
LostinTranslation
Facetofacemeetings
Leavenothingtochance

Procurement&PurchasingChallenges
GlobalMarketPlace
LowestCost>Bestvalueformoney?
Whatisthelowestcost?>Lowestcapitalcostor
lowestlifetimecost

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 FunctionalSpecifications
Howdoestheexperienceofusing
functionalspecificationsovertimechange
thepurchasersviewofthismethodof
specification?
Needtobemoreprescriptivetoremoveissuesthat
havearisen
Needtobemoredescriptiveaboutwhatisandwhatis
notacceptable
Butthisisseenbyprocurementpeopleasanti
competitiveandleadingtohighertenderprices
Intryingtoremoveuncertainty,evenmoreuncertainty
isadded!

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Functionalspecifications
TheEvolution
Movebacktoamoredetailedspecification
Cultural&Languageissues
Ensurethatrequirementsspecifiedareclearand
unambiguous
Leavenothingtochance
Procurement&Purchasing
ReducestheField
Reducestheinfiltrationofnoncompliance
Potentiallyincreasesthequalityoftheproduct

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Functionalspecifications
TheEvolution
WheredoestheEvolutiontakeus?
Forward?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Functionalspecifications
TheEvolution
WheredoestheEvolutiontakeus?
Orbacktothefuture?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Specifications The
ManufacturersPerspective

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 PurposeoftheSpecification

Whatisthepurposeofthespecification?Isit:
Toprescribetothemanufacturerexactlywhattomake&
howtosetaboutmakingit?
Toconfusethetransformersuppliersuchthattheyhaveto
takeabestguessonwhatisrequired?
Totrickthetransformersupplierintomissingsomething
thattheclientcanthenclaimtheyshouldhavebeenaware
ofbecauseitwasinthespecification?
Toprovideafunctionalframeworktoenablepotential
supplierstobidforatransformerwhichfulfilsthesystem
requirementsandinterfacerequirements?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TypesofSpecification

Somespecificationsrecentlyreceived:
Theoneliner
Themultidocumentrefertothis,refertothat,refertothe
other
Thenevermissasinglenationalorinternationalstandard
and/orspecificationthatwayyoullneverhave
overlookedanything!
Thedusteddownblastfromthepast
Theperfectspecification?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 RespecttheSpecification

Thespecificationisthekeystoneinthetechnical
understandingofanypotentialcontract,thereforeit
should:
Beclearandunambiguous
Usesimplelanguagewhichisdifficulttomisinterpret
Definelimitationsintermsofthedesigncriteria
Identifyinterfacepointsandrequirements
Recognisesitespecificrequirementswhen
possible

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 UnderstandyourSpecification

Thespecificationisthepurchasersopportunitytoget
therightequipmentwiththeminimumofproblems:
Enlistsupport
Technicalexperts
Manufacturers
Bepreparedtotearupexistingspecifications
Avoidmultitudesofpretenderquestionsbyarrivingata
clearspecification
CheckTenderers understandingandofferswithpost
tendermeetings dontassume
Bepreparedtorobustlydefendaspecification

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 HowtouseTB528

Theguideisstructuredinamannerthatcouldbeusedasthe
formatforapurchasespecification
Theguideprovideslistsofitemsthatneedtobeconsideredin
eachsectionanddiscusseskeypoints
Theguideincludesasuggested/recommendedsetof
schedulesforinclusioninaspecificationfortheTenderer to
complete
Thecomplexityofthespecificationneedstotakeintoaccount
thecriticalityoftheapplicationandanyunusualaspects
Thereisaneedforadegreeofexpertinputtoany
specificationproducedbytheguideinordertofullyensure
theunitprocuredissuitablefortheintendedpurpose.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 HowtouseTB528(2)

