Analysis

Reactions of Transition Metal Ion has aims to study the reactions of transition metal salts,
recognize the formation of ion complexes of transition metals, and observe the color change
due to changes in the oxidation state of the transition metal compound.

First Experiment reaction metal transition ions

In this experiment used eight solution is CrCl3 blue solution, Mn(SO) 4 colorless solution, Fe
(NH3) 2SO4 yellow solution, FeCl3 yellow (-) solution , CoCl2 pink solution, NiCl2 green(-)
solution, CuSO4 blue (+) and ZnCl2 colorless solution.

a. Reaction with NaOH

Almost all complex compounds have a certain color. This is due to complex substances that
can absorb light in the visible region. The next reason is that the energy in the visible light
region is suitable for the excitation of electrons in d orbitals. The excitation energy derived
from low energy to high energy. The amount of energy to do promotion, namely , depending
on the central metal ion and depending on the type of ligand. Then to obtain the stability of the
electron energy levels experienced a shift from high to low, when switching from high to low
energy is there is excess energy in emisikan, so it can be seen as a color pda visible light region.
In this experiment transition metal ions to be reacted with the NaOH. Basically all of the
transition metal can form a precipitate when reacted with an alkali metal. The precipitate is
precipitated hydroxide.

In experiments on reaction with NaOH solution is colorless each solution was put into a test
tube eight different, then each tube is added with 3 drops of NaOH solution, so the solution
becomes:

CrCl3 blue solution

Addition of NaOH solution became dark green, precipitate there are deposits. This is due to
enter the orbital empty ligand right to obtain a precipitate. Then when the excess NaOH is
added as much as 3 drops of solution to dark green. This indicates that the complex compounds
have been formed and because of the shift of equilibrium to the initial shape so that the reaction:

[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)+ OH- [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq)

[Cr(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq) + OH- [Cr(H2O)2(OH)4](s)
 Mn(SO) 4 colorless solution

Addition of NaOH solution becomes brown(-) . This indicates if precipitated manganese (II)
hydroxide is not yet formed. Then when the excess NaOH is added as much as 3 drops of
solution becomes dark brown. The color is caused by the increasingly concentrated precipitate
rapidly oxidize when exposed to air. Reaction:

[Mn(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ OH- [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2](s)

[Mn(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH- [Mn(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

Fe(NH3)2SO4 yellow solution

Addition of NaOH solution became dark green (+). Then when the excess NaOH is added as
much as 3 drops of the solution became turbid dark green (++), which indicates that the
complex compound has been formed.

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ OH- [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]-(aq)

[Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]-(aq) + OH- [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

FeCl3 yellow(-) solution

Addition of NaOH solution becomes brown (+). Then when the excess NaOH is added as much
as 3 drops of the solution became brown (+++) there are precipitate. This is consistent with
existing theory that iron (III) when reacted with NaOH to produce a brown precipitate. So the
reaction:

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)+ OH- [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq)

[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3]-(aq) + OH- [Fe(H2O)2(OH)4](s)

CoCl2 pink solution

Addition of NaOH solution becomes tosca solution. Then when the excess NaOH is added as
much as 3 drops of solution into the green(++), precipitate. The precipitate was supposed pink,
but in this experiment did not produce a precipitate pink. This is because when the addition of
NaOH comes in contact with air so oxidized. Reaction:

[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ OH- [Co(H2O)4(OH)2](s)

[Co(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH- [Co(H2O)3(OH)3](s)
 NiCl2 green (-) solution

Addition of NaOH solution becomes green (-) , precipitate. Then when the excess NaOH is
added as much as 3 drops of solution into a green(--), precipitate . This consistent with the
theory that Ni will form a green precipitate when reacted with NaOH and insoluble in excess
reagent. Reaction:

[Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ OH- [Ni(H2O)4(OH)2](s)

[Ni(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH- [Ni(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

