Automatic Vehicle Authorization & Detection with Remote

Engine locking
Students: Rizwan khan, Asad khan, sarfarz,shah Murad, Syed Mudassir
Department of Electronics Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
rizwan.04@outlook.com

Abstract - Today specially in developing countries like Our system consists of four components
Pakistan, the car theft on parking or any other public places has The RFID detection system.
increased. The vehicle safety is extremely essential because these The theft detection system.
vehicles are then used for suicide bombing or any other harmful
Real time tracing system.
activity. Security system must be installed in the vehicle to trace
the place and status and locking engine motor system can End user application .
contribute a lot to minimize the vehicle theft. Location of the III. METHODOLOGY
vehicle is identified by Global Positioning System (GPS) and
Global system for mobile communication (GSM). The system The block diagram of vehicle Authorization, tracing and
gives information about the moving vehicle constantly. The locking system based on GSM and GPS technology. It
security of any organization is priority of the authorities. For consists of power supply section LCD display, motor Driver,
this purpose, only the vehicle with a valid RFID tag is only IR transmitter, IR receiver, max -232 GSM, GPS, buzzer
allowed to the organization. The RFID contains the information relay android mobile. The power supply gives 5v dc to the
about the corresponding vehicle. Each RFID has its own
circuit. IR transmitter transmit IR signal and IR receiver
information. If a valid tag is swiped, then the system displays a
message AUTHORIZED else it states UNAUTHORIZED receives that Signal and IR .the relay acts as a switch for
and doesnt allow access the vehicle in to the organization. In engine ignition. Buzzer is used for making Alarm when
theft mode when UNAUTHORIZED person access the vehicle, unauthorized person starts the vehicle. Bluetooth module is
the microcontroller needs user authentication through SMS, if connected with microcontroller of Arduino. Arduino sends
the person is not authorized then the engine motor locks the and receives messages to android module. the Android
engine. module contain GSM and GPS which allow us to trace the
I. INTRODUCTION location and also communication with cloud services.
Our project deals with vehicle authorization, tracking and
engine locking. The main objective of the project is to provide
security for the organization to allow only those vehicles
which are authorized. This system provides better security for
an organization because through RFID only those vehicles
can enter the organization which is authorized and has
information of the RFID stored in the data base can be
allowed by automatic opening and closing gate. The vehicle
which has no information stored in the database will require
authentication and verification to enter. Due to the fact that
vehicle theft increases day by day vehicle should have
efficient security system that warns the owner by the theft
detection by sending SMS to the owner.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Fig1 :Block diagram 1
Our country is facing high security crisis in recent time. We
need promising security solutions where security is a priority 1) Vehicle Authorization System:
for the authorities like In military zones, In Schools, The vehicle authorization system includes IR transmitter. IR
Universities, Hospitals etc. Most Important for terrorism. module transmits the information of the corresponding
Incident of car theft are on rise in our country. Every year 15 vehicle. Vehicle model number, number plate, color etc. The
to 20 thousand vehicles are stolen. An RFID tag vehicle can information is received by the IR receiver which will be fixed
also be stolen which can be very dangerous. at entrance and send and compare the Information with the
entities stored in the database if the received information is
1) System Design: present in the database. Then the information of the
corresponding car will be shown LCD then the

1 | FICT URC1-2016
microcontroller send signal to the motor and the gate will be
open. Allowing the vehicle to enter. If in case the
informations received by the receiver not present is the data
base the microcontroller will send signal to motor and the
gate will remain close and red LED will glow up warning that
the vehicle is not authorized and cannot enter.
In this paper, we have proposed a novel method of vehicle
tracking and locking systems used to track the theft vehicle by
using GPS and GSM technology. This system is in active
mode whenever the user leaves the vehicle and in any case of
intrusion the system will detect it and inform the owner.
Owner can control his vehicle remotely using is android
device. When the theft identified, the owner can send SMS to
the micro controller, then issue the control signals to stop the
engine motor. After that all the doors locked. To open the
doors or to restart the engine authorized person needs to enter
the passwords. In this method, easily track the vehicle place
and doors locked.
REFERENCES:

[1] R. Ramani1, S.Valarmathy, Dr.N.SuthanthiraV anitha1 S.Selvaraju,

M.Thiruppathi, R.Thangam Vehicle Tracking and Locking System BaseId
on GSM and GPS
[2] Automatic gate opening system for vehicles with RFID or PASSWORD.
Electronics & Communication Engineering, Gujarat Technical University
Bharuch, Gujarat, INDIA.
[3] Government College of Engineering/Department Electronics and
Telecommunication, Amravati (Maharashtra), India.
[4] Vehicle Tracking and locking system based on GPS and GSM. Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Knowledge institute of
technology, Tamilnadu, India.
Fig2: block diagram2

2) The theft detection system:

The theft detection system includes detection system with user
authentication. The android module in the car has predefined
message, the owner has the ability to change the message. If a
person tries to start the engine, the microcontroller sends a
message to the owner to allow the engine to start or not. If the
person is unauthorized the owner in reply sendsNO,on
receiving NO,message the microcontroller send the signal
to engine motor and the engine will lock. Unfortunately if due
to network problem the owner receives SMS a little bit later,
in this case a time frame is setup in which within the given
time if owner does not reply to microcontroller then the
engine will be lock automatically after that predefined time. If
someone successes in runaway the vehicle within the
predefined time then with the GPS technology the place and
status of the vehicle can be traced and the vehicle can be
recovered.
3) Real time tracking system:

Real time tracking system consists of a satellitte based GPS

receiver, which is present in android module in the car. The
owner can trace his vehicle`s location using the end user
application on his android device. The cars accurate location
can be find out by calculating accurate measurements from
both network and GPS receiver.

IV. CONCLUSION

2 | FICT URC1-2016
 Characterization of Textile Based Strain
Surjeet Kumar,Sundus Afzaal,Muhammad Junaid Sultan,Muhammad Junaid
Department of Electronics Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
surjeetkhurana9@gmail.com, kjunaid78@yahoo.com, afzaalsundus@gmail.com, m.junaid@buitems.edu.pk
Abstract - Human Body signals are source of useful data
that can be used for gesture/posture recognition, electronic
sensors are embedded in clothing for measuring these signals but
they cause discomfort to the wearer. Textile based strain, bend
and tactile sensors are better alternatives to electronic sensors in
context of comfort and wear-ability. In this work knitted strain
sensors of three types are compared with each other. . Aim of
the research is to analyze the effects of base yarn/substrate
(cotton, polyester), elastic (Lycra), and conductive yarn
(polyester yarn blended with stainless steel) ratios on sensors
sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis and stability. 16 different samples
are designed using different ratios of the three materials on an
electronic flat knitting machine. Sensitivity and linearity factors
were analyzed using gauge factor and coefficient of linear
regression values respectively. Hysteresis and repeatability
analysis were also performed for each sensor.
KeywordsInterlocked; Hystersis; Stability; Linearity; Gauge
Factor
I. INTRODUCTION
Our bodies continuously radiate data, this data contains
valuable information. This data can be used to monitor health,
improve sports performance, HMI and HRI technology. For
acquisition of this data electronic sensors like accelerometers
and gyroscopes are embedded in clothing. But these sensors
are not suitable for the wearable environment and cause
discomfort to the wearer. Textile based sensors provide
solution to this problem, these sensors are durable, flexible,
unobtrusive and comfortable.
Electronic textiles is a major growing research area,
especially textile based bend and stretch sensors are being
studied and employed in gesture and posture recognition
systems. In this paper we have compared strain sensors of two
different knitting structures. We also analyzed effects of
different combinations of conductive yarn (80% polyester,
20% steel), base yarn (polyester/cotton yarn) and elastic
material (Lycra) on the performance of the sensors. Lycra was
chosen because of its lightness, elasticity, and adherence. In
past few years several aproaches have been used to gather
useful data from human motion, kinect sensors based
motion/gesture/posture recognition became a sensation, human
motion recognition through a kinect sensor was studied in [1].
Kinect sensors have few drawbacks i.e. they are costly, it may
not work properly in dyanamic surrounding environment.
Accelerometers, electro goniometers and gyroscposes are
widely used electronic sensors for motion/gesture/posture
detection, in [2] joint angles
measurement through these two sensors was explained. To
obtain human body data, gesture/posture recognition sensors
must be embedded into the clothing or worn as saperate units.
The main drawbacks of wearable sensing systems available on
the market are their weight, the rigidity of the fabric which
they are made of, the dimension of the sensors used, and all
the other properties which make them obtrusive. In particular,
conventional sensors often require the application of complex
and uncomfortable mechanical plugs in order to position the
sensors on garments [3].Textile based sensors best fit into such
environment, and many works have shown their applicability
in bending, stretching and tactile sensing[4]. Highly sensitive
carbon microcoils were used for tactile sensing in [4].
II. METHODOLOGY
1) Textile Structure
The knitting structure for each sensor was designed on the
CAD/CAM software, 9 different samples (3 of each type) with
different ratios of conductive material, elastic material and
base substrate were made on electronic flat knitting machine in
NTU Faisalabad. Each sample was 15cm in length and 3cm in
width. Tables 1 shows the specifications of each sample.
TABLE I
Sensor
Number of conductive layers Lycra
type
1 1 1
2 1 2
3 1 0
2) Sensor Evaluation
Sensors were elongated up to 33% using Universal tensile
machine, resistance values corresponding to each millimeter
of length for 5 complete stretch and recovery cycles were
recorded with accuracy of 1mm using ATmega2560
microcontroller. Hysteresis, gauge factor, repeatability and
linear regression analysis of the sensors were performed using
MS excel.
IV. RESULT & DISSCUSION
The results in figures 1, 2, 3 and tables 2 shows that these
sensors have high values of R2 and Gauge Factor, this shows
that these sensors have high sensitivity and linearity. These
sensors have high resistance which is a benefit because it
reduces power consumption as compared to low resistance
sensors.
3 | FICT URC1-2016
TABLE II are low cost and highly flexible in wearable environment. Our
Sensor
Gauge Factor Standard error R2
knitted sensors were developed with plain knitting technique,
type we used conductive polyester blended with stainless steel yarn
1 -2.022695 0.021109 0.9922 and Lycra yarn. The sensors shown high values of linear
regression coefficient (R2), this means the sensors have linear
2 -1.727667 0.038333 0.9115
relationship between resistance and strain. Also higher values
3 -1.795837 0.081089 0.9949 of Gauge Factor (GF) show that the sensors are highly
sensitive. All these results show that these sensors can be
applied in breathing monitoring systems, elbow and knee
bend measurement systems, gesture controlled automation
systems etc.

REFERENCES

[1] O. Atalay, A. Tuncay, M. D. Husain, and W. R. Kennon, "Comparative

study of the weft-knitted strain sensors," Journal of Industrial Textiles,
December 10, 2015 2015.
[2] G. Ye, D. Ha, O. Yongsheng, and S. Weihua, "Human gesture recognition
through a Kinect sensor," in Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2012
IEEE International Conference on, 2012, pp. 1379-1384.
[3] C. Peng and B. Oelmann, "Joint-Angle Measurement Using Accelerometers
Fig. 1 Resistance Strain curve for sensor 1. and Gyroscopes—A Survey," Instrumentation and Measurement,
IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 404-414, 2010.
[4] E. T. M. C. D. P.J. McCullagh, "Personalised Health Management Systems
The Integration of Innovative Sensing, Textile, Information and
Communication," vol. Technologies Volume 117 2005.

Fig. 2 Resistance Strain curve for sensor 2.

Fig. 3 Resistance Strain curve for sensor 3.

IV. CONCLUSION

Strain sensing through textile sensors has been studied widely

and it has shown applicability in many fields including sports
and healthcare however these sensors are developed through
cumbersome and costly industrial processes. Hand knitted
strain sensors on the other hand can easily be developed, they

4 | FICT URC1-2016
Dynamic Model And Controller Design;For Two-Wheeled
Self-Balancing Robot Using Arduino
Danish Ali, Ayesha Ahmed, Mansoora Ali, Rizwan Ashfaq,Muhammad Junaid
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Danishaligondal@yahoo.com

Abstract -A two-wheeled self-balancing Robot is, inherently fused together to get and estimated tilt angle free from noise
an unstable and non-linear system, developed using an Arduino and drift. The robots controller block contains the respective
Microcontroller board. Dynamical model of robot is constructed controller Algorithm, PID or LQR. Balancing robot contains
in MATLAB, also the simulation results are obtained in it and all the circuitry, sensor, and controller board hardware to
the characteristics of robot model are studied and two different
steer the robot to maintain its vertically upward position.
controllers are developed and tested in MATLAB and
controllability, observability is checked. PID controller is
implemented on the robot. Further to improve stability the
complementary filter is applied to the sensor data and
reasonable settling time is achieved.
Index Terms - Two-wheeled robot, Microcontroller board,
controllability, stability and observability.

I. INTRODUCTION Fig 1 Control system of robot.

These researches on two-wheeled self-balancing robot A. Mathematical Model [8].

have gained momentum over the past decades since it is
inherently an unstable and highly non-linear system.
Furthermore it has certain advantage over the traditional four
wheeled robots. It can turn sharp corners, it can provide spin
on a single point, it allows easy navigation on various uneven
terrain. This technology has potential to solve many other (1)
problems. For example a two-wheeled chair will provide 2 Iw

2Mw
Iw
MP Ip 2Mpl 2 Mw
(2)
higher maneuverability and access to short and uneven r2 r 2

terrain. One such product is commercially available that is
Segway, invented by Dean Kamen, is capable to balance a Where, x Displacement, - Displacement velocity,
human on. This technology uses five gyroscopes and tilt Angle, - Angular velocity, - Parameters position, -
sensor. [1]. Another research project named JOE also Linear Motion acting on center of wheel, - Angular motion
demonstrated the control of unstable inverted pendulum acting on wheel..
system. This robot is made up of two states space controllers B. Design Specification
as it is a 3-degree of freedom control design which is able to
control linear straight line position, straight line speed, pitch Table 1. Hardware parameters specification
angle, pitch rate, yaw angle and yaw rate. [2]. Another two- Gravitational acceleration (m/s2) g 9.81
wheeled self-balancing robot named LEGWAY using LEGO Mass of body (kg) Mp 2
Mindstroms kit, two electro-optical proximity detectors Radius of wheel (m) r 0.04
(EOPD) that provides titl angle information of robot and
programmed in C/C++ language. [3][4], [5]. The tilt angle Mass of wheel (kg) Mw 0.015
can be sensed either by accelerometer or Gyro. Since the Inertia of wheel (kg m2) Iw 0.000036
accelerometer is more sensitive to high frequency noise and
Gyro is prone to drift. Alone neither accelerometer nor Gyro Inertia of body (kg m2) Ip 0.00845
can provide accurate angle estimation so the Kalman filter or Length of COG (m) l 0.07
the complementary filter needs to be applied [6][7].
Motor torque constant (Nm/A) Km 0.098
II. CONTROL SYSTEM
Motor back EMF constant Ke 0.024
As shown in figure 1. The tilt angle and angular rate is (V/rad/s)
measure from the sensors and to the complementary filter and C. Controller Design

5 | FICT URC1-2016
In this paper the two controller are studied and designed in 0.7
PID tunned Tilt angle

MATLAB and response curves are presented. Only the PID 0.6
Tilt Angle

controller is implemented on the hardware.

0.5
1) LQR design
0.4
Linear quadratic controller method is used for optimal control
0.3
systems. Unlike conventional controllers, it takes input power

Angle(rad)
into. u(t)=-Kx(t) is the control signal and K is the required 0.2

gain matrix. Q and R are weighted matrix for x and u. from 0.1

the (3) K is calculated. 0

K R 1 B T P (3) -0.1

The R and Q diagonals are R=1 and Q=[1000 1 6000 1]. The -0.2

response curves are presented in figure 6. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

2) PID Controller Time(s)

PID as name suggests, is constructed by proportional, integral Fig 2. PID tuned tilt angle response
and derivative element. The suitable values of KP, KI and KD
must be chosen to guarantee the system stability. The discrete
PID controller is implemented on two-wheel self-balancing
robot in equation (4).
e(n) e(n1) (4)
u(t) Kpe(n) Ki[e(n) (e(n) e(n1))Ts] Kd[ ]
Ts
3) Complementary Filter
It removes noise from the accelerometer data and eliminate
drift from the gyro data and ultimately the performance of
robot is improved.
Angle A * ( Angle gyro * dt ) ((1 A) * x _ acc) (5)
Where A is filter constant and calculated as.
Fig 3. Physical Model
A
dt (6)
III. CONCLUSION
Where is the filter time constant and taken as 0.8 sec. dt
step size and calculated value is 1 s in this paper. gyro is the From the results it balancing is claimed and satisfactory
angular rate from the gyro sensor and x-acc is the results are obtained alone with PID controller. The PID &
accelerometer x-axis value that is the tilt angle value. LQR combined can yield better results and it is proposed as a
future work. Other than this, the uncertainty or the non-
linearity in the model should be included. The roll and yaw
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
control be included in model as well. The motors with
Table 2. MATLAB Gain Values encoders can be used instead of simple geared motors and the
Controllers 2% Percentage Gain values information regarding positions of robot can be considered in
settling Overshoot model which further improves the stability of robot.
time
LQR 1.88s 6% -31,19,242,18 REFERENCES
PID 1.53s 23.3% 1051,1382,34
[1] H. Transporter and V. Loucks, A more detailed discussion of the Segway
development is contained in the book, no. January 2001, 2004.
[2] F. Grasser, A. D. Arrigo, S. Colombi, and A. Rufer, JOE: A Mobile ,
Table 2 shows MATLAB designed controller results. Its Inverted Pendulum.
shows that PID is fast with larger overshoot and higher gain [3] B. Bonafilia, N. Gustafsson, P. Nyman, and S. Nilsson, Self-balancing
two-wheeled robot, 1998.
values and LQR is slower but with smaller overshoot and [4] L. Sun and J. Gan, Researching of two-wheeled self-balancing robot base
lower gain value and at lower energy expense. on LQR combined with PID, Proc. - 2010 2nd Int. Work. Intell. Syst. Appl.
Fig 2 shows the robots output tilt angle response subject to ISA 2010, pp. 15, 2010.
disturbances at different time intervals. It can be seen that [5] Z. Hu, S. Wei, and Q. Liao, Design of LQR and PID Controllers for the
Self Balancing Unicycle Robot, no. July, pp. 972977, 2014.
robot balances itself upward within 1.66 s which is close to [6] D. Simon, Kalman Filtering, Embed. Syst. Program., no. June, pp. 72
simulated PID value. Hence robot is stabilized by applying 79, 2001.
PID controller and satisfactory results are obtained. [7] B. Mccarron and B. Mccarron, Low-Cost IMU Implementation via
Sensor Fusion Algorithms in the Arduino Environment, no. June, 2013.
[8] R. C. Ooi, Balancing a Two-Wheeled Autonomous Robot, pp. 172,
2003.

6 | FICT URC1-2016
 Fabrication of Sowing, Spraying & Harvesting Controlled
Robotic Vehicle
Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Usman, Shahzaib Chauhdary, Muhammad Rizwan
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
engr.arifhussain5@gmail.com , usmaneng9@gmail.com , shahzaibch93@gmail.com, rizwansalar@gmail.com
Arduino Mega board having At Mega 2560 microcontroller.
Abstract - Agriculture is an important and oldest economic The task
activity for humankind. At present, the world is adopting modern
technologies, by converting all the old and time consuming
methods to modern techniques and automation. In the same way
the revolution is taking place in the field of agriculture. Robots
are being used as a substitute of human labour or to do efficient
work with precision in industry and in agriculture field. The
demands of robots in the field of agriculture to assist farmers
have become important. In our project the wirelessly controlled
robotic vehicle is a prototype and designed for performing
different tasks in the field of agriculture such as harvesting of
specific crops, spraying for pesticides and the seeding in the
ploughed field. PIC-18F452 Microcontroller is used. Bluetooth
module is used for transmitting and receiving unit.
Index Terms - Robot, microcontroller, Bluetooth wireless
technology.
I. INTRODUCTION
The idea of applying robots in agriculture is not new but
there is huge possibility that the robots will increase the
productivity and they become the essential part of forms. The
importance of agriculture robot can be understand through the
article in The Guardian which state that Robot farmers are the
future of agriculture. Robot are able to sow the seeds without
monitoring the soil, the robot sow the seeds and harvest the
plant. The system cannot monitor the parameters therefore the
efficient growth was not possible [1]. Robot for the paddy
weeding was used for the sowing of rice. These robots have
made specified length and width between the plants. The robot
has powered motors that they can run on the rough and muddy
land. It maintains the vertically and horizontal distances
among the plants. It can only place the plants in a rows, it
hasnt the ability about the diseases, unwanted plants etc. [2].
For the control of robot wirelessly the ZigBee-assisted Mobile
Robot Gardener was developed this robot have three wheels the
central can move the robot. This robot can only do the specific
tasks which was only to spray on the plants. The robot have
multiple sensors that is for the range finder and for the
obstacle. Robot have a receiver module the transmitted module
can give the command to the robotic vehicle through which it
can move and spray. [3] The robot using the renewable energy
i.e. solar energy was developed with the theme of Green
Energy-Green Revolution. The robot uses the arrangement of
solar panel with the charge carrier that recharge the battery to
run the robotic vehicle and performs the task. The tasks that
this robot can perform was spray and the removing of the weed.
The robot can only removes the weeds which comes between
the two plants. The distance should be 30cm between the plants
if some plant appear with in this distance the weed remover
remove it. [4] The Wi-Fi robot was developed that has six legs
arrangements controlled by a servo motor. This robot uses the
performed by this robot were similarly to the previous ones i.e.
seeder, weeding and fertilizer but the new idea that was try to
achieve was that to make the multiple arrangements of these
types of robots which can communicate with each other. The
first robot told about its action. Although that can be achieved
in this project but the new approach of robots sharing of
information was given [5]. A vision system based crop rows for
agriculture mobile robot was developed for the detection of the
rows in the field. The robots has a camera interface that sends
the images taken from the farms. The data is send to the
receiver end by using the global positioning system (GPS). The
robot takes the images and process that images by using the
quasi line method. Through this method most efficient rows
tracking is possible [6].
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The so far robots related to an agriculture filed can only do the
single task that is either sowing or spraying. A multipurpose
robotic vehicle in which snowing, spraying and harvesting are
not available in a single unit is not present in the literature. We
are trying to implement it in a single unit, with light in weight,
flexible, easy to use for uneducated person and easy to maintain
and upgrade.
A) Simulation and Software:
The programing part is consists of two part, one is the android
phone app as a transmitter, other is for the receiving unit, as
shown in the flow chart diagram of designed prototype given
below. The transmission of the commands is performed by the
android app in which multiple commands are predefined. The
command is transmitted wirelessly and at the receiver end the
command is read and the desire task is performed.
III. METHODOLOGY:
This project is wirelessly controlled. Calculations were made
like the size, shape and actuators (used for seeding, and
harvesting for vehicle. Based on calculations the program was
coded using mikroC PRO for PIC. The project is divided into
two unit. First unit consist of a Android app which transmits
specific commands as per desire of the user, the simulation was
done in Proteus 8Professional, the transmitter units controller
(Android app) observes the specific inputs and based on the
program debugged in app the data is transmitted using
Bluetooth (wireless medium). Second the receiving unit is a
robotic vehicle designed for performing different tasks in field,
receives the data which is transmitted by the Android phone
(transmitting unit). The vehicles main controller works on that
data and as per checks made in the programing debugged in
the controller for the movement and other tasks are performed.
7 | FICT URC1-2016
 database through which we can check the condition and the
performance remotely.

REFERENCE
[9] Kumar, Gurrala Ajay, M. Ramya, and C. Ram Kumar. "Wedding of robots
with agriculture." Computing Communication & Networking Technologies
(ICCCNT), 2012 Third International Conference on. IEEE, 2012.
[10] Yoon, B., & Kim, S. (2013, October). Design of paddy weeding robot.
InRobotics (ISR), 2013 44th International Symposium on (pp. 1-2). IEEE.
[11] Chang, C.L. & Jhu, J. H. (2013, December). Zigbee-assisted mobile robot
gardener. In Automatic Control Conference (CACS), 2013 CACS
International(pp. 41-46). IEEE.
[12] Jothimurugan, P.Saravanan, J. M., Sushanth, R., Suresh, V., Subramaniam,
H. S., Vasantharaj, S., & Yogeswaran, S. (2013,April).Solar E-Bot for
Agriculture. In India Educators' Conference (TIIEC), 2013 Texas
Instruments(pp. 125-130). IEEE.
[13] Amer, G., Mudassir, S. M. M., & Malik, M. A. (2015, May). Design and
operation of Wi-Fi agribot integrated system. In Industrial Instrumentation and
Control (ICIC), 2015 International Conference on (pp. 207-212). IEEE.
[14] Jiang, Guoquan, and Cuijun Zhao. "A vision system based crop rows for
agricultural mobile robot." Computer Application and System Modeling
(ICCASM), 2010 International Conference on. Vol. 11. IEEE, 2010.

Figure 1 flow chart of designed prototype

IV. RESULTS AND CALCULATION

From the proposed content the entire prototype of robot was
successful. The mechanical test is made for the speed, weight,
spraying, seeding and for the harvesting. Through the
mechanical test we have found that the speed of vehicle
depends on the battery charge and moisture in the field, and the
speed will increase when we do spraying because the weight of
spraying unit decrease continuously. The cutting unit cut the
crops at about three inches from the roots and the residue effect
the movement of robot. We can compare the performance of
robot with the most common agriculture robot.
Through comparison from table 1, we conclude that robot is
better than tractor and can take part in the field more
effectively.

Table 1 : Comparison between agriculture Robot and Tractor

S# Parameter Tractor Robot

1 Weight More Less
2 Price More Less
3 Seed wastage More Less
4 Required energy More Less
5 Maintenance More Less
cost
6 Accuracy Moderate More
7 Man power Moderate less

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

The agriculture robots are mainly designed in order to decrease
the working time and assist the farmers. We implement a
multipurpose project and try to satisfy the needs. We have
successfully simulated three parameter sowing, spraying and
harvesting in a single unit.
In the future, we can introduce the artificial intelligence and
built a network of multiple robots which are then connected to

8 | FICT URC1-2016
 Gesture Based Robotic Vehicle Using Accelerometer
ADXL335
Muhammad Salar Mughal, Umair Ahmed, Muhammad Bilal Afzal, Syed Mudassir
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Sprumair@gmail.com

Abstract -In our work, gesture of the user controls the movement of mobile robots. Both unit gesture unit and mobile
movement of the robot vehicle. The developed system is unit are powered up by separate battery source.
classified into gesture unit and mobile robot unit. The gesture
unit consists of PIC 18f452 microcontroller which monitors the
direction of a hand and transmits the corresponding control
signal to the mobile robot unit. The mobile robot unit also
consists of PIC 18f452 microcontroller for controlling the
movement of mobile robots. In the gesture unit PIC
microcontroller is assisted by accelerometer and RF MODULE
for reading gestures. Similarly, in mobile robot unit PIC
microcontroller is assisted by peripherals like RF MODULE
and L293DNE. Both the units are powered up by separate
battery source. This proposed system is developed at low cost
with better efficiency in many fields such as industries, medical,
traffic system etc. It can be implemented in many other
applications such as TV, Video games, toys, wheel chair to assist Figure 1: Movements of Hand
handicapped people etc.

I. INTRODUCTION
In our work we have developed gesture based robotic
vehicle which is most reliable in vehicle movement. Through
this system you can control far objects wirelessly i-e vehicle
just by tilting of your hand. It consists of two basic module
gesture unit (transmitter module) and a mobile unit (receiver
module). In the gesture unit is assisted by PIC
microcontroller accelerometer ADXL (335) and Xbee (RF
MODULE) is used for reading gestures. An XBee-S1 device
based on Xbee protocol is used for communication purpose,
this device is most suitable for point to point communication
in a wireless environment. In this PIC 18f452 microcontroller Figure 2: shows the movement of a mobile vehicle in direction corresponding to
which monitors the direction of a hand in x, y and z direction the tilting direction of hand in x, y and z axis
as shown in figure 1, as input from Accelerometer, in three
axis accelerometer the mechanical part works on principle of In figure 2, if a hand tilts right (positive x-axis) the vehicle
the Newton law of gravitation which undergo to change in will move towards right direction, if a hand tilts left (negative
gravity. In accelerometer, change in the direction of mass x-axis) the vehicle will move toward left direction, if a hand
attached to spring produce the change in capacitance. tilts forward (positive y-axis) the vehicle will move towards
The electrical part transforms the change in the electrical forward direction,
signal i-e voltage. These values are then process by PIC if a hand tilts backward (negative y-axis) the vehicle will
microcontroller which transmits the corresponding control move towards backward direction, if a hand tilts along z-axis
signal wirelessly to the mobile robot unit via Xbee. Similarly, the vehicle will produce a horn or will lit a light.
in mobile robot unit PIC microcontroller is assisted by The most amazing feature of this project is that the vehicle
peripherals like Xbee (RF MODULE) and stepper motor and could move in precise angle which is not considered in
dc motor along derivers i-e ULN2003 and L293DNE previous gestures based vehicle systems. For example, if the
respectively. Xbee receive transmitter value then drive tilting angle of a hand is 90 degrees then vehicle will move
the motor PIC 18f452 microcontroller for controlling the towards rightest or most left and if the tilting angle is less
than 90 degrees then vehicle will move with less angel toward

9 | FICT URC1-2016
right or left based upon the tilt direction of hand. This project
requires no computer for storing gesture sign and software i-e
visual or Matlab etc.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
1. Precise angle of stepper moto on front wheel at
receiver module.
2. Precise values of Accelerometer ADXL335 at
Transmitter module
III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
Figure 3: Transmitter module
Figure 4: Receiver module
IV. METHODOLOGY
On transmitter side the circuit board is mounted on hand
which contain the accelerometer, microcontroller and XBEE
transmitter. The accelerometer senses the tilting position of
hand in left, right, up, down and these gestures gives the
corresponding analog signal to microcontroller. The
microcontroller converts the analog value taken from
accelerometer into digital value via ADC module. On mean
time the values which is taken from accelerometer display on
LCD display. These values/data send to XBEE transmitter
through UART module that is built in microcontroller. The
transmitter
will transmit the data to base station (vehicle on receiver
side). If a hand tilts right (positive x-axis) the vehicle will
move towards right direction
If a hand tilts left (negative x-axis) the vehicle will move
toward left direction, if a hand tilts forward (positive y-axis)
the vehicle will move towards forward direction, if a hand
tilts backward (negative y-axis) the vehicle will move towards
backward direction If a hand tilts along z-axis the vehicle will
produce a horn or will lit a light. The XBEE receiver takes
the transmitted data and through UART module the data
sends to microcontroller mounted on a vehicle. The vehicle
moves with the help of two Motors, i.e Stepper Motor and DC
Motor. Stepper Motor moves front wheels of a vehicle and
DC Motor moves the rare wheels. For running Stepper Motor
we used a driver (ULN2003) and for DC Motor we used a
driver (L293D). On particular conditions the vehicle will
move and change its direction corresponding to the tilting
position of our hand, e.g. as hand tilt left then vehicle
will move in left direction, if hand tilt right then vehicle
will move in right direction, as hand tilt up then vehicle will
move in forward direction. And if hand tilt down then vehicle
will move in reverse direction.
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
It is always a challenge to make the things simpler and
cheaper the way they were before. We tried to emphasize on
those concepts and thats why we built a wireless hand
gesture control robot. People used PC or remote to control the
robot car but controlling it via hand gesture makes it easier
than
ever before to control a robot. Also our main target was to
make it less expensive so we were more conscious about
choosing the components. We tried to make it less
expensive but we did not compromise on the quality. We tried
to make it more reliable and simple. The biggest advantage of
our project is that its very easy to control. We have achieved
our objective i.e. the control of a robotic vehicle using
gestures. Our robotic vehicle is showing proper response
whenever we move our hand in specific direction like right,
left, forward and backward.
REFERENCES
[1] Singh, S.; Keller, P., "Obstacle detection for high speed autonomous
navigation," RoboticsAnd Automation, 1991. Proceedings.1991 IEEE
International Conference on, vol., no. pp.2798, 2805 vol.3, 9-11 Apr 1991
[2] L. Barthes, P. Menezes, F. Lease, and J. Hayet. Face tracking and hand
gesture recognition for human robot interaction. In International Conference
on Robotics and Automation, Pages 1901-1906, 2004. New Orleans,
Louisiana.
[3] Geng Yang, Yingli Lu, motor and motion control system, Tsinghua
University Press, 2006.3, pp.85-110.
[4] D. Press, Sci Sports: Killer Robots, 11March 2013. [Online].
Available:
[5] http://press.discovery.com/us/sci/programs/sci-sports-killer-robots.
[Accessed 21 May 2014].
10 | FICT URC1-2016
 Wireless Hand Gesture Based Wheelchair For Physically
Challenged People
Bahaudin, Usama qazi, Nadeem ahmad, Nizar ahmad ,Atif ullah
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Atifullah@buitms.edu.pk

Abstract -This paper is to develop a wheel chair control

which is useful to the physically disabled person with android
application touchpad or acceleration technology.Tremendous
leaps have been made in the field of wheelchair technology.
However, even these significant advances have not been able to
help quadriplegics navigate wheelchair unassisted.It is
wheelchair which can be controlled by smart phone. It uses an
android application having touchpad and accelerometer
characteristics and interprets the motion intended by user and
moves accordingly. In Acceleration the smartphone is used as
Acceleration sensor. When we change the direction, the sensor
registers values are changed and that values are given to
arduino. Depending on the direction of the Acceleration,
arduino controls the wheel chair directions like LEFT, RIGHT,
FRONT, and BACK. The aim of this paper is to implement
wheel chair direction control with hand gesture reorganization.
II. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
In the paper on hand gesture wheelchair command input is
taken from android mobile and converted into text and this
text is given to the arduino via Bluetooth module to control
the operation of D.C. motors. Input method is switched
through switches and input is given by any two methods to
Arduino that is either touchpad or accelerometer. Two D.C.
motors are used to provide motion.
The following figure illustrates the important wheelchair
terminologies that need to be considered while designing a
wheelchair

Index Terms - Arduino Control, android, smartphone

I. INTRODUCTION
Patients having injuries and physical disabilities and with
Fig1: wheelchair terminology
good mental health, faces a lot of difficulty when using the
The location of the drive wheels (the wheels powered by the
conventional hand powered wheelchair. This project enables
motor) in the rear, middle or front of the chair has a definite
an economic assembly in any existing wheelchair that enables
effect on the chairs performance in different environments.
a smart system for automated motion which can be controlled
A Smartphone is a mobile phone built on a mobile OS, it has
by any Smartphone. The concept particularly mentions
more advanced computingcapability and connectivity than an
Smartphone which covers devices like any Android powered
ordinary phone. Most Smartphones are equipped with
mobile phone which have inbuilt 3 axis accelerometer and
accelerometers for user interface control. Also most smart
Bluetooth Wireless technology. The functionality can be phones have Bluetooth Wireless Technology inbuilt in the
extended to other mobile devices using a suitable application. device for various small range wireless applications like
The other end of the system has an arduino and DC motor for headset, file transfer, wireless input devices etc. the following
linear motion of the wheelchair. The DC motor connected to project uses above features of the Smartphone to use it as a
the rear wheels enables linear motion. Following are some transmitter and control device and completely eliminating the
detail about the project need for a separate transmitter block.
This is an android based automated wheelchair that can be
Bluetooth present in the Smartphone can be tapped using
used by differently able.
protocol stacks in the app design environment of the mobile
It uses android based Smartphones which have inbuilt axis
operating system.
accelerometer sensors and Bluetooth wireless technology.
The proposed concept exploits these features of the smart
phones to use at as a transmitter and control device.
This is an android based automated wheelchair that can be
used by differently able.

11 | FICT URC1-2016
 REFERENCES

[1] Santhanam, V., & Viswanathan, V. (2013, January). Smartphone

accelerometer controlled automated wheelchair. In Proceedings of the 3rd
International Conference on Electronics, Biomedical Engineering and its
Applications (pp. 57-61).
[2] Gupta, S. Android Based Mobile Drive System.

[3] Chicago Khadilkar, S. U., & Wagdarikar, N. (2015, January). Android

phone controlled voice, gesture and touch screen operated smart
wheelchair. In Pervasive Computing (ICPC), 2015 International
Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Fig2: Flowchart of the proposed system

III. NEED OF PROJECT:

This paper develops a wheel chair control which is useful

to the physically disabled person with his hand movement or
his hand gesture reorganization. With the help of the wheel
chair physically disabled person would able to move himself
to the desired location with the help of smartphone which
controls the movement of the chair. This paper aims to
provide a feasible solution to those handicapped people who
do not have the ability to maneuver the wheelchair by
themselves. These include people with serious paralytic
condition. Wheelchair automated control systems proved to
be versatile tools for many problems in human-computer
interface systems.

IV. FUTURE PROSPECTS

Proposed System can also alarm the user about the obstacle.
Improvements can be made by using various hand gestures of
the user. Battery can be recharged by alternator. Automatic
balancing of sitting area can be provided using secondary
accelerometer in case of bumps and curbs.

V. CONCLUSION

In our project we designed and fabricated Android Based

Automated Smart Wheelchair, which can be used on inclined
and flat terrains and obstacles. The results are as follows-
1. Users can use their existing android phones to
download and install the android app to use it as a
controller for their wheelchair.
2. The use of the existing android phone considerably
reduces the cost of the wheelchair.
3. The operation of the wheelchair is done by tilting the
smartphone in different directions.
4. Front wheel drive provides high maneuverability,
have less turning radius as compared to rear wheel
drives and are optimal for handling obstacles and
inclines.

12 | FICT URC1-2016
 Intelligent Priority based Load Distribution Systems
Sheran Imtiaz, Tauseef Rasheed, Mohammad Awais, Syed Mudassir
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
m.sheranimtiaz@gmail.com
Abstract - In past, breakers interlocks schemes were used B. Hardware Requirements
for load shedding. This paper introduces the need for a modern Arduino, Current Transformer (CT), Potential Transformer
load shedding scheme and provide the new technology of (PT), LCDs, LEDs Voltage Regulator, Vero Boards, Resistor,
intelligent load distribution system. We focus on micro grids Capacitors, Power Supply, Printed Circuit Board (PCB),
and propose priority-based operational micro grid. Proposed
Bridge Rectifier, ZigBee (Xbee), Wire
load distribution system has potential to utilize the accessible
energy in an efficient manner and system is smart enough to Intelligent Priority Based Load Distribution System, the aim
provide desired output. of the project is to effectively distribute electricity. Various
sensors, display and controlling devices are used in this
Index Terms - load management, load shedding, power system, project. For measuring various parameters (voltage, current)
micro grids, IPLDS values, various sensors are used and the output of these
sensors are converted to control the parameters. The control
I. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND unit is Arduino. The output of the sensors are fed to control
In the year 1878, Thomas A. Edison began his incredible
unit. The output of the Arduino is used to display the
work on the research of electric light and formulated the parameter value on LCD. In addition to the LCD display
concept of the lighting in the surrounding area, which was Ardunio output are also used to drive a relay independently.
driven by a centrally located power station. Realization of the The relay energizes and de-energizes automatically according
research came in the year of 1879 and by 1882, September 4, to the condition of the parameter defined. Condition is if the
he set up a historic pearl street station in New York City, available power is less than demand then switch of the lowest
making him the pioneer batch of scientist in the World of priority load. In addition we have two system connected with
Electric Utility Industry. each other. When the sensor of one of this system senses no
In general, load shedding can be defined as the amount of value i.e. there is no power or electricity both system
load which is removed from a power system due to shortage communicate to each other vie a ZigBee and provide power or
of power or due to fault occurs in transmission or in electricity to other system to provide the electricity to high
production. If load shedding is due to shortage of power then priority load.
one solution is to add additional bulk power in the system
which requires time and huge capital investment, hence load C. Block diagram
shedding is compulsory. Domestic users and industries are
suffering from extreme load shedding in Pakistan. Hence
intelligent energy management system or IPLDS are being
developed under the smart grid.
Intelligent priority based load distribution system (IPLDS)
would present more realistic approach towards energy issues
including shortage of power. The essence of IPLDS is to
deliver power using most reliable method. IPLDS would
provide control on the distribution end to keep demand well
under available sources.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
IPLDS Design and implementation is both hardware and
software project. Hence the requirements of the project are of
two types.
A. Software Requirements
Arduino IDE, Proteus ISIS

13 | FICT URC1-2016
 Figure 2: Flow Chart

III. CONCLUSION:
Intelligent Priority Based Load Distribution System is not
limited for any particular application, it can be used anywhere
where power is to be distribute with little modification in
software coding according to the requirements. This concept
not only ensures that our work will be usable in the future. In
this project we have studied and implemented a complete
working model using a microcontroller.

REFERENCES
[1] http://www.hersheyenergy.com/voltage_irregularities.html.[last seen
12/16/2015]
[2] http://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/energy/worsening-
electricity-shortages-fuel-growingcrisis#ixzz2dHy9b4Tb [last seen
01/03/2015]
[3] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardMega2560 [last seen
01/03/2015]
[4] Said Fathy El-Zoghdy, A Capacity Based Load Balancing and Job
Migration Algorithm for Heterogeneous Computational Grids,
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communication (IJCNC)
Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2012. [last seen 12/02/2016]
[5] T. Amudha, T. T. Dhivyaprabha; QoS Priority Based Scheduling
Figure 1: IPLDS Block Diagram Algorithm and Proposed Framework for Task Scheduling in a Grid
Environment, IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in
Information Technology, MIT, Anna University, Chennai, June 2011. [last
seen 12/12/2015]

D. Flow Chart

14 | FICT URC1-2016
15 | FICT URC1-2016
 Maximum Power Point Tracking Solar System
Aslam khan, Aimal khan, Ata-ur-rehman, Irfan khan, Muhammad junaid
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
aslam.quetta@gmail.com
The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) plays a vital role
Abstract - Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) plays a in maximizing the efficiency of a Photovoltaic PV system.
vital role for maximizing the efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) Perturb and Observe P&O algorithm is implemented widely
system. P&O algorithm is widely implemented in PV system to in PV system to improve the environmental adoptability. In
improve the steady state accuracy and environmental the past years numerous MPPT techniques have been
adaptability, However the steady state performance and
introduced, they differ in their algorithms, complexity,
dynamic performance are restricted by step size and the step
size problem can be solved by the P&O algorithm which efficiency, sensors required, cost etc. It is useless to impose an
automatically adjusts the step size to track the PV array. expensive or complicated technique if with a simpler and less
expensive technique similar goals can be achieved. This is the
Index Terms - DC to DC Converter, PV, MPPT reason why P&O method is chosen
III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
I. INTRODUCTION
In this method the sign of the last perturbation and the sign of
The aim of this project is to propose a technique able
the last incremented are used to calculate what the next
to track maximum power operating point .As global warming
perturbation should be. As shown in the fig (2.2) on the left of
energy policies and sources of energy have become the topics
the MPP incrementing the voltage increases the power, while
of great attention on International forum. Developed countries
on the right of the MPP decrementing the voltage results in
have tried their best to minimize their greenhouse emission.
the increase of power. If the power increases then the
Under the circumstances photovoltaic (PV) power generation
perturbation should be kept in the same direction and if the
has an important role to play because of the fact that it is a
power decreases then the perturbation should be kept in the
green house. The only emissions from the PV power
reversed direction. Keeping in mind these facts an algorithm
generation are those from the production of its components.
is designed. The process is repeated until MPP is reached.
After installation they start generating electrical energy from
Then the operating point oscillates around the MPP. This
the solar irradiations without the emission of any greenhouse
method states that the derivative of the power in terms of the
gases. Their life time is about 25 years in which PV panels
voltage is zero.
produce energy more than their production. Also they have
the advantage to be installed in places with no other use such
as roofs, deserts or they can produce electricity in remote
locations where there is no electricity network or they can
produce electricity from remote locations which is called off-
grid station and they may prove to be the most economical
alternative to provide electricity in isolated areas. However
most of the PV power is provided by the grid connected
power stations where the energy from the PV is fed into the
grid power station. No doubt it is an advanced and less
expensive method of power generation and is adopted by most
of the developed counties such as Germany which in 2014 is
by far the most PV powered generation country followed by
Spain, Japan, USA and Italy [1] .

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

MPPT technology is used as a benefit in varying Figure 1: Algorithm

environmental conditions because of the different angles and
exposure to the sun. These limitations make it important to
transfer all power using MPPT technology. It is used to obtain
the most power possible from PV solar module. PV solar
modules do not have a linear voltage and current relationship.
The algorithm of the P&O method is given in fig (2.2). At the
operating point if the derivative of power dP>0 then the
perturbation increases move the operating point on the PV
panel towards the MPP and done through Vref (t2) = Vref
(t2) +C and if the derivative of the power dP<0 then the
perturbation (decreases) and move the operating point on the
panel away from the MPP and done through Vref (t2) = Vref

16 | FICT URC1-2016
(t2)-C. If dP=0 then this operation point is the maximum
power point in the PV curve. The observation and the
perturbation taken from the output is in the form of duty
cycles. The duty cycle is given to the switch of the DC/DC
converter and then check the output power with scope. The
range of the duty cycle in between 0 and 1. One of the critical
weakness of the P&O method is that once it reaches the MPP
then it oscillates around the MPP which greatly reduces the
efficiency of this method [6]. We can minimize this drawback
through variation in the duty cycle and some control
mechanism as: When the value of dP is negative then
increasing the duty cycle until dP reaches Zero which is the
required MPP. At this point there will be no oscillations
IV. METHODOLOGY
Figure 2: Block Diagram of MPPT solar System
To design and implement the MPPT solar system
First design the block diagram and then design each
component individual. Design the current and voltage sensors
to measures the current and voltage of the PV panel.
Then design the synchronous buck converter Select the
microcontroller for programming and using c code for this
project.
Figure 3: circuit
After getting all components and combining them all
simulate it on PROTEUS for simulation and after this design
another schematic circuit for the hardware use and make
schematic for PCB (printed circuit board) for hardware.
Design circuit diagram, make schematic using any software
(Eagle or PROTEUS), design PCB, then Etch PCB and
mount components on it. After PCB check its continuity.
After programming compile it and generate Hex file which is
then burned into micro controller using PIC KIT Software.
Check the functioning if the code works properly then ok
otherwise correct the errors and then again compile and dump
program in PIC Microcontroller if ok then Connect all
components and check the hardware performance.
V. RESULTS
Results we obtain are shown in the form of following graphs:
Figure 4: Probe A is direct input 21v, Probe is output of SBC, Probe C is load
output and Probe D is PWM.
VI. FUTURE SCOPE:
Presently, the solar energy has gained a lot of importance
because it is less expensive and most beneficial source of
energy, however the steady state and dynamic performance
are restricted by step size and changing environmental
conditions. This problem can be overcome by using perturb
and observe P&O algorithm. Solar panels have nonlinear
current voltage characteristics, with a distinct max power
point MPPT and is dependent on environmental factors, such
as temperature and irradiation. In order to perform the task
smoothly the PV panels have to operate on their MPPT
despite of inevitable changes in the environment. This is the
reason behind the use of controllers of all solar power
electronic converters that imply the use of some method for
maximum power point tracking
REFERENCES
[1] European Union Climate and energy package, (the 20-20-20package)
[Accessed 13-nov-2015].
[2] A Comparative Study on Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for
Photovoltaic Power
[3] Systems Bidyadhar Subudhi, Senior Member, IEEE, and Raseswari
Pradhan.
[4] Dorofte C, Borup, U. and Blaabjerg, F. (2005) A Combined Two-Method
MPPT Control Scheme for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. 2005
European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Dresden, 11-
14 September 2005, 10
17 | FICT URC1-2016
 PLC Based Juice Preparation Using SCADA Software
Mohammad Fayyaz, Qurban Ali, Ahmer Atique, Ghulam Moinuddin, Atifullah
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
atifullah@buitms.edu.pk

Abstract - This project is about to use Arduino, PLC, readings and measurements. This will help reduce the
SCADA to drive four different motors to fill three tanks one synchronization problem.
with water and other with pure juice whereas third tank would
be used to mix up juice and water. We intended to design it
with its future prospect to be implemented in the industry. The
purpose of this project is
Controlling of liquid level with in tank. III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Extraction of liquid sweeteners and water after
reaching certain level by the designed system.
Stirring of Water and liquid sweetener in a separate
tank automatically.

I. INTRODUCTION

Juice preparation industry works on the following

principles described below:
Easily operate the plant processes include flow and
mixing control by motors.
Checking of water and liquid level by level sensors to
avoid over or under filling of vessel.
All these motors and level sensors are controlled by Figure1: Block diagram
PLC.
SCADA monitors the system. II. RESULTS

II. METHODOLOGY:
Juice after being crushed will be accumulated and stored in
the storage tank of the plant. The Level Transmitter is
installed on the juice storage tank. The tank should be filled
and depleted according to the fixed point defined by the
programming which will be done by sensor and controlled by
the PLC. Then the juice will be transferred to the boiler by
motor and signal will be fed to the PLC for the sake of
control. According to the fixed or desired point the value
would be compared with the filled point and the extra amount
of juice will be removed for later processing. Problems are
faced in synchronization of flow signal and level signal in
real time. .PLC helps achieve this of synchronization .The
main valves, receivers and transmitters are joined with
SCADA and PLC. The visual will be provided by SCADA of A. Advantages
the actual working of the plant. The PLC would control the Reduces the complexity.
valves actually. PLC would get readings from the Efficiently fulfills the plant requirement.
transmitters. Finally, PLC would create a database of all Remotely accessible.
Production increased.

18 | FICT URC1-2016
Improved Capacity.
Reduced Time.
Reduced Cost.

The proposed system can be used to mix different liquids

with different proportion.
The application of mentioned system can be further improved
by increasing the number of tanks.
III. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
This project which was about juice machine based on SCADA
and PLC provided us the opportunity to work with PLC,
practically. To conclude the Project Report we deem it
necessary to thank our Respectful Teachers, Senior Mentors,
Project Supervisor and Classmates for rendering their help as
much it was possible for them. SCADA and PLC based
Project has very broad future prospect and scope with
innovative ideas and hard work and interest of the students is
no exception.
The project was specifically designed to be submitted as a
final year project that is why with smaller components but it
could be implemented on the industrial scale to groom the
juice-squeezing plants efficiency.

REFERENCES
[1] Wilson, T., 1999, March. PLC based substation automation and SCADA
systems and selecting a control system integrator. In Western Electric Power
Institute Distribution/Substation Automation Workshop, Las Vegas,
Nevada (pp. 1-14).
[2] Kulkami, N.R., Murthy, H.V. and Raju, A.P., 2015, August. PLC based
intelligent power factor correctors for industrial power systems-A case study.
In Power and Advanced Control Engineering (ICPACE), 2015 International
Conference on (pp. 75-79). IEEE.

19 | FICT URC1-2016
Satellite Dish Antenna Tuning Using Android Application
Muhammad Arif , Mir Ahmed , Babar Ali, Muhammad Haleem
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
engr.arifhussain5@gmail.com

Abstract - In this paper, microcontroller was designed to advanced technology. For the study and adjust the position of
develop a satellite dish positioning system which can be operated the dish in any solid angle in horizontal plane or in the
by using a android phone. The main point of using a dish is to vertical plane through a smart phone or handy remote. Once
receive signal from satellites and other broadcasting sources. In the movement of dish antenna is controlled then one can tune
order to get the exact angle of position of the dish, it needs to be
the channels of different frequency bands.
adjusted manually. The dish was controlled by IR remote, there
was line of sight problem. These two methods are time The project consists of three phases Communication between
consuming. In order to overcome the difficulties of adjusting android to Bluetooth module. Transmission of data from
manually and IR remote, this paper helps in adjusting the Bluetooth module to microcontroller(Arduino) Then motors
position of the dish through an android phone. Android phone are driven by Microcontroller(according to the instructions
acts as a transmitter whose data is received by receiver which is in).
interfaced to a microcontroller of Arduino. The android phone First of all communication between android phone and
sends coded data to the receiver whose output is then sent to the Bluetooth module is conducted that bridges between mobile
microcontroller. The microcontroller sends the control signals to set and microcontroller which receives the commands and has
the motor through an interface known as relay driver
predefined instruction for each specific input which in turn
operates the motor
I. INTRODUCTION
III. SIMULATION AND SOFTWARE:
In the project Arduino microcontroller is designed to
The project was simulated in Proteus. The arduino library was
develop a satellite dish positioning system which could be
added. Connecting servo and stepper motor with arduino
controlled by using Android Phone. The vital purpose to use
board. For dish directions the push buttons up, down, left and
the dish is receiving and sending from and to satellites and
right were used. The simulation is as shown in figure:
other communication sources. It requires manual adjustment
of the dish position that is why it was important to create
manually. In order to overcome the difficulty of adjusting
manually, A remote control (android mobile handset) usage
for the purpose reduces the difficult to achieve the desired
control.

Figure1: Proposed system

The aim of this project to reduce the man power. There is no

need to call the cable operator to fix the antenna alignment.
The dish antenna can be fixed and alignment at home using
an android application. The android phone used for
alignment because it is easy to use for everyone. Dish
Antenna position and tuning is very important for getting
standard broadcasting singles from a satellite. If the dish
antenna is adjusted manually it is difficult to align it at the
best position therefor it is required to design with an
Figure 2: simulation
IV. METHODOLOGY:
Initially Dish positioning was controlled by the IR remote
sensor which was trouble-causing in a sense that it bore the
problem of Line of Sight. The Project was intended to
implement in the dealing with the two vertical and horizontal
angles through the usage of servo and stepper motors

20 | FICT URC1-2016
respectively. Android Phone replace the IR sensor with
Bluetooth module as a communication mode between
microcontroller and the command issuing hand set. A desired
command is generated from the mobile set which is then
transmitted to Arduino board that resultantly operates the
motors and adjusts the dish position by changing elevation
and azimuth angle. Purpose-oriented android app has been
developed for the purpose of using this circuit.
REFERENCE:
[1] Kumar, Gurrala Ajay, M. Ramya, and C. Ram Kumar. "Wedding of robots
with agriculture." Computing Communication & Networking
Technologies (ICCCNT), 2012 Third International Conference on. IEEE,
2012.
[2] Yoon, B., & Kim, S. (2013, October). Design of paddy weeding robot.
InRobotics (ISR), 2013 44th International Symposium on (pp. 1-2). IEEE.
[3] Chang, C. L., & Jhu, J. H. (2013, December). Zigbee-assisted mobile
robot gardener. In Automatic Control Conference (CACS), 2013 CACS
International(pp. 41-46). IEEE.
[4] Jothimurugan, P., Saravanan, J. M., Sushanth, R., Suresh, V.,
Subramaniam, H. S., Vasantharaj, S., & Yogeswaran, S. (2013, April).
Solar E-Bot for Agriculture. In India Educators' Conference (TIIEC), 2013
Texas Instruments(pp. 125-130). IEEE.
[5] Amer, G., Mudassir, S. M. M., & Malik, M. A. (2015, May). Design and
operation of Wi-Fi agribot integrated system. In Industrial Instrumentation
and Control (ICIC), 2015 International Conference on (pp. 207-212).
IEEE.
[6] Jiang, Guoquan, and Cuijun Zhao. "A vision system based crop rows for
agricultural mobile robot." Computer Application and System Modeling
(ICCASM), 2010 International Confe.rence on Vol. 11. IEEE, 2010.

A. Hardware:
Microcontroller board (Arduino)
Android Phone
Stepper Motor
Servo Motor
Bluetooth Device
B. Programming Languages:
IDE Arduino for the program of the microcontroller.
Proteus for circuit simulation.
Android studio was used for app development.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK:
The project was described the advance wireless technology
implementation. The project was successfully positioned and
tune the dish antenna using android application. Arduino
board for controlling the servo motor and stepper motor was
used and Bluetooth for communication between android
phone and microcontroller, which is better than IR remote,
because in IR there is a problem of line-of-sight. The motors
are more precise.
Bluetooth module is used for communication between android
phone with microcontroller but in future, technology is so
advanced so can communicate with a long range and high
penetration wireless technology such as Wi-Fi.
The motors will more accurate and precise, now a days also
working on stepper motor with feedback.

21 | FICT URC1-2016
 Time Awareness Clock using POV (Persistence of
Provision)
Zubair Ashraf, Israr Khan, M. Nauman Durrani, Zain Younas, Hamid Kareem
Department of Electronics Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
hamidkarim@buitms.eu.pk

Abstract - This project is composed of both the hardware In present world rapidly growing technology of display there
and software. The software is to program the hardware in is a need of low cost and energy efficient displaying
addition with the application of Arduino IDE, includes technology in market , persistence of version is one of the
microcontroller and LEDs to display the clock. The idea behind display technique which consumes less power with a display
using the clock is Persistence of version (POV). With the
of efficient characters. It is a low cost circuit with less usage
rotation of the LEDs (connected with a rotor) the clock
brightens and provides a clear display of the time table or of LEDs for this type of display
schedule for the convenience of Class Instructors there by
showing teachers notifications (i.e when to start and at what
time to finish) and an alarm will be generated by the buzzer at II. METHODOLOGY:
the end of class timing. The basic method used is the Persistence of vision. As the
LEDs rotate at a high speed they
I. INTRODUCTION
On large scale, it can be used to replace public LED
screens with Multi-color LEDs to make it as a Video
Screen/wall. It can be used not only as a stop watch but also
can be used in stadiums as a score board and in railway
stations to display timings for coming and departure of the
trains.

Figure3: time keeper registers

can be controlled with the help pf a microcontroller so as to
glow them in such a combination that a floating display is
formed. AC motor spins the propeller and a small
microprocessor keeps track of time and changes the pattern
Figure1: Timming Diagram
on
The rotational speed of the LEDs directly affects the frames
per second. If there is a more frame rate, it causes to the less
flickering of the picture. It is not easy to achieve high frame
rates in this project because of the propeller display displayed
the picture mechanically. The propeller has to be very well
balanced to reduce vibrations and keep proper speed of the
rotating LEDs. An alphabet would appear like

Figure2: Block diagram of the proposed system

22 | FICT URC1-2016
seven LEDs with exact timing to simulate an array of LEDs.

Figure4: Spectral Power distribution of several types of LEDs

Figure5: Alphabet
The data transferred is by serial communication. Serial
communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time,
sequentially, over a communication channel This is in contrast
to parallel communication, where several bits are sent as a
whole, on a link with several parallel channels.
REFERENCES:
[1] Sheikh Rafiq Manihar, Komal Prasad Dewangan and Ajay Kumar
Densana The design and construction of low cost Propeller Led display.
[2] George John P, Togis Thomas, Vishnu N. Nair Design and
implementation of MCU based Propeller clock.
[3] Joy Bhattacharjee, Pranay Sharma, Propeller Clock, Persistence of
Vision.
[4] Bhanu Pratap, 2Khushboo Kumari, 3Ankita Raturi & 4Abhishek Joshi
PROPELLER CLOCK Mechanically Scanned LED Clock.

Figure 6: Parallel Channels

23 | FICT URC1-2016
 Task Managing Application for Alzheimers disease
patients
Students: Bilal Ahmed, Zafar Ali Supervisor: Dr. Mumraiz Kasi
Department of Computer Sciences,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Bilalsarpara@gmail.com, zafaralihassani@gmail.com

Abstract -The patients of Alzheimers disease face many may record a message reminding them to take their
problems in performing their daily tasks. Most of the problem medication or telling them that they have an appointment.
arise due to the memory loss. In this project, we have made an They could also set their phone calendar to remind them.
application for such patients that will help them perform their 2) Locator Devices: An alternative (and less intrusive)
daily task without being dependent on others. The application
approach is to attach a small tile to each item and link these
makes use of the patients context (i.e. location and time) and
notifies the patients of the tasks to be performed. This to a smartphone using a simple app. One system like this
application can also benefit other people with such disabilities stores the last place your phone saw the tile. This location
or memory problems. can then be displayed on the phones map function.
I. INTRODUCTION III. PROPOSED APPROACH
The Alzheimer Disease is such a disease which causes Our Objective is to generate automated responses for the
due to the different incidents or accident and it starts effect on patients, make them independent of caretakers, and to remove
the human mind and slowly and gradually the person losses the panic factor from the family members of the patients.
his memories at last due to the losing of memories man can
cause death as well. Now a day the Alzheimer disease is also
found in the early young ages as well because of the traffic
incidents / falling from the hill/ fight attack and different
reason. Alzheimer patients have this problem for the short
periods, they ever forget the thing the passage of time like 15
minutes etc. and then they dont remember that what have
they done in this duration.
To support the memory of patients and make them
independent in their lives we are developing an application
for such people. The application would be android based.
The purpose of the Application is to help the Alzheimer
patients and to help them managing their tasks being not so
dependent on others. This sort of people cannot manage their
tasks easily due to forgetting or memory issues. Our purpose
is to make an easy and independent sort of application.
Fig. 1 View of Task Managing Application for Alzheimers disease patients
Primarily the main thing in the app is that it makes aware the
user about his location and tells him what he has to do in
As shown in the Fig 1 there is a marker on a location. When
context to the location. As mainly the app purpose is that
the user enters the premises of this location he/she will be
which makes aware the patient about his daily task on the
tracked by GPS using Latitude and Longitude. By entering
time and alerts him from unwanted way/ area/ effort.
the radius of the markers (Geofences) they will be notified
II. RELATED WORK with a message on their cell phone which will remind them of
their work in that particular area.
There are many different technologies that can be adapted to
A. Methodology: A map has been used in the application
the needs of someone with Alzheimer.
which is integrated into the application by maps API provided
1) Automated prompts and reminders: One type of reminder,
by the Google. The prominent locations on the map are drawn
based on a motion sensor, plays a pre-recorded voice prompt
through the add Circle function and a marker has been put
when there is movement nearby. For example, a sensor placed
inside the circle as being used for displaying information
near the front door could remind someone to lock the door, or
window to the user. For information window a xml file is
one in the kitchen could remind someone to turn the oven off.
used through which we get the title and the details being fed
Another kind of reminder does not detect movement but is set
to the marker.
to play a message at a certain time. For example, someone

24 | FICT URC1-2016
A background Intent Service is being used for sending the
notification to the user when they enter or leave area which is
being specified with latitude and longitude by the user.
Geofencing is the main theme of the application. It creates a
virtual boundary over the latitude and longitude provided by
the user. When user enters in that radius from any angle the
application triggers the message that is being related to his
work/task. The application gives guide to the patient based on
his/her location.
B. Implementation: To implement the idea of the App we
implemented the following components in our design.
1) Map:
Map is needed in order to locate the current location of the
user. The map is obtained from the google maps which has
integration in android studio with google map APIs and it is
being modified accordingly.
2) GeoFencing (Identifying Locations on the map):
Geofencing combines awareness of the user's current location
with awareness of the user's proximity to locations that may
be of interest. To mark a location of interest, you specify its
latitude and longitude. To adjust the proximity for the
location, you add a radius. The latitude, longitude, and radius
define a geofence, creating a circular area, or fence, around
the location of interest.
The locations are identified on the map by the help of
creategeofence function. The prominent locations (e.g.,
Colleges, Universities, Hospitals, and Shopping Malls etc.)
would be identified on the map by the developers. The
locations are identified by markers on the map for the android
studio has support and function. The radius of the marker will
be set for getting messages and notifications in that radius.
3) Markers / Circles
Markers identify locations on the map. The default marker
uses a standard icon, common to the Google Maps look and
feel. Markers are objects of type Marker, and are added to the
map with the GoogleMap.addMarker(markerOptions)
method.
The markers and circles are drawn on the map to identify the
location for the user. The circle is drawn by giving its
latitude, longitude and radius. And inside that circle a marker
is drawn.
4) Marker Info Windows
An info window allows you to display information to the user
when they tap on a marker. Only one info window is
displayed at a time. If a user clicks on another marker, the
current info window will be hidden and the new info window
will be displayed.
An info window is drawn oriented against the device's screen,
centred above its associated marker. The default info window
contains the title in bold, with the (optional) snippet text
below the title.
5) List of Tasks:
Tasks are stored in an array which stores the (Latitude,
Longitude and the message for the notification). When the
locations are identified and the tasks are added. The
application will create a list of those tasks. When the patient
gets in the radius of those locations the applications will give
a prompt message to the patient extracting it from the task
list. When the task is done it would be removed from the task
list automatically
6) Prompt Messages and Notifications:
For notifications, a background service in used which
monitors geofences and when an event occurs it triggers that
event. The service is known as IntentService.
The IntentService class provides a straightforward structure
for running running operations without affecting your user
interface's responsiveness. also, an IntentService isn't affected
by most user interface lifecycle events.
If the application is running in the background the user will
get a notification for the task which he has/she written for a
specific place or point. The prompts or messages will be
displayed to user on geofence entered or exited.
IV. CONCLUSION
The patients of Alzheimers disease face many difficulties in
their daily tasks which they have to do daily. They need
assistance and care from their loved ones to help them
achieve their tasks.
Our application helps the patients to perform their daily tasks
independently as their tasks are identified on the application;
and the application notifies them in the premises of the
location where they have to perform their tasks.
This application has several benefits in medical field. It can
also be used by general public to help them in daily activities.
We aim to extend it more for the benefit of the users and add
some more functionalities in it to make it more user friendly
and make the patients more independent.
REFERENCES
[1] https://developer.android.com/training/maps
[2] https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android-api/marker
[3] https://developer.android.com/training/location/geofencing.html
[4] https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID
=109
[5] https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html
25 | FICT URC1-2016
Graduate Educational System [GradEdSys]: A Web Based
Application for Graduate Studies Office
Hifza Afzal, Amir Shahzad Khokhar
Department of Computer Sciences,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Hifza700@gmail.com
Abstract This article talks about the traditional way of
handling of data of graduate students by Dean Graduates at
Graduate Studies Office. Where records are still maintained on
traditional registers and on non-customized software. The
management of data to be updated, accurate, information
regarding to graduate students is critical important. Through
Graduates Educational System (GradEdSys) information
retrieval will be easy, efficient and secure. Accurate information
will be retrieved on just a one click. It tracks all of the students
details from day one to last day of completion of course. It can
be used by educational institutes to maintain the graduates
student data. Can be implemented within an organization which
fulfils its policies. Allows any organization for maintaining
graduates records.
I. INTRODUCTION
Graduates Educational System (GradEdSys) has been
proposed to avoid such traditional system and a work that is
manually done on traditional registers or on non-customized
software. This manner of system leads to hardship with
regards to how data was managed, updated, stored and
retrieved. When data needs to be updated all copies must be
updated manually with great care. There out dated data
cannot recirculate through the system or even kept.
The objective or goal of this system is to centralize a
computer data to make the retrieval, updating and
maintenance efficiently. The major functions of system
includes to register and store details regarding to graduate
students and retrieval when needed.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Previously the Dean Graduate office totally relied on paper
records that are traditional way of managing and maintaining
graduate students data which contains several drawbacks.
Physically retrieving, altering and managing a paper data are
non-valued activities, as they are difficult to manage as well
to track.
This design and implementation of graduate educational
system and a web based user interface is to replace traditional
file system and create a database to centrally handle
information and access the information with such an ease to
web based interface. It decreases the time to access and
deliver graduates records. With centralized system it could be
done efficiently by just through a single query.
III. PROPOSED APPROACH
In todays world the technology is at its peak. The manual
system as said earlier is tiring and time wasting and is not
much effective. To address this issue a graduate educational
system has been proposed. It is a web application with
modular support.
This system is capable of keeping the records of registered
students such as their educational and personal information,
data about their thesis, about their status and data regarding
to their results. It provides centralized data with secure login
structure. Efficient access of data where collectively all results
in less measure of redundancy, dependency, lack of flexibility,
lack of sharing and poor security. Where all these drawbacks
are handled efficiently to generate effective results. The
systems checks the credentials and authenticate the users for
displaying the information related to their duties. The
GradEdSys authenticates the user by user name and
password and through these inputs also identify the user type.
It has two valid users with different privileges that are Admin
and Data Entry Operator (DEO).
IV. METHODOLOGY
There are two users for this system defined by their roles.
First is the admin (Director of graduate studies). It is this
person job to initiate the student. When the student arrives
the director accesses the list of accepted students and creates
entry for new student into graduate educational system
database. The list of new students can be filtered yearly,
semester wise or whether the sought degree is MS or PhD.
Further the director job is to record the semester wise
information regarding the students position.
Later the student progresses through the time then the thesis
chosen by the students added through the thesis details
leading to supervisors detail too.
Finally the director job is to indicate that the student is no
longer an active student upon the students graduation or
otherwise departure from university. This is done by selecting
degree status.
Another user with access to this system is Data Entry
Operator (DOE). It is the person with the rights of just adding
or enrolling a student, adding a details about thesis and
supervisor as well about their results into the system. DEO is
authorized with the duty to enter the information regarding to
the student.
26 | FICT URC1-2016
 automated system. This system provides a simple interface for
the maintenance of student information. Achieving this
objective using manually is difficult as the information is
scattered, can be redundant and collecting related information
can be very time consuming. But through GradEdSys we
possibly can get updated information that should improve the
efficiency of Dean Graduate office record system.
VII. CONCLUSION
The database is a far more efficient mechanism to store and
organize data than a paper records or a spreadsheets. The
proposed system was there by to make the use of automated
and centralized way of databases rather than the traditional
database in a high technology era. Through a simple queries
can possibly get the information relevant to the graduate
students.

REFERENCES
[1] S.R.Bharamagoudar, Geeta R.B, S.G.Totad: Web Based Students
Information Management, 6 June 2013, vol. 2 [journal]
[2] Manchanayake, R. G. (2007). Web based Student Management System
Fig. 1 shows the detailed flow graph of graduate educational system (Doctoral dissertation, University of Moratuwa) [Thesis-Abstract]
[3] McCormack, Colin, and David Jones. Building a web-based education
The detailed flow diagram is shown in Fig.1. This detailed system. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997. [book]
[4] Aggarwal, Anil K., ed. Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies:
flow diagram simply shows the association between the large Opportunities and Challenges: Opportunities and Challenges. IGI Global,
modules as well of their sub modules and of how they work. 1999. [book]
The design of the graduate educational system includes the
design of home page which provides the way to user to access
GradEdSys. Every user of GradEdSys has unique
username and password. Before getting access to the home
page the credentials are checked to authenticate the user.
Through the home page the user can further Add, update or
view the major modules that are student, result and thesis,
Moreover the reports can also be accessible too as needed.

V. IMPLEMENTATION
The system was with to work with Sql- Server database back-
end to store data. The front-end designing of an interface
through HTML, CSS, JavaScript and the server side scripting
done through Asp.net. As it is a web application with
modular support. So, divided into three major modules with
sub modules.
The first one is student module in which the student firstly
will be enrolled. The second one is about semester wise
student results and the third one module is of thesis which
includes details about the thesis and of supervisor as well.
These all then can be updated the data regarding to student,
thesis or results as well can be viewed faculty, department or
CMSID wise.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The design as well the implementation of this system and
user interface will replace the current paper record by the

27 | FICT URC1-2016
 A Web App for Spare Parts Shop
Abdul Wasay, Maqbool Ahmed, Safder Ali, Muhammad Junaid khan
Department of Computer Sciences,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
maqboolalizai@yahoo.com

Abstract Problem Statement: When the customer wants to shops. Since the application is available on internet so it is
buy a spare part of his/her Automobile, first they have to find easily accessible and always available.
the shop location and then travel a long distance to visit the
shop. Even though they are not sure of the availability of the
product weather the spare part they are finding or trying to
buying is available at the shop or not. Many Spare parts of
different Models that they cannot find or are not available for
purchase in their home countries.
Contribution: The project aim is to deliver the online shopping
application for Toyota spare parts. This project is an attempt to
provide the advantages of online shopping to customers of a real
shop. It helps buying the products in the shop anywhere through
internet by using a computer or laptop. Thus the customer will
get the service of online shopping and home delivery from his
Fig. 1 Purchasing Activity [4].
favorite shop.
Significance: Variety Most physical stores have a limited
array of products. They can only hold so many items, and there The above Fig shows the relationship of purchasing product
are often many policies affecting the availability of products [1]. Online Shopping in the busy life of customers.
Fewer Traps you wont feel the pressure to buy other things When the customer wants to buy a spare part of his/her
[1]. Automobile, first they have to find the shop location and then
Discreet Shoppingshopping online gives you privacy because travel a long distance to visit the shop. Even though they are
you wont have people looking at you while you shop. Not only not sure of the availability of the product weather the spare
that, but the receipts are usually made so that no one will know part they are finding or trying to buying is available at the
what you bought [1]. shop or not. Many Spare parts of different Models that they
Convenience shopping online is convenient. You dont need to
cannot find or are not available for purchase in their home
get dressed and drive to your favorite store. You can easily visit
their website, find the product you want and buy it without countries.
getting out of your pajamas [2] [3]. A customer just needs an internet connection and
Ease of access, 24/7 hours Available, better price, related spare computer/laptop/mobile to get access to the Haji Abdullah
parts and much more [3]. Nasar Spare part website.
The project objective is to deliver the online shopping
application. This project is an attempt to provide the
I. INTRODUCTION
advantages of online shopping to customers of a real shop. It
This project is a web based shopping system for an helps buying the products in the shop anywhere through
existing shop of Spare parts. The project objective is to internet by using a computer or laptop. Thus the customer
deliver the online shopping application. This project is