ISDN PRIMARY RATE INTERFACE

DOCUMENTATION

Documentation Contents:

i) Introduction -ISDN

ii) PDC/PRI Characteristics

iii) Technical implementation in EWSD(Siemens)-PSTN Switch

iv) Technical implementation in HIPATH-4000(Siemens)-EPABX

v) PRI Types

vi) Advantages and Applications

vii) Modem/Router settings

INTRODUCTION :

ISDN, which stands for Integrated Services

Digital Network, is a system of digital phone connections which has been available for
over a decade. ISDN is defined in the I-series Recommendations of the Standardisation
Bureau of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), formerly the
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT). It is a plan for
organising digital technology to provide advanced services to sophisticated digital
terminals over an end-to-end digital network.This system allows voice and data to be
transmitted simultaneously across the world using end-to-end digital connectivity.With
ISDN, voice and data are carried by bearer channels (B channels) occupying a bandwidth
of 64 kb/s (bits per second). Some switches limit B channels to a capacity of 56 kb/s. A
data channel (D channel) handles signaling at 16 kb/s or 64 kb/s, depending on the
service type. Signalling system is Digital Subscriber Signalling No1 ie DSS1.
.

Basic ISDN Service Type

Basic Rate Interface (BRI)

Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

Basic Access (BRI)

Access of the "Basic Rate Access" (BRA) type is based

on the Basic Rate Interface (2B+D) and represents a switched connection for which
Client is provided a channel with the capacity of 160 Kbit per second that includes:

Two switched channels with the capacity of 64 Kbit per second called "B channels"
(2B) ,are used for transfer of data, voice, video - as desired by Client.They are
individually seized and swiched through per call.As as result ,two individual
connections may exist at any given time.

One control channel with the capacity of 16 Kbit per second called "D
channel" , is used for transfer of overhead synchronization information.data channel
is neither assigned to connection nor switched through.It does transmit signalling
data in single packet like units ie D channnel messages.These messages may
contain signalling data ie S data as well as packet oriented user data ie. P
data,provided that appropriate terminal equipment for packet oriented data
transmission is available.

Another 16 kbit/s channel is used for transmission of synchronization and

maintenance data for subscriber line.
 Under normal circumstances ie range < 7 km with 0.6 mm wire diameter or
Range < 4.2 km with 0.4 mm wire diameter,a conventional copper wire pair in digital
operation permits bit rate of 160 kbit/s in full duplex.The copper wire in this mode of
operation that involves B1,B2 and D channels (144 kbp/s net info) and synchronization and
maintenance data (160 kbits/s gross info) is called UK0 interface. Basically U interface is a
two-wire (single pair) interface from the Switch. It supports full-duplex data transfer over a
single pair of wires, therefore only a single device can be connected to a U interface. This
device is called an Network Termination(NT), NT converts 2 wire U interface to Four
wire S/T interface(192Kbps). The S/T interface supports multiple devices (up to 8 devices
can be placed on the S/T bus) because, while it is still a full-duplex interface, there is now a
pair of wires for receive data, and another for transmit data. All other communication
devices that are not ISDN capable, but have a POTS telephone interface ie R interface,
including ordinary analog telephones, FAX machines, and modems, are connected through
Terminal Adapters(TA) to an ISDN S/T bus.

In Siemens EWSD, we use SLMDQFB module for BRIs .It uses 2B1Q data encoding
schemes (2B1Q in North America, 4B3T in Europe) which permit relatively high data
rate over ordinary single-pair local loops.Signalling used is DSS1.

2B1Q (2 Binary 1 Quaternary) :

It is the most common signaling method on U
interfaces. This protocol is defined in detail in 1988 ANSI spec T1.601. In summary,
2B1Q provides:
Two bits per baud
80 kilobaud (baud= 1 modulation per second)
Transfer rate of 160 kb/s

Interfaces used :

U Between EWSD and NT

T Between NT1 and NT2
S Between NT and Isdn Instrument or TA.
R Between NT and Analogue Instrument

NT2 NT1 EWSD

PH TA EWSD
NT
 Primary Rate Access (PRI)