Followtheguideandyouwillendupwithagood
specification,but
Needtoensurethatthelevelofdetailincludedinyour
specificationisconsistentwithyourrequirements
Needtounderstandthetechnicalissuesinsomeareasto
beabletocorrectlyspecifyforit whattheguidedoesis
drawsattentiontothearea
Theguidecannotcovereveryeventualityandifthereis
anyuncertaintyaboutanyaspectthenseekadditional
assistance

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 DesignReview

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TB529

Whathasbeenprepared?
Amuchmoredetaileddesignreviewguidebasedon
theworkdoneinproducingTB407 HVDCconverter
transformers guidelinesfordesignreview
Thenewguidewillhelpimprovethequalityofdesign
reviewscarriedoutinthefuture
Thisinturnshouldmeanbettermorereliable
transformersarecommissioned

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhatisaDesignReview?
DesignReview
Thekeystepintheprocurementprocessensuringyouget
whatyouwantandneed!
Thelastchancetochangethedesignatminimumcost
Anyothermodificationsaftermanufacturewillbemore
expensive,ifnotimpossible
Ensurethesupplierhascorrectlyinterpretedthe
specificationinallaspects
TB529providesallthenecessaryguidance

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhatisaDesignReview?

Ajointreviewoftheproposeddesignoftransformer
betweenthemanufacturerandthepurchaserto:
Assesscompliancewithspecificationsandstandards
Understandqualityissues
Ensurebothsidesagreeonwhatisbeingsupplied
Guidesuggeststhatitshouldbeconvenedandchairedby
thePurchaser,buttheremaybetimeswhenthismayneed
tobemanufacturerled
Shouldbeheldatthemanufacturersfactory

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 IsaDesignReviewneeded?

Seenbysomeutilitymanagersasawasteoftime
Commentsarisesuchas:
Doyoureallyneedtodothis?
Canttheycometoouroffice?
Youdonthavethetimetodothis,Ineedxxxdoneinstead
Somesupplierstrytorequestdesignreviewsbut
nevermanagetosucceed.
Manufacturersometimeshastoguesswhatthecustomer
reallymeansinthespecification
Designreviewhelpsbothmanufacturerand
purchaser

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 ObjectivesofaDesignReview

1. Toensurethatthereisaclearandmutualunderstandingofthe
technicalrequirements
2. Toverifythesystemandprojectrequirementsasperspecification
andtoindicateareaswherespecialattentionmayberequired
3. Toverifythatthedesigncomplieswithtechnicalrequirements
4. Toidentifyanyprototypefeaturesandevaluatetheirreliabilityand
risks
5. Toidentifyrelevantdesignmarginsvs thetestrequirementsand
thedesignmarginspossiblesignificanceforthelifetime
performanceofthetransformer.Toidentifypossiblebetterments.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhydoaDesignReview?

Toverifythatthedesigncomplieswiththetechnical
requirements
Toidentifyanyprototypefeaturesandevaluatetheir
reliabilityandrisks
Tointerchangeexperiencesthatcanbeusedtoidentify
eventualbettermentsinthedesignand,orimprovementsand
changesinthespecification
Forpurchasertobetterunderstandthetechnicalcapabilities
ofthemanufacturer

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhydoaDesignReview?

Toensuresupplierhasfullyandcorrectlyunderstoodthe
customerrequirements
Toensurethecustomerfullyunderstandswhatthe
manufacturerintendstodobeforemanufacturing
commences
Todevelopunderstandingandenhancethecustomer/
supplierrelationship
Toagreehowthefinalacceptancetestswillbecarriedout
Thedesignreviewisthe mostimportantstepinensuringthe
finaltransformermeetstheoriginallydefinedrequirements.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhentodoaDesignReview

Variousreviewscantakeplaceduringthecontractual
discussionperiod,bothbeforeoraftercontractaward
Afulldesignreviewisbestleftuntil:
Themanufacturerhascompletedthefulldesign,includingelectrical,
thermalandmechanicaldesigns
Themanufacturerhascompletedthedimensionaldrawingsandthe
ratingplatediagram
Butitshouldbedonebefore anykeymaterialandcomponentsare
ordered

