Problem 1 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)

A rocket is fired into the air, and its height in meters at any given time t
can be calculated using the formula h(t) = 1600 + 196t 4.9t2. Find the
maximum height of the rocket and the time at which it occurs.

Solution:
h(20) = 1600 + 196t 4.9t 2
dh
= 196 - 9.8t
dt
t = 20 sec.

h(20) = 1600 + 196(20) 4.9(20)2

h = 3560 m.





















Problem 2 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
Max wants to make a box with no lid from a rectangular sheet of
cardboard that is 18 inches by 24 inches. The box is to be made by cutting
a square of side x from each corner of the sheet and folding up the sides.
Find the value of x that maximizes the volume of the box.

Solution:

18-2x 18

x
x 24-2x x
24

V = (24 - 2x)(18 - 2x)(x)

V = 4x 3 - 84x 2 + 432x
dV
= 12x 2 - 168x + 432 = 0
dx
x = 3.4






Problem 3 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of y = x3 x on the
interval [- 3, 3].

Solution:
y = x3 - x
dy
= 3x 2 - 1 = 0
dx
1
x=
3
At x = - 3 y = - 24
x=3 y = 24
1
The function has a local min. at x = and absolute min. when x = - 3.
3

1
The function has a local min. at x = - and absolute max. at x = 3
3


Ans: absolute max. at x = 3
Absolute min. at x = - 3












Problem 4 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
A rectangle is to be inscribed in a semicircle with radius 4, with one side
on the semicircles diameter. What is the largest area this rectangle can
have?
y

Solution: x2+y2=16
y = 16 - x 2
A = 2xy y

A = 2x 16 - x 2 x x x

A1 = xy
A = 2x 16 - x 2
dA x(- 2x)
= + 16 - x 2 (1) = 0 Area = 2A
dx 16 - x 2
2(4) 32
2x 2 = 16 - x 2 Area =
3 3
3x 2 = 16
2(4) (16)(2)
2 16 Area =
x = 3
3
4 2(4)(4) 2
x= Area =
3
3
Area = 15.08 say 16
16
y = 16 -
3
32
y=
3


Problem 5 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
A poster is to contain 100 square inches of picture surrounded by a 4-inch
margin at the top and bottom and a 2-inch margin on each side. Find the
overall dimensions that will minimize the total area of the poster.

Solution:
xy = 100 x
2 2
A = (x +4)(y + 8)
A = xy + 4y + 8x + 32 4
x(100) 4(100)
A= + + 8x + 32
x x
400 y
A = 100 + + 8x + 32
x
400
A = 132 + + 8x
x
dA 400 4
=0- 2 +8=0
dx x
8x 2 = 400
x = 50
100 50
y=
50 50
100
y= 50
50
y = 2 50

Ans : 4 + 50 by 2 50 + 8

Problem 6 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
A circular pool of water is expanding at the rate of 16 in2/sec. At
what rate is the radius expanding when the radius is 4 inches?

Solution:
A = r2
dA dr
= 2r
dt dt
dr
16 = 2(4)
dt
dr
= 2 in / sec.
dt






















Problem 7 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
A 25-foot long ladder is leaning against a wall and sliding toward the floor.
If the foot ladder is sliding away from the base of the wall at a rate of
15 ft/sec, how fast is the top of the ladder sliding down the wall when the
top of the ladder is 7 feet from the ground?

Solution:
Bldg.

25
y=7 dy/dt

dx/dt

x 2 + y 2 = (25)2
when y = 7
dx dy
2x + 2y =0 x 2 = (25)2 - (7)2
dt dt
dy x = 24
24(15) + 7 = 0
dt

dy 360
=- = - 51.43
dt 7




Problem 8 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
A spherical balloon is expanding at a rate of 60 in3/sec. How fast is the
surface area of the balloon expanding when the radius of the balloon is 4
inches?

Solution:
4
V = r3
3
S = 4 r 2
dV 4 2 dr
r
= (3)r
dt 3 dt
2 dr
60 = 4(4)
dt
dr 15
=
dt 16
dS dr
= 4(2)(4)
dt dt
dS 8(15)
= (4) = 30 in2 / sec.
dt 16












Problem 9 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
An underground conical tank, standing on its vertex, is being filled with
water at the rate of 18 ft3/min. If the tank has a height of 30 ft. and a
radius of 15 ft., how fast is the water level rising when the water is 12 ft.
deep in feet/min?

Solution:
2
15
y r
y
2
V=
3
3
V= y
12
h=30
r2 h
V= y=12
3
y 30
=
r 15
y = 2r
y
r=
2
dV 2 dy
= 3y
dt 2 dt

dy
18 = (3)(12)2
12 dt
dy
= 0.5 ft / min.
dt


Problem 10 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
A circle is increasing in area at the rate of 16 in2/sec. How
fast is the radius increasing when the radius is 2 inches?

Solution:
A = r2
dA dr
= 2r
dt dt
dr
16 = (2)(2)
dt
dr
= 4 in / sec.
dt




















Problem 11 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
A rocket is rising vertically at a rate of 5,400 miles per hour. An observer
on the ground is standing 20 miles from the rockets launch point. How
fast (in radians per second) is the angle of elevation between the ground
and the observers line of sight of the rocket increasing when the rocket is
at an elevation of 40 miles?