Access of the "Primary Rate Access" (PRA) type is based on the

Primary Rate Interface (30 B+D) and represents a switched connection for which Client
is provided PCM 30 that includes thirty 64 Kbps communications channels and one 64
Kbps signalling channel. The primary interface is intended mainly for connecting private
switchboards to businesses with a large volumes of communication. It is also possible to
support multiple PRI lines with one 64 kb/s D channel using Non-Facility Associated
Signaling (NFAS).Unlike the basic interface (BRI), which is transmitted on a pair of
copper wires, PRI is transmitted over an improved medium: a coaxial cable, two
symmetrical pairs (one transmission pair and one reception pair) or optical fibre, similar
to the PCM trunks in existence today.

PRI incudes:

30 switched "B-channels" from time slot 1-15 and 17-31 with the capacity of
64 Kbit per second .

One switched "D-channel" ,time slot 16 with the capacity of 64 Kbps.Signalling

information is processed in this time slot.

Interfaces used :

UK2PM : PCM link 30B+D from EWSD to EPABX (G.703-Unframed).

S2PM : EPABX to Subscriber Equipment.

Signalling used : DSS1
Line encoding : HDB3

HDB3 (High Density Bipolar 3)

It is the common line code used totransmit the 2.048 Mbps,

HDB3 is a bipolar code with a specific zero suppression scheme where no more then
three consecutive zeros are allowed to occur. The HDB3 line code is recommended for
2.048 Mbps signals by ITU-T Recommendations G.703,and it is defined in Annex A to
Recommendations G.703.with a 50% duty cycle and a binary zero (space) is represented
by the lack of pulse,i.e., 0 Volts. Since successive pulses (i.e. marks) alternate in polarity
the line code is termed AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion). In the AMI coding format, a
 binary one (mark) is represented by a square pulse with a 50% duty cycle and a binary
zero (space) is represented by the lack of pulse, i.e., 0 Volts. Since successive pulses (i.e.,
marks) alternate in polarity the line code is termed AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion).
HDB3 Line Code.

HDB3 Coding

SIGNALLING

The International Telecommunication union Telecommunication

standardization sector (ITU-T) has specified two systems for transmitting the signaling
information (control information) in the ISDN

Signaling system no. 7 (SS7) for use between Network nodes.

Digital subscriber signaling system no.1 (DSS1) for use between network nodes
and the terminal equipment.Here separate channels are provided, known as the B
channels and the D channel. The B channels carry speech, text, data and images
whereas the D channel is used exclusively for signaling.

DSS1 is basically a Layer 3 System:

1>Physical Link,L1 (I.431)

2>Data Link,L2 (Q.921 / I.441)
3>Network Link,L3 (Q.931 / I.451)
 PDC CHRACTERISTICS

A 2.048 Mbps transmission systems are based on the ITU-T

specifications G.703,G.732 and G.704, and are predominant in Europe, Australia, Africa,
South America,and regions of Asia.The 2.048 Mbps standards are now firmly established
for transmission systems and are used by telecommunications network suppliers,
international carriers and end users. The primary use of the 2.048 Mbps is in conjunction
with multiplexers for the transmission of multiple low speed voice and data signals over
one communication path rather then over multiple paths.

I Sampling frequency 8 Khz

ii Samples per Telephone Signal 8000 per second
iii Lengh of PCM frame 125 microsec
iv no of bits in each code word 8
v Channel bit rate 64 kbps
vi Encoding/Decoding A Law
vii No of segment in chracteristics 13
viii Time slot per frame 32
ix Bits per Frame 256
x Bit rate of time division multiplexed signal 2048 kbit/s

Primary Frame

A primary frame consists of 32 code words called time slots

and numbered 0 to 31.A PCM frame comprises of 31 time slots used for traffic and 1
time slot used for Synchronisation.

32 Time slots

0 16 Time slot 1-15 Time slot 17-31

Frame Alignment

Signalling
Frame Synchronisation
 The Transmitting and Receiving side are synchronised to the PCM frame
with the aid of Frame Alignment Signal(FAS) which is transmitted in time slot 0 of every
second frame.The Not Alignment Frame signal(NFAS) is transmitted in time slot 0 of
every Alternate frame.In Siemens EWSD ,we called FAS as Frame alignment Word
(FAW)and NFAS as Service Alignment word(SVW).

