Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bribery and corruption are pervasive but some areans tend to more issues
than others. A 2013 Ernst and Young study has stated in its report that the
industries perceived to be the most vulnerable to corruption are the
infrastructure and Real Estate, Metals and Mining, Aerospace and Defence and
Power and Utilities. Some specific factors may be mentioned that make a sector,
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more susceptible to bribery and corruption risks than others. Some factors which
are responsible for the rampant corruption in certain vulnerable sectors are due
to the presence of middlemen, large value contracts and liasoning activities.
Centre for Media Study India (CMS India) claims in its 2010 India Corruption
Study report that socio-economically weaker sections of the Indian Society are
the mostly adversely affected by corruption in government.These include the
rural and urban poor, although the study claims that nationwide perception of
corruption has come down between 2005 and 2010. But in recently corruption
has increased ten folds since 2010 and continues to grow relentlessly on a daily
basis.
Public Servants in India can be imprisoned for several years and penalized
for corruption, under the following Acts namely:
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4. The Benami Transaction (Prohibition) Act 1988 to prohibit benami
transactions.
5. Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
Punishment for bribery in India can range from six months to seven years.
The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 which came into force from 16
January 2014 seeks to provide for the establishment of the institution of Lokpal to
inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries.
At present, there are no legal provisions to check graft in the private sector
in India. Government has proposed amendments in existing acts and certain new
bills for checking corruption in private sector. Big-ticket corruption in India is
mainly witnesses in the operations of large commercial or corporate entities. In
order to prevent bribery on supply side, it is proposed that key managerial
personnel companies and also the company shall be held liable for offering bribes
to gain undue benefits.
The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 provides that the properties
of corrupt public servants shall be confiscated. However, the Government is
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considering incorporating provisions for confiscation or forfeitures of the property
of corrupt public servants into the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 to make it
more self-contained and comprehensive.
PROBLEM OF CORRUPTION:
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Indias 524 members of parliament were accused of various crimes, under Indias
First Information Report procedure wherein anyone can allege another to have
committed a crime. Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved high
level government officials including Cabinet Ministers and Cjhief Ministers, such
as the 2G Spectrum Scan (1.7 lakh crore) (US$ 27 billion), the 2010 Common
Wealth Games Scam (70,000 crore (US$ 1 billion), the Adarsh Housing Society
Scam, the Coal Mining Scam (1.86 lack crore (US$ 29 billion), the Mining scandal
in Karnataka and the Cash for Vote Scams.
1. BUREAUCRACY:
Government regulations and also the police share in bribe money to the
extent of 43 percent and 45 percent each respectively. It may be noted that the
enroute stoppages at check points and entry points can take up to 11 houses per
day. About 60% of these (forced) stoppages on roads by concerned authorities
such as government regulations, police, forest, sales and excise, octroi and
weighing and measuring departments are for extorting money. The loss in
productivity due to these stoppages is an important matter of national concern,
the number of truck trips could increase by 40 percent, it forced delays are
avoided. Interesting it is to note that, according to a 2007 report published by the
World Bank, the travel time for a Delhi-Mumbai trip could be reduced by about 2
days per trip if the corruption and associated regulatory stoppages to exact bribes
were eliminated.
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Unit C : GLOBALISATION AND ADMINISTRATION :
2 A bigger challenge lies in the change in the character and activities of the
state and of public administration from civil administration to non-civil
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administration. For several decades, the traditional administrative state
balanced corporate elite interests with broad public interests thus
providing the social and political stability necessary for capital accumulation
and system legitimacy. And it played a key role in system maintenance and
regime enhancement. Now the balanced administrative state has been
replaced by the corporate-coercive state which is characterized by a
massively growing coercive bureaucracy in harge of incarcerating millions
of citizens considered potential threats to social order. Thus public
administration is being transformed from traditional civil administration to
non civil administration of the public not their affairs for social control and
facilitation of capital accumulation. This is a major change in the character
of the state and should be resulted by all public administrators with a
social, conscience.
3 The globalizing state has forced public administration to do more with less.
Indeed, public administration must perform the impossible tank of high
output under severe psychological conditions of fear and downsized
personnel setting them up for failure only to prove the corporate claim of
government inefficiency. Public administrations can and should document
their records of high performance as well as failure of the corporate market
place.
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from their Organisational and technical skills. The excesses of globalisation
and market failure will invite more government, intervention. A
professionally sound, public admistration should be ready for future action.
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dealing with global corporations. They should also treat citizens with
respect and efficiently.
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10. Globalisation challenges the human conscience of the public administration
community. There are many issues that challenge their conscience
including the conditions and deprivations of the poor.
12. Globalisation does not end the state and public administration. There is a
new global challenge that broadens public administrations scope of
research, practice and teaching. We hope that prosperity for all will be the
outcome.
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TEXTS/ ESSENTIAL READINGS
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20 Hans Gadamer: Truth and Method
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40 R.G. Gettell : Introduction to Political Science
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