Solution:
h
tan =
20
d 1 dh
sec 2 =
dt 20 dt h
dh 5400
= = 1.5 m/sec.
dt 3600
20
40
tan =
20
tan = 2
d dh / dt
sec
2
=
dt 20
sec 2 = 1 + tan2
sec 2 = 1 + (2)2 = 5

d 1.5
5 =
dt 20
d 3
= rad / sec.
dt 200


Problem 12 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
If the position of a particle at a time t is given by the equation
x(t) = t3 11t2 + 24t, find the velocity and the acceleration of the
particle at time t = 5.

Solution:
x(t) = t 3 - 11t 2 + 24t
dx
= 3t 2 - 22t + 24
dt
V = 3(5)2 - 22(5) + 24
V = - 11

a = 6t - 22
a = 6(5) - 22
a=8

Problem 13 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
If the position of a particle is given by x(t) = t3 12t2 + 36t + 18,
where t > 0, find the point at which the particle changes direction.

Solution:
It changes direction when the velocity is zero.
x(t) = t 3 - 12t 2 + 36t + 18
dx
= 3t 2 - 24t + 36 = 0
dt
t 2 - 8t + 12 = 0
t = 2 and t = 6

























Problem 14 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
How far does a particle travel between the eighth and tenth seconds if its
position function is x(t) = t2 6t?

Solution:
x(t) = t2 6t
V(t) = 2t 6
Velocity is negative if t < 3 and positive if t > 3.
Compute the absolute value of the distance traveled from t = 2 to t = 3 and
add to the absolute value of the distance traveled from t = 3 to t = 4.
x(t) = t2 6t

From t = 2 to t = 3
S1 = [(3)2 6(3)] [(2)2 6(2)]
S1 = (9 18) (4 12)
S1 = - 9 + 8 = - 1

From t = 3 to t = 4
S2 = |(4)2 6(4)| - |(3)2 6(3)|
S2 = (16 24) (9 18)
S2 = - 8 + 9 = 1
Total distance = S1 + S2 (but absolute values)
S=1+1=2






Problem 15 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
Find the velocity and acceleration of a particle whose
position function is x(t) = 2t3 21t2 + 60t + 3 for t > 0.

Solution:

x(t) = 2t3 21t2 + 60t + 3

V(t) = 6t2 42t + 60

a(t) = 12t - 42




















Problem 16 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
Find the time when the particles speed increasing if it has a position function
x(t) = 2t3 21t2 + 60t + 3.

Solution:
V(t) = 6t2 42t + 60
Set V = 0 (when it will stop)
6t2 42t + 60 = 0
t2 7t + 10 = 0
(t 2)(t 5) = 0
t=2 t=5

Set acceleration a = 0
a(t) = 12t 42 = 0
t = 7/2
Note: When the velocity and
when 2 < t < 7/2 acceleration will have opposite signs,
t=3 the particles speed is decreasing.
V = 6t2 42t + 60 When the velocity and acceleration
V = 6(3)2 42(3) + 60 have the same signs, the particles
V = - 12 (negative) speed is increasing.
Therefore, the time interval where the
a = 12t 42 velocity is increasing is 2 < t < 7/2
a = 12(3) 42 and t > 5.
a = - 6 (negative)

when t > 5
t=6
V = 6t2 42t + 60
V = 6(6)2 42(6) + 60
V = + 24 (positive)

a = 12t 42
a = 12(6) 42 = + 3 (positive)
Problem 17 Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
Given that the position of a particle is found by x(t) = t3 6t2 + 1, t > 0, find
the distance that the particle travels from t = 2 to t = 5.

Solution:
x(t) = t3 6t2 + 1
V(t) = 3t2 12t
Set V = 0 and find critical values.
3t2 12t = 0
t=0 t=4

Because the particle changes direction after 4 sec., we have to figure out
two time intervals separately from t = 2 to t = 4 and from t = 4 to t = 5 and
add the absolute values of the distances.

t = 4 and 2
S1 = [(4)3 6(4)2 + 1] [(2)3 6(2)2 + 1]
S1 = - 31 + 15 = 16

S2 = [(5)3 6(5)2 + 1] [(4)3 6(4)2 + 1]

S2 = - 24 + 31 = 7

Total distance that the particle travels = S1 + S2 = 16 + 7 = 23

Exercises

Find dy/dx if f(x) = ex3

y = e x3
dy/dx = ex3 (3x2)

Find dy/dx if f(x) = etan x

y = etan x
dy/dx = etan x sec2 x

Find the second derivative if f(x) = ex2

y = e x2
dy/dx = ex2 2x
y = 2x ex2
y = 2[(x)ex2 (2x) + ex2 (1)]
y = 4x2 ex2 + 2 ex2

Find the derivative of f(x) = log10 x

ln x
loga x =
ln a
1
log10 x =
x ln 10
1
y' =
x ln a
Exercises

Find the derivative of f(x) = log8 (x2 + x)

y = log 8 (x 2 + x)
ln x
y' =
ln a
2x + 1
y' = 2
(x + x) log8

Find y if f(x) = loge x

1 1
y' = =
x ln e x

Note :
1
loga x =
x ln a
1
loga u =
u ln a
2x + 1
y' = 2
(x + x) log8

Note: y = ax
y' = ax ln a dy/dx

y = au
y = au ln a du/dx
Exercises

f(x) = 3x
Find y = ?
y = 3x
y = 3x ln 3

y = 84x5
y = 84x5 ln 8 (20x4)

y = Sin x
y = Sin x Cos x ln

Find y if y = xx
y = ex ln x

x ln x = x(1/x) + ln x (1)
x ln x = 1 + ln x

y = ex ln x (1 + ln x)
y = xx (1 + ln x)