FAW

X 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
FAW IN EVEN FRAMES

SAW

X 1 D Y Y Y Y Y

SVW IN ODD FRAMES

Regarding structure of time slot 0 in EWSD ,there are two options:

Standard frame layout (STDFRM)

CRC4 Multi Frame Layout (CRC4MF)

Following bits of timeslot 0 are used in the same way in both formats:

FAW: The bit 1-7 always contain the value 0011011 and are used together with bit
0(different value in two format) for determining the frame alignment in each transmission
direction.

SVW : The bit 1 of SVW has always value 1 to guarentee that SVW and FAW are never
mixed up.The bit 2 of SVW is used for transmission of the D bit which indicate PDC
failure and bit 3-7 of SVW are reserved national use.

Default set value for applications:

STDFRM : CASCAS,CCSCCS,CCSCAS,CCSDLU,EXTDLU.
CRC4MF : CCSPA nad V52IF

Both formats differ only in application of first bit B0 of FAW/SVW.

In standard frame layout the bit 0 of Faw and Svw have fixed value eg 1.
In CRC4 frame layout the bit 0 of faw has no fixed value but is used to transport 4 bit
CRC code word which is generated from contents of previous 8 frames
Why to use CRC4 :

To avoid synchronization error caused by bit pattern in user ch that mimic frame
alignment words.
To register bit error in complete bit stream of PDC but in case of STD format only
FAW are monitored for registration of bit errors.

In CRC4 the pulse frames are organized in CRC4 format structure.CRC4 multiframe is
composed of 16 pulse frames (2ms) divided into two parts.A multiframe part with length
of 2048 bits (8 pulse frame) constitute a block for CRC4 procedure.

Structure
Given below is 16, 2mb frame, Where multiframe part 1 ie C1to C4
include the cehcksum for the 8 previously send 2 mb/s frames. Multiframe part 2 ie C1 to
C4 include checksum for 8 previously send 2 mb/s frames.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 C1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 F
1
2
1
0
C2
1
0
D
0
Y
1
Y
1
Y
0
Y
1
Y
1
A
S
F

1
Multiframe Part1
3
4
0
C3
1
0
D
0
Y
1
Y
1
Y
0
Y
1
Y
1
W
S
F
5
6
1
C4
1
0
D
0
Y
1
Y
1
Y
0
Y
1
Y
1
a
S
F
7
8
0
C1
1
0
D
0
Y
1
Y
1
Y
0
Y
1
Y
1
s
S
F
9
10
1
C2
1
0
D
0
Y
1
Y
1
Y
0
Y
1
Y
1
a
S
F

0
11 1 1 D Y Y Y Y Y w
S Multiframe Part2

1
12 C3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 F

2
13 E 1 D Y Y Y Y Y S

3
14 C4 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 F

4
15 E 1 D Y Y Y Y Y S

3 C1 To C4 CRC4-Code Word
E CRC4 Error Indication Bits
D Service Bit for urgent Alarm
Y For national Use
 Technical Implementation SIEMENS-EWSD

CMD Sequence

1> Configuring LTG Type B with LTU application type CCSPA

2> PA creation
3> DN creation (with or without PBXVOL)
4> CPT creation
5> PBX creation
6> PBXLN creation
7> CRC Settings
8> SLIPS Monitoring
9> CLI Handling

A> Configuring Physical interface,LTG

<CRLTG:LTG=0-1,LDPARP=12,TYPE=LTGB;
<CRLTU:LTG=X-X,LTU=0,APPLIC=CCSPA,TYPE=D30; (Similarly Ltu 1,2,3)
<CRCRMOD:LTG=0-1,CRMOD=X,TYPE=CRPC;
Creation of logical code receiver,up to 8(Crmod=0and1) can be configured with Type
Pushbutton CEPT(CRPC).
Now configure all Functional Units to ACT by CONF command.

B> Primary Access,PA Creation

<CRPA:PA=BHARTI,TYPE=FIXED,LTG=-0-1,LTUP=0(Diu) ;
Here PA name is assigned to Diu and thus Diu is reserved for BHARTI.

