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PRISM AND PYRAMIDS

PRISM:- It has base and top of polygon(triangle, square, rectangle, hexagon, etc) and faces equal to the
number of sides in base/top. For e.g if the base is a triangle then the number of side faces is 3.
Volume = Area of base*height
CSA = Perimeter of base*height
TSA= CSA+2*Area of base
Applications are cuboid, cube, cylinder.

Pyramid:- It has a point at the top and base is a polygon(triangle, square, rectangle, hexagon, etc).
1
Vol= 3* area of base*height
1
CSA= * perimeter of base*slant height
2
TSA= CSA + Area of base
Application is cone.

Note:- 1. If the polygon is regular(all sides equal) i.e equilateral or square than the faces will have the
same slant height otherwise it may have more than one slant height for different faces.
2. Height will be same whether the base is regular or not.
3. slant height is the height of the lateral faces
4. slant edge is the length of the side of lateral faces
5. height is the distance between the top and the point which is equidistant from the vertices/sides of
the base.
Pyramid of base equilateral triangle
a) Height of the pyramid can be calculated in two ways

1) slant height and inradius...................r= 2 3

2) slant edge and circumradius..............R= 3

l2=r2+h2 a2=R2+h2

b) triangular pyramid has 4 surfaces, if all the faces are equilateral then it is called regular tetrahedron.
3
slant height of regular tetrahedron =
2
2
height of tetrahedron =
3
slant edge = a
1 1 3 2 2 3
Volume of regular tetrahedron =3 * area of base * height = 3* 4
* 3
=6 2
3
V=
6 2
3 3 2
CSA = 4
2
TSA= 3

c) if the base is isosceles triangle, then it will have two slant height and if the base is scalene triangle
then it will have three slant heights. Questions are not generally asked on these type of bases. Only
equilateral triangle is important.
Pyramid of square base:
a) Height of square pyramid can also be calculated by two ways
1) slant height and half of side
2) slant edge and half of diagonal of base.

2 2
l2 = +h2 x2 = +h2
2 2

Pyramid of rectangular base


1) In this case we will have two different slant heights since rectangle has two different sides.

2) CSA = 2*Area of triangle on AB + 2*Area of triangle on BC


3) TSA = CSA+Area(ABCD)
1
4) V= *Area(ABCD) *height
3
5) height of pyramid will be calculated same as in case of square pyramid in two ways
Pyramid of hexagonal base:
1) Height can be calculated in two ways

2
3
l2 = 2
+h2 x2= h2+a2

volume, surface area and curved surface area is calculated in same way as in other cases.

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