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 FormatofaDesignReview

Itmaybeusefultosplitthereviewintotwopartswhichmay
takeplacewithsometimebetween
Electricalreview toreviewthebasicdesignoftheactivepart
oftheunitintermsofdielectric,thermalandmechanical
designrules typeofbushings,OLTCpositioninthewindings
etc.Thisstagewillallowthepurchasertoorderthelonglead
timeitemsbeforethemechanicalreviewtakesplace.
Mechanicalreview toreviewthegeneralarrangementof
thetransformer,thetankandallancillarycomponentssuchas
coolers,fans,pumps,controlcabinets,pipeworketc.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 ConcernsofaDesignReview

Thereareanumberofissuesthatneedtobeclarifiedinorder
tofacilitateagooddesignreview
Protectionofintellectualpropertyandknowhow
Informationmadeavailableonaneedtoknowbasis
Confidentialityagreementsneeded?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TopicsforDesignReview
Purchaserspecification.
Supplierquotation.
Applicablestandards.
Plans(quality,production,test,transportandsiteerectionandcommissioning).
Systemdata.
Environmentaldata.
Transformerdesign.
Transformerancillariesandaccessories.
Manufacturingmethods.
Testing.
Transportation.
Siteerectionandcommissioning.
Riskassessments.
Methodsstatements(howyoudoitandwhy).
Healthandsafetyrequirements.
Operationsandmaintenance(O&M)manuals.
Contractdocuments(drawing,photographsetc.).

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 HowtouseTB529

Theguideliststhebasicissuesforallaspectsofthe
designthatneedtobeconsideredinareview
Guideincludesindicativescheduleswhichshouldform
thebasisofadesignreview
Eachpurchasershoulddevelophisowndesignreview
schedulesbasedontheexamplegiven
Complexityofthedesignreviewdependsonthe
criticalityandcostofthetransformerbeingprocured,
andonhowunusualthedesignis
Guideprovideslistsofitemsthatshouldbeconsideredin
anindepthdesignreview

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Theassessmentofmanufacturers
capability

Manufacturingplantassessments

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TB530

Whathasbeenprepared?
Acomprehensivedocumenttoguideinexperienced
engineersthroughthecomplexprocessofassessing
thecapabilityofaspecificfactory
Tohelpfocustheengineeronthekeyissuesdependingon
hisspecificneedsandthefactorymethodsadopted
Toassistmanufacturersunderstandtheassessmentwhich
customersmaybeundertakingoftheirfactory

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TB530

Whathasnot beenproduced?
Amethodologyofassessingandrankingfactoriesfor
publicationtosupport/enhanceexistingISOaccreditation
Theguidecouldbeusedasthebasisforsomeformof
independentthirdpartyassessmentsystem,butthiswill
requirealotmorework whoshoulddothis?
Itisalsomuchmorecontroversial!
ItisconsideredthatthisissomethingthatCigr willnot
wanttoundertakeasitisoutsidescopeofCigr

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 CapabilityAssessment
Introduction
TheKeyQuestionis:
FromwhomshouldIpurchaseoneofthese?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 CapabilityAssessment

AgendaofCapabilitySection
Introduction whyisitsodifficulttofindasupplier?
WhentoInspect?
HowtoInspect?
Whattolookfor? outlineofCigr TB530
Conclusions

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whyisitsodifficulttofinda
supplier?
Nothingnewabouttransformers havebeen
manufacturedsincethe1880s

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whyisitsodifficulttofinda
supplier?
Nothingnewaboutlargetransformers havebeen
manufacturedsincethe1920s
Developmentoftransmissionnetworksinindustrialised
countrieswasmostintensivein194570

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whyisitsodifficulttofinda
supplier?
AgeprofileofUKtransmissiontransformerpopulation