C> Directory No,DN Creation

<CRDN:LAC=0124,DN=52345;Without Pbxvol
<CRDN:LAC=0124,DN=52345,pbxvol=5&6&7;With Pbxvol
In DN Economy ie with Pbxvol(2nd case) block of 300 nos is assigned to 52345 ie from
5234500-5234799.This means ,all dialling info leading to PBX has to start with 5234 and
must continue with fourth fifth equal to 5,6,7.
Now if Dn is without Pbxvol then fifth digit is always 5 and thus only 100 number block
is assigned to 52345 ie from 5234500-5234599.
ADDNO-We can also Increase the DN block by another 100 by giving ADDNO where
this Dn is different from Pilot Dn so if Dn is to be created with ADDNO,only the Block
of 100 is assigned to it and we have to create CPT for this DN.

D> Code Point,CPT Creation

<CRCPT:LAC=0124,CODE=52345,TRATYP=CPTDN;
Here CPTs 52345&52346&52347 are created automatically in digit translator and
linked all to the same result ie PBX 52345.

E> PBX Creation

<CRPBX:LAC=0124,DN=52345,OPMODE=IOG&IBW&IIC,COS=SUBNO&DDI,
OPN=502345,OPTRCL=1;
< MODPBX:LAC=0124,DN=52345,SERV=ALL,COS=CLIP;
Here Bothways PBX is created with Operating number 502345 whose role is important in
CLI configuration at other end.Now here we have given SUBNO&DDI in Class of
service representing:
SUBNO: If this parameter is given to the cust then whole of the seven digit will be sent to
the PBX .This parameter nullified the significance of SSDI and DINO parameter. It is
significant to mention here that CLI from the PBX is configured at the EPABX end.
DDI: - Direct Inward Dialing .In this case if DID is configured at the customer end then
any person can call on the particular DID extension.

SSDI & DINO& MINMAX ROLE

It basically handle digits to be sent to PBX .Generally SSDI+DINO=DN.More clearly

SSDI: - Start sending Digit Information .

This parameter is significance when the SUBNO feature is not given to the PBX.
SSDI = DN (For DN with PBX Vol)
SSDI = DN +1 (Without Pbxvol)
Also it depend upon the customer need ,if customer want last three digit then it should be
5.
DINO: Digit Number for Holding
This parameter is only relevant for the PBXs with Direct Inward Dialing .In order to
avoid unnecessary B side seizure. Line are only seized after, the specified number of
digit has been received .Its value also depend upon SSDI.
For example if DN =52345(without Pbxvol),and SSDI=6 then if DINO = 1 ie B side will
be seized after 6(Dn+Dino) digits.
In case Dn is with Pbxvol then B side will be siezed after ((Dn-1)+Dino).
For example if DN =52345(with Pbxvol),and SSDI=5 then if DINO = 3 ie B side will be
seized after 7((Dn-1)+Dino) digits .

MINMAX: MIN/MAX Number of Digits

This parameter defines minimum and maximum length of the directory number used to
determine dial end for PBXs with direct dialing. Dial end is reached after entering the
maximum number of digits or after the minimum number of digits have been entered, it is
determined by a time-out procedure.
Min value = DN-1(DN with Pbxvol)
Min value = DN (Without Pbxvol)
MAX Value = 24 unless another value is entered.
<F PBXLN Creation

<CRPBXLN:LAC=0124,DN=52345,OPMODE=IIC,LNO=16,LTG=0-23,LC=1-16,
CAT=IPADCH;

Here we are creating Signalling channel,D on line number 16.

<CRPBXLN:LAC=0124,DN=52345,OPMODE=IBW,LNO=1,LTG=0-23,LC=1-1,
CAT=IPABCH,ORIG1=1,ORIG2=1;
<CRPBXLN:LAC=0124,DN=52345,OPMODE=IBW,LNO=2,LTG=0-23,LC=1-2,
CAT=IPABCH,ORIG1=1,ORIG2=1; Similarly up to Lno=31.

Here we are creating 30 channel for Voice Payload.

