Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Origin of Arwana
Arwana was first found and introduced by 2 (two) German scientists respectively Muller
and Schlegel in the year 1845. They both named this fish as Osteoglossum formosum. But,
however, in the year 1913, two Dutch zoologists respectively Max Weber and L.F. de Beaufort
modified that name into Scleropages formosus or what is now famous or well-known as dragon
fish.
Then, another kind of dragon fish, i.e. Scleropages leichardti (spotted baramundi) was
found by Germany-born English scientist, Albert Günther in 1864. Twenty eight years later, in
1982 to be exact, a naturalist and an English entomologist, Saville-Kent, found still another
specie of Scleropages jardini. Then, in 1966, Kanazawa, a Japanese scientist found the
Osteoglosum ferreirai (silver black dragon fish) on the Brazilian waters.
Morphologically or physically, the body and head of dragon fish is rather solid while
having a slender, flat and thin built and almost straight back from its mouth to its fins. Lateral or
side-lines are positioned on the right and left of its body with a length of between 20 to 24 cms.
The shape of its mouth protruding upwards and has a pair of feelers on the lower lip. It has a
wide mouth and strong jaw. It has about 15 to 17 teeth. Its gills are equipped with gills cover.
The location of its back fin is close to its beginning tail fin (caudal). Its anal fin is longer than its
back fin (dorsal), reaching almost its belly’s fin (ventral). The length of adult dragon fish varies
to a great extent between 30 to 80 cm.
Its scales are of big size with shinny surfaces. The shape of its scales is cycloid or
curving. Its colours are of great varieties such as silver, black, gold and red. To make it easy,
many people name a dragon fish based on the colour of its scale such as green arowana, black
arowana, silver arowana, golden arowana, and red arowana. Red arowana is divided into three
kinds namely red banjar, golden red, and super red.
The most popular and is believed to bring luck is the super red. The price of super red
arowana is also super expensive. The colouring patter of super red arowana is very special where
its cycloid scales emanate bright yellowish red. The places where the scales end which is known
as ring are found at the head and back and even sometimes spread to all over its body. The red
cycloid scales are believed to bring luck to its owner. The older a fish is, “the lucky cycloid
scales” colour reddens more and more.
Feeding time
The arowana fans always wait for feeding time as during that time arowana will show its beauty
through its speed and movement when catching its prey. Ideally, “food” is given three times a
day namely morning, noon and afternoon or at night. Twice a day of feeding time is still
considered as normal. The colour of its scales will be much brighter, beautiful, shiny when the
food contains carotene and kitin that is found most in centipedes, crickets, prawns, and
cockroaches. Arowana besides fond of live feed, it also likes devouring dead prawns. But,
however, do not feed arowana too much of this kind as it will stain aquarium fast and the
remaining food rotten quickly.
Some diseases that are caused by non parasite organisms, among others:
1. Stress
A stressful arowana usually indicates symptoms such as lacking of appetite, seems to be
afraid, slow growth, imperfect shape of body, a vertically swimming position where its
head in an upward position while its legs points downward. Stressful condition in
arowana could be avoided or reduced by a variety of treatments such as the release of
“mummy” into the pond should be carefully done by not directly mixing the newly
caught fish or bought with the existing ones. It is better that a process of acclimation is
done.
2. Oxygen depletion
Depletion or lacking of oxygen usually happens to a pond which contains too high
organic substances. As the oxygen content drastically drops, arowana will experience
stress that may even end in death except in those species where they could directly obtain
oxygen from the air.
3. Cessation of eating
Arowana that ceases to eat usually is tired of certain kind of food such as centipede. To
overcome this problem, restrains the arowana for more than a week. After that, feed the
arowana with a different kind of food. Then, centipede could be fed once a week in
interval with other kinds of food. Other way that may be worth trying is by giving a
capsule of Hobby Fishes diluted into 200 litres of water then pour the water into the
aquarium. This capsule shape vitamin is good eliminating stress, curing various diseases
and stimulating arowana’s yearn for food.
4. Curving of gills cover
Low quality of water may cause the cover of arowana’s gill to curve outwards that the
gills are seen. The other cause is an over-dosage of medicine, bacterial attack, or low
oxygen content in the aquarium.
This thing could be rectified by doing the following steps:
a. Anaesthetic. Arowana is entered into the anaesthetic liquid, i.e. clove oil or MS 222.
b. Cutting of gills cover. Cutting of the protruding sides of gills cover by sharp scissors
at about 1 to 2 cms. Ensure that fish does not bleed during the process.
c. Medication. Apply pomate into a special medical aquarium as much as 5 grams into
400 litres of water.
d. Quarantine. Place the arowana into a special aquarium which is equipped with a
heater for 5 days. After healing is complete, return the arowana back to its original
aquarium.
5. Cross-eyed problem
This problem is caused by the fact that arowana often hunts for small fish at the bottom
or in the corners of aquarium. Therefore, it is better to feed arowana with floating kind of
food..
Cross-eyed problem on arowana could be corrected by moving arowana into a spacious
place which is directly exposed to sunlight. The place could be made of fibreglass or
cement-plastered container. There is still some other healing process with the following
steps:
a. Anaesthetic. Prepare MS 222 solution with a composition of 8 drops MS 222 with a
quarter part of water into a plastic container of 50 x 60 cms. Then, place the cross-
eyed arowana into the anaesthetic solution. Cut off the top cross-eyed part until you
see white coloured meat and then clear part of the fat. This process should not take
more than 10 minutes and avoid the arowana from bleeding.
b. Medication. Apply some salt and pomate combination. Or you can use tetra and
Furason Gold to mix with salt.
c. Quarantine. Place the arowana into a special aquarium equipped with a heater. This
quarantine time in a pond or container shall be within 3 to 4 months until the arowana
is strong enough.