Automobile Engineering

ME-4015
Engine Cooling
Systems

Dr. Sobahan Mia

Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
KUET, Khulna
 Automotive Engine Cooling System

Due to combustion of fuel in the cylinders of the engine, a

considerable amount of heat is produced. About 35% of
the heat is transferred to the cylinder walls which
constitutes the power loss.

Lubricant might burn because of excessive heat.

While the engine is running, heat should be continuously
removed from the engine. For this purpose various
methods of cooling the engine are utilized.
Purpose of Cooling System

The cooling system keeps the engine at its most

efficient temperature at all speed and operating
conditions. Burning fuel in the engine produces
heat. Some of this heat must be taken away
before it damages engine parts.
It also helps bring the engine up to normal
operating temperature as quickly as possible.
Cooling system provides a source of heat for the
passenger-compartment heater and air
conditioner.
Cooling System

Types of Cooling
Cooling by air: For air cooling, the cylinder is cast
with a number of fins surrounding it. This type of
cooling is used in motor cycle and scooters.
- Cooling by water: In water cooling system, water
jackets are provided in the cylinder block and the
cylinder head. Water fills up these jackets and the heat
from the cylinder is transferred to the water in the
water jackets thus cooling the cylinder.

Thermosiphone system, Pump cooling, use of fan and

radiators are usually used in cooling system.
Air Cooled Engine
Thermosiphon Cooling
 Cooling Systems
The cooling system uses five basic parts to do its job of controlling engine
temperature.
1. Water Jackets: Water jackets that surround the cylinder and
combustion chamber Water mixed with antifreeze (the coolant) flows
the water jackets, picking up heat. This cools the metal parts and heats
the coolant.
2. Water pump: An engine driven water pump pushes the hot coolant out
of the water jackets and through the radiator.
3. Thermostat: A thermostatic valve called a thermostat controls coolant
flow.
4. Radiator: The radiator is a heat exchanger with two sets of passages,
coolant and outside air. The coolant circulates continuously between the
water jackets and the radiator.
5. Fan: A fan pulls or pushes outside air through the radiator. This
improves engine cooling, especially at idle and low speed.
Engine Coolant Flow
Engine Cooling System
Vehicle Cooling System
 Radiator
The radiator has very fine pipes and is available in various designs in
order to enable the water to pass through very minute parts. Radiator
pressure cap consists of a vacuum valve, pressure valve, filler cap seat and
over flow pipe.
Fuel Gauges and Displays
Antifreeze

To Prevent freezing of water in the cooling system,

antifreeze is added to form the coolant. The coolant is
the liquid that circulates through the cooling system.
It removes waste heat from the engine and delivers the
heat through radiator hose to the radiator.
The most commonly used antifreeze is ethylene glycol.
A mixture of half water and half ethylene glycol is the
recommended coolant for year round use in most car.
The mixture will not freeze above -37 deg C.
 Antifreeze
The recommended coolant Performs three basic jobs:
(i) It lowers the freezing point of the engine coolant to -37
deg C.
(ii) It raises the boiling point of the engine coolant to 108
deg C. This makes the coolant less likely to boil away in
hot weather.
(iii) It helps protect the cooling system metals from
deposits and corrosion.
Types of Antifreeze
There are two types of ethylene glycol antifreeze. (i) High
silicate and (ii) Low silicate.
 Causes of Engine Overheat
(i) Low coolant level due to leakage of coolant.
(ii) Accumulation of rust and scale which prevents normal
circulation of coolant.
(iii) Collapsed hoses which prevent normal coolant
circulation.
(iv) Thermostat stuck closed, blocking coolant circulation.
(v) Defective water pump that does not circulate enough
coolant.
(vi) A loose or worn drive belt that slip.
(vii) After boil and frozen coolant.