<GCRC Settings

Generally CRC is in ON condition in default But we can configure as per far end EPABX
setting.Before configuring CRC ,Configure Diu to Mbl status.

CRC OFF
<ENTRPDCCHR:LTG=0-23,PDCLNK=1,FORMAT=STDFRM;

CRC ON
<ENTRPDCCHR:LTG=0-23,PDCLNK=1,FORMAT=CRC4MF;

<H SLIPS Monitoring

SLIP: In non synchronized networks it may happen that a DIU has to skip an incoming
pulse frame because Clock on PDC is higher/lower than the internal clock of the
switch.This process of skipping or duplicatig a pulse frame is known as SLIP.
The DIU records PDC problems in statistical counters.These counters register the number
of time interval with specific error rates,the number of errors relative to the duration of
fault condition.The counter of each Diu are readout and reset every day at 00:05 hrs.

3 different types of counters.

<1 Time counter
<2 Error counter
<3 Event counter

Alarm counters can be displayed with Cmd:

<DISPPCMAC:LTG=0-23,PDCLNK=1;
<I CLI Handling

CLI is always a A Party feature but sometime wrong CLI is send by EPABX which is
handled by EWSD by Screening Function, making use of OPN feature.
Directory number send by EPABX is always tested for validity immediately after being
received in the exchange ie a test is performed to check that this directory number is
entered as valid DN for this equipment number in database .If this is not the case ,the
received directory number is rejected and replaced with number recognized in the
exchange ie with OPN.But if CLI is correct but extra digit is coming then in that case,it
will be passed thru as such.For this scenario we have to block CLI of A party by giving
extra parameter in COS=NOSCCLIP.In such a case only OPN will be send irrespective of
a A Party CLI as long as this parameter is removed from COS.

Technical Implementation SIEMENS HIPATH-4000 EPABX

Hipath 4000 is a 20,000 line Digital Epabx using TDM-PCM as switching

principle.Regarding PRI configuration ,PRI is configured as digital trunk using ETSI
protocal for ISDN supplementary services,Layer 3.At layer 1 configuration Epabx is
assigned to device type S2CONN through parameter LWPAR(Loadware
parameter).For Master side operation ie. taking its own Clock ,Lwpar option Master =Yes
otherwise in Slave mode ie. taking clock from PSTN switch.Lets see various steps in
configuring PRI in EPABX .

<A BUEND, Definition of trunk groups .

<B TDCSU, Allocation of digital circuits to trunk groups .

<C RICHT, Grouping various trunk groups into routes .

<D LDAT, LCR(Least Cost Routing) data

<E LDPLN, Administration of LCR digit patterns

<F WABE,Digit Analysis

To understand more clearly above hierrachy, Ill take simple analogy of Inventory Room.

1. Tgrp creation: Here we have created a Inventory Room.

2. Trunk creation:Here we allocate Space to Different inventory items in this room.
 3. Route creation: Here we have made street from our room to outer world.

4. Route optimization: Here we evaluate which route,based on LCR(Least cost

routing) is best for accessing inventory Room and in case of primary route
failure ,what other route can be taken.ODR is defined here.

5. Access Authorization: Here we defined Password so that only people having this
password can use inventory resources.

6. Password Structure: Here we define Structure of Password eg how many digits

are to be given.

1> Lets make 1 Trunk Group of Bharti for 30 Trunks.

<ADD-BUEND:TGRP=1,NAME=BHARTI,NO=30,SRCHMODE=CIRCULAR;

2> Configuring Trunks in this Trunk Group.

<ADD-TDCSU:

PEN=1-1-73-0,ITR=0,COT=4,COP=4,COS=32,DPLN=0,LCOSD=32,CKT=BHARTI,

DEV=S2CONN,PROTVAR=ETSI,TGRP=1,LWPAR=4,BCHAN=1&&30,

SRCHMODE=CIR;

Here

PEN-Port Equipment Number, Format- LTG-LTU-SLOT-CKT;

ITR Incoming Traffic Restriction,Used to define whether opmode is Og or Ic.

DPLN-Dialling plan, something Used for Route optimization.

LCOSV&LCOSD- This Lcr class of service for voice and data,There is table where
entries are maked for authorization to seize this trunk like Tracl.