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whyisitsodifficulttofinda
supplier?
Manymanufacturerswereestablishedtomeethigh
demandduringthisperiod.
Reduceddemandintheperiodwhichfollowedresultedin
largescaleconsolidation.
Increasedinternationalcompetitionformanufacturersin
industrialisedcountriesfollowedthecollapseofCommunist
governmentsinCentralandEasternEuropein1989.
ThecreationofthesingleEuropeanMarketin1992.
ThefoundingoftheWorldTradeOrganisationin1994.
Allofthiscreatedpressureforfurtherlargescale
consolidation.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whyisitsodifficulttofinda
supplier?
HSPT worksatWalthamstowclosesin2003,afterbuilding
transformerssince1919.Owners(FKI)withdrawfromlarge
transformermanufacturing.

ThreeoutoffourlargetransformerfactoriesinUKclose200203.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhentoInspect?
OpenTenders
Besttimeforinspectionisprobablyfollowingtenderevaluation.
Maywaiveinspectionforestablishedsuppliers.

InvitedTenders/FrameWorkAgreements
Besttimeforinspectionisprobablyaspartoftheprequalification
process,beforetheinvitationtender/finalnegotiationsconcerning
theframeworkagreement.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 WhentoInspect?
ManagingNewSuppliers
Someusersplacetrialorderswithnewsupplierstoevaluatetheir
performancemorethoroughlythanispossiblewithaninspection.
Trialordermaybesubjecttoenhancedscrutinyduringmanufacture
andtest.

ReQualification
Thesituationwillchangeintimeandtheusermayneedtore
evaluatemanufacturerstoseethattheyarestillabletomeettheir
needs.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 HowtoInspect?
Realism Part1
Aimofprequalificationistoseewhetheraparticular
supplierisasuitablepartner.
Nosupplierisperfect;allhaveweaknesses.
Differentsuppliershavedifferentweaknesses.
Certainweaknessescanbeovercome,e.g.byenhanced
designreviewormanufacturinginspections.
Certainweaknessesmaybeacceptableforcertain
transformers,butnotforothers.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 HowtoInspect?
Realism Part2
Noprequalificationprocess,nomatterhowthorough,will
findalloftheweaknessesofaparticularsupplier.
Ifauserwishestogoaheadanduseaparticularsupplier
aboutwhomtheyhavedoubts,atrialordermightbeagood
solution.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor?
Themainareastoconsider,include:
ISOcertification;Qualitymanagement
Basictechnology,design
Purchasing
Manufacturing
Test
Environmentalprotection
Humanresourcemanagement;Health,safetyandworking
environment
Transport,storage,installationandcommissioning;
Warranty

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor? Quality
Almostevery
transformerfactoryin
theWorldhasanISO
9001certificate
Checkissuingauthority,
dateandscope
Manymanufacturers
arealsocertifiedtoISO
14000(environment)
andOHSAS 18000
(healthandsafety)

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Howtoinspect quality
Specialemphasisisplacedontheroleofthemanufacturers
QualityManagerinprotectingthecustomersinterests.

ItisimportantthatthisManageris:
Suitablyqualifiedandexperienced(engineeringgraduateor
equivalent,registeredprofessionalengineer)
Dedicated(theroleistooimportanttocombinewiththatof
engineeringorproductionmanager)
Permanent(theroleistooimportantforasixmonth
secondment)
Respected(sitsonmainmanagementboard)

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor
basictechnology
Whatbasictechnologydothemanufacturingplantuse?E.g.
Core/shellform,disc/layerwinding,etc.
Howwellisitdocumentedandunderstoodbythe
engineers?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor
basictechnology
Tokeepupwithtrendsintheindustry,allsuppliersneedto
invest,directlyorindirectly,inresearchanddevelopment.
Askthemfordetailsofrecentprojectsandrecenttechnical
publicationsbytheirstaff.
Checkthesehavebeenpublishedinmajorjournalsorat
majorconferences.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor engineering
Doesthemanufacturerhaveaproventrackrecordwith
similardesigns?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor design
Designcalculationsaremostlymadeusing
specialisedcomputersoftware,ratherthan
withpencilandpaper.
Thesuppliermusthaveadequatedesign
softwareandanadequatedesignmanual.
Someaspectsofdesignrequiredetailed
computermodelling,e.g.shortcircuit
withstand,lightningimpulsewithstand.
Themanufacturingplantmusthave
adequatecapabilities.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor supplychain
Whodoeswhat?
Whatisdoneinhouse?
Whatissubcontracted?
Howaresuppliersselected?
Howistheirperformancereviewed?