CuSO4 blue (+) solution

Addition of NaOH solution became blue(+),precipitate. Then when the excess NaOH is added
as much as 3 drops of the solution there are dark blue,precipitate. Indicating when added with
excess reagent insoluble. Reaction :

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ OH- [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2](s)

[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH- [Cu(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

ZnCl2 colorless solution

Addition of NaOH solution became turbid, precipitate. Then when the excess NaOH is added
as much as 3 drops of solution becomes turbid and there is a white precipitate. It should
precipitate soluble in excess alkali reagent for zinc (II) hydroxide is amphoteric. This
discrepancy is because the number of drops of NaOH added is still lacking. The following
reaction:

[Zn(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ OH- [Zn(H2O)4(OH)2](s)

[Zn(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH- [Zn(H2O)3(OH)3](s)

b. Reaction with ammonia

In this experiment, reaction with ammonia 2M colorless solution added 3 drops to each solution
sample in test tube. The sample solution becomes:

CrCl3 blue solution

Addition of ammonia solution becomes dark green. Then when the excess ammonia is added
as much as one drop of the solution became dark green, precipitate. It because when the
addition of ammonia comes in contact with air, so that oxidized. Reaction :

[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3 [Cr(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3NH4+

[Cr(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 6NH3 [Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq)

Mn(SO)4 colorless solution

Addition of ammonia solution became turbid yellow. Then when the excess ammonia is added
as much as one drop of the solution became dark brown there are precipitate of brown. The
formation of a brown solution and precipitate there is because when the addition of ammonia
comes in contact with air so that manganese is oxidized. Reaction :

[Mn(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + OH- [Mn(H2O)4(OH)2](s)

[Mn(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + OH- [Mn(H2O)3(OH)3]- (aq)

Fe(NH3)2SO4 yellow solution

Addition of ammonia solution became dark green (++). Then when the excess ammonia is
added as much as one drop of dark green solution became green, dark green precipitate. This
shows that the ammonium ion present in amounts much so, the dissociation of ammonium
hydroxide depressed and hydroxyl ion concentration becomes lower. Thus the precipitation
does not occur. But after adding the excess ammonia produces . Green, dark green solution.
Reaction :

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3 [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2](aq) + 2NH4+

[Fe(H2O)4(OH)2](aq) + 4NH3 [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]2+(s)

FeCl3 yellow (-)solution

Addition of ammonia solution became turbid brown (++) orange. Ammonia can act as a base
or as the ligand. With a little amount of ammonia, hydrogen ion by ion heksaaquo as in the
case of hydroxide ions to produce the same neutral complex. Then when the excess ammonia
is added as much as one drop of the solution becomes brown , brown precipitate. Reaction :

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3NH3 [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 3NH4+

[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 6NH3 [Fe(HN3)6]3+ (s)
 CoCl2 pink solution

Addition of ammonia solution becomes blue precipitate. This is consistent with the theory that
if CoCl2 solution was added with ammonia to produce a precipitate. Then when the excess
ammonia is added as much as one drop of the solution became blue, there are tosca precipitate
turquoise. This is because due to the shift balance to the initial shape and the number of drops
added NH3 is still lacking. Supposedly the addition of excess ammonia causes deposition late
because of the amount of ammonium ions in an amount more numerous and complex
compound will be formed in one step. The reaction :

Co2+(aq)+ 3NH3 + 2H2O [Co(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 2NH4+(aq)

[Co(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 6NH3(aq) [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq)

NiCl2 green (-) solution

Addition of ammonia solution becomes blue (-). Then when the excess ammonia is added as
much as one drop of the solution becomes tosca(++). The addition of excess reagent causes
deposition was getting late so that the number is increasing slightly. The reaction is:

Ni2+(aq)+ 2NH3 + 2H2O Ni(OH)2(s) + 2NH4+(aq)

Ni(OH)2(s) + 6NH3(aq) [Ni(NH3)6]2+(aq)