COS- Class of Service used to define whether PRI is for voice or data or fax.

DEV-S2CONN ,S interface is used.

PROTVAR Protocol used for supplementary isdn services is Euro Isdn ie ETSI.

COT & COP : Class of Trunk and Parameter Table,here Signalling ,Timers and Answer
signals ,Cli is configured.
LWPAR- Here in this table,we define whether clock is to be Master or Slave,generally
clock is always set as slave.

<3 Route Creation

<ADD-RICHT:MODE=LRTENEW,LRTE=1,TGRP=1,REROUT=YES,DNNO=1-1-
1,SRVC=ALL,NAME=BHARTI;

4>Authorization

<ADD-LDAT:LROUTE=1,LSVC=VCE,ODR=1,LAUTH=1;

ODR-Out Dialling Route ,it specify whether access code is to be sent/not sent to B party
or certain digit to be outpulsed,its like Ssdi+Dicon of EWSD.
LAUTH- Authorization index ,it will be given in LCOSV and when this lcosv is given to
Subscriber he will be able to access this PRI,its like Tracl in EWSD.

<5 Access code

We want to seize dialtone of Pri by dialling 0 then it is configured here like CPT.
<ADD-LDPLN:LDPLN=0,LROUTE=1,LAUTH=1,ODR=1,SPC=22,DPLN=0;

<6 Digit analysis(DN)

Here we define meaning of code 0 in EPABX ie Tratype.

<ADD-WABE:CODE=0,DPLN=0,DAR=TIE;

DAR- Digit Analysis result ie. whether code is Tie between 2 exchanges or feature code.

TYPES OF PRI

A> PRI With DID

B> PRI Without DID
C> MPN PRI (Multiple Pilot Number)

1. PRI with DID :

This type of PRI is normally used by Customer with DID defined at
there End .This normally contain 30 voice channel and one signalling channel .This
type of PRI generally contain one pilot DN.We can add any number of DN with the
pilot DN by the parameter ADDNO maximum possible ADDNO is 10 . We can add
any number of channel to it .For Example if cust want 60 voice channel with same
 Pilot DN then all the line are created with opmode IBW except Line No =16 & Line
No= 47, which is used for Signalling and should be created as Opmode IIC.Generally
this type of PRI is widely used.

2. PRI without DID :

In this type of PRI there is only DN with No DID configured at
cust end ,we only allocate 30 channel to the cust and cust further divided this
depending upon their requirement .There is only One DN which is of seven digit.In
this case SSDI = 8 for the opmode = IOG / IIC / IBW. This type of PRI is normally
used for Call Center or as per required by the customer.

3. Multiple Pilot Number PRI :

Here more than one number is associate with the
same PRI, Eg if one is 5012345 and the other number is 5001500 then can define any
number of channel to any DN . In this case PBX is created for all the DN but only one
PA is created for all these DN.We can allocate say 20 channels to 5012345 and
remaining10 channels to 5001500 so 2 pilot number in 1 PRI can exist.Hence we can
efficiently utilize channels and Dns of single PRI.Here signalling channel is
associated with all the DN by special parameter LNATT =MPN given in signalling
channel 16.

Advantages and Applications

Advantages

Integrated access - One connection can be used for multiple services, multiple
devices, and multiple destinations.
End-to-end digital connections - ISDN gives you digital speed from start to finish.
Standard interfaces - Standard interfaces ensure easy installation.
Message-oriented signaling - ISDN won't distort or lose your information like
analog data transmission.
Customer control - With ISDN, you can dynamically specify what voice, video,
and data services you want to use.
Reduced Network Management/Maintenance-uses the public switched network
for voice, data and packet switching
Communications Cost Savings-Reduced retransmissions over analog dial-up,
saving time and money
Easy Network Connectivity and Expansion-Bandwidth-on-demand and Expanded
availability to support growing digital data applications
Flexibility-Widely available dial-up services for voice and data
 Low Cost-Usage is charged at standard business voice rates for voice and data
transmission.

Applications

Link to private switchboards ie EPABX,Here application includes PRI without

DID used in Call center,With DID being used in hotels ,Corporate houses.
Link to Servers employing Isdn Dialogic boards for applicatios like :
i) Audiotex applications allow users to retrieve and listen to pre-recorded
messages over the telephone. In some simpler applications, the user's only
action is to initiate the call. More complex applications may require the user
to respond to one or more prompts using, for example, the touch tone keys on
the telephone.
ii) Telemarketing applications use voice processing technology to facilitate a
high volume of inbound/outbound calls. The calls depend upon an operator-
assisted transaction and/or are motivated by a specific event, such as the need
to quickly distribute a promotional or informational message to a targeted
audience of phone users.
iii) Host Interactive Voice Response (HIVR) applications enable fully automated
transaction processing or transaction passing to occur over the telephone.
Examples of these applications include banking by phone.
iv) Central Office (CO) Voice Mail applications include many kinds of solutions
which enable users to store and forward or record and retrieve voice
messages. These applications may be simple and operate like an answering
machine, or they may be more complex and include automated attendant
functions
Remote access to the organisational communications network for distance
work or for Video Conference.
Backup for data lines (point-to-point).

Modem/Router Settings

For transmission of PRI over copper media, we are using SHDSL modem. Loop
resistance is around 800 ohm,which can cater distance of around 3.5 km.Most Commonly
used modem is Asmi52A(RADS).
General Settings:
i> CRC off
ii> Unframe format
 iii> G.703 Interface
iv> Clock mode External at switch side and Receive mode at customer side.
SHDSL: Single Line High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line,is a single line version of
HDSL transmitting E1 signals over single twisted pair.ASMi-52 extends the range of
data transmission over 2/4-wire lines up to 7 km(max capacity) by employing SHDSL
TC-PAM technology. ASMi-52 operation complies with the requirements of the ITU-T
G.991.2 standard.

Timing

ASMi-52 supports three clock modes:

Internal, derived from its internal oscillator (CO mode).
External, supplied by the attached DTE.
Receive, recovered from the received line signal (CPE mode).

Clock mode is external for modem installed at switch side and Receive for modem
installed at Cust side.

Router Interface:

For network administrators who require the higher performance

provided by a Primary Rate Interface (PRI) connection, Cisco offers two options for both
the Cisco 7200 and 7500 Series routers: a two-port channelized-T1 port adapter, and a
two-port channelized-E1 port adapter.Here PRI is configured on a E1 controller, which is
also set up to support an ISDN switch type, framing, linecode, and a PRI timeslot range.
In E1 networks, the D channel is brought up by specifying the interface serial 0:15 and
interface serial 1:15 commands. D channels are user configurable and behave precisely
like dialer interfaces, which are areas where packets go to initiate dialing.
The channelized E1 port adapter can support up to 30 B-channels per port, for an
aggregate data rate of 1.984 Mbps per port. When configured to operate in channelized
mode, up to 31 channels are available per port. The E1 port adapter is also available in
two versions: one supporting 75W-unbalanced interfaces, and another supporting 120W-
balanced interfaces.

A E1 controller is a device that exists inside a router or access server. You configure the
controller to inform the router how to distribute or provision individual timeslots for a
connected E1 line. A controller communicates with the telephone company in a way
similar to line coding and framing. Typically, timeslots are distributed to meet the needs
of a particular business scenario.

The PRI port adapters enable applications that require remote and branch office locations
to be cost efficiently terminated on a single router in a corporate enterprise network.
All PRI port adapters support two ports on a single-wide port adapter, and allow
concurrent operation of both ports. Because of their ability to provide router access for
high-speed ISDN networking connections, PRI port adapters are ideal for applications
involving regional office connections into central corporate locations. Cisco's PRI port
adapters are supported on both the Cisco 7200 Series routers and the Cisco 7500 Series
routers with Versatile Interface Processors.

Clock interface

Support for Master or Slave clocking (per-port basis).

Support for local or network synchronization.

Generally Clock is set as slave by cmd as: isdn protocol-emulate user

If Master then cmd is : isdn protocol-emulate-network.

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PRI -Router configuration is not completed yet still working on it and it will be updated
soon.

In case any Discrepency/Suggestions ,Please write back to me.

Warm Regards
Varun Sharma