Doesthemanufacturingplantenjoyharmonious,
longtermrelationshipswiththeirmainsuppliers?
Ordotheysimplyprocuretheirmaterialsona
spotmarketbasis?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor
manufacturing
Therearelotsofveryspecificpointswhichanexperienced
inspectorwilllookfor(afulllistisincludedinTB530).

Ingeneral,thesecanbegroupedintothreeareas:

Cleanliness
Organisation
BuildQuality

Everythingelsefollowsfromthesethree........

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor
manufacturing
Cleanliness

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor
manufacturing
Lackofcleanliness

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor
manufacturing
DrawingGANTTchartsiseasy,makingthefactoryrunaccording
totheGANTTchartismuchharder

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor test
Usersshouldcheckthatthemanufacturerisabletoperformall
oftheroutineandtypesteststheyrequire.
Particularlyimportantifthepurchaserintendstopurchase
transformerswhichareclosetothelimitsofthemanufacturers
experience.
Therearetwotestswhichdeterminethemaximumsizeof
transformerwhichcanbeproduced:
Temperaturerisedeterminesthemaximumrating,following
fromtheamountofreactivecompensationthemanufacturer
cansupply
Lightningandswitchingimpulsedeterminethemaximum
voltage

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor test
Thekeyprincipleshouldbe:

Iftheycanttestit,..theycantmanufactureit!

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor test
Therearetwomaintypesoftestarea:
Separatetestlaboratory
Thebestsolution allowsbackgroundnoiseandpartial
dischargetobeexcluded,sotransformerscanbetested
withoutdisruptingproduction.Alsogoodforpreventing
unauthorised access.
Testcornerinmainassemblyworkshop
Maybeacceptableforsmallertransformersorforspecial
productlines.Notideal.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor test
Thisiswhatweliketosee..

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor
health&safety
Nooneintheirrightmindwantstoseethis..

Ifthefactorydoesnotcareaboutitsemployees,doesitcare
aboutthequalityofyourtransformer?
TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich
 Whattolookfor transport
Oncethetransformerhaspassedtest,itneedstobemoved
fromthefactorytotheuserssite.Needtoenquirewhich
transportmethodsareavailableandwhetheranyparticular
limitsonmassordimensionsapply.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor installation

Oncethetransformerhasreachedsite,
itneedstobeinstalled.Needto
enquirehowthemanufacturewould
dothis.

Ifthemanufacturerisunfamiliarwith
workinginthecountrywherethe
transformeristobeinstalledthenit
mightbebetteriftheyusedareliable
localpartnerforsomeorallofthe
work.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 Whattolookfor performance

AspartoftheirISO9000complianceprocess,most
manufacturerscompileoverallperformancestatistics.
Transformerusersmaybeparticularlyinterestedinthe
following:
Testfailurerate
Servicefailurerate(orpossiblerateofwarrantyclaims)
Ontimedeliveryrate
Notes:
Differentmanufacturersmaynotcompilethesestatistics
onthesamebasis.
Thereisnoclearconsensusonwhatconstitutesafailure

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 CapabilityConclusion

ThenewCIGRTB530shouldbeabigstepforwardforthe
industry,improvingthequalityofmanufacturersandallowing
userstogetbestvaluefortheirmoney.

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich

 TransformerProcurementProcess
Tutorial
ANYQUESTIONS?

TransformerProcurementProcess TutorialSession11th September2013Zurich