CuSO4 blue (+)solution

Addition of ammonia solution became dark blue, blue precipitate. These precipitate indicate
that the solution is neutral. Then when the excess ammonia is added as much as one drop of
the solution became tosca (++). This shows that the complex compound is formed directly.
Therefore, the solution is an acid salt CuSO4. Reaction :

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2NH3 [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + 2NH4+

[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2](s) + 4NH3 [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2]2+(aq)
 ZnCl2 colorless solution

Addition of ammonia solution becomes colorless, turbid. Then when the excess ammonia is
added as much as one drop of the solution became colorless, white precipitate. It should
precipitate dissolved in a solution of ammonia if excess. However, this did not happen because
of the added NH3 droplets still lacking. When NH3 is added excess once again then, the
precipitate will dissolve. Therefore, the concentration of hydroxyl ions will decrease to KSP
zinc (II) hydroxide is not reached, so it will produce teteraaminzinkat (II). Reaction:

Zn2+(aq)+ 2NH3 + 2H2O Zn(OH)2(s) + 2NH4+(aq)

Zn(OH)2(s) + NH3 [Zn(NHs)(OH)2](s)

c. Reaction with NH4CNS

In this experiment reaction of NH4CNS colorless solution added 3 drops to each solution
sample in test tube, and compared with Blanco solution.

Blanco

Experiment still using seven solution added with distilled water. CrCl3 blue solution become
light blue solution, Mn(SO)4 colorless solution still colorless solution , Fe(NH3)2SO4 yellow
become light yellow, FeCl3 yellow (-) solution become light yellow (-), CoCl2 pink solution
become light pink solution, NiCl2 green (-) solution become light green (-) and CuSO4 Blue
(+) solution become light blue (+) solution,

CrCl3 blue solution

Addition of ammonia thiocyanate 0.1 M solution becomes blue(-). In this case CrCl3 form
complexes with NH4CNS. Become blue (--) solution . Reaction:

[Cr(H2O)6]3+(aq)+ SCN- [Cr(H2O)5(SCN)]2+(aq)

Mn(SO)4 colorless solution

Addition of ammonia thiocyanate 0.1 M solution colorless. In this case the solution of Mn(SO)4
form complexes with NH4CNS. Become colorless solution Reaction:

[Mn(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ SCN- [Mn(H2O)5(SCN)]+(aq)

 Fe(NH3) 2SO4 yellow solution

Addition of ammonia thiocyanate 0.1 M solution colorless. In this case the solution of Fe(NH3)
2SO4 form complexes with NH4CNS. Become reddish brown (+) Reaction:

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)+ SCN- [Fe(H2O)5(SCN)]+(aq)

FeCl3 yellow solution

Addition of ammonia thiocyanate 0.1 M solution colorless. In this case the solution of FeCl 3
form complexes with NH4CNS. Become reddish brown . Reaction:

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)+ SCN- [Fe(H2O)5(SCN)]+(aq)

CoCl2 pink solution

Addition of ammonia thiocyanate 0.1 M solution colorless. In this case the solution of CoCl2
form complexes with NH4CNS. Become pink (+) solution. Reaction:

[Co(H2O)6]3+(aq)+ SCN- [Co(H2O)5(SCN)]+(aq)

NiCl2 green(-) solution

Addition of ammonia thiocyanate 0.1 M solution colorless. In this case the solution of NiCl2
form complexes with NH4CNS. Become green (- -) solution. Reaction:

[Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + SCN- [Ni(H2O)5(SCN)]+(aq)

CuSO4 Blue (+) solution

Addition of ammonia thiocyanate 0.1 M solution colorless. In this case the solution of NiCl2
form complexes with NH4CNS. Become green (-) Reaction:

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + SCN- [Cu(H2O)5(SCN)]+(aq)

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kimia_anorganik.html)(on line 24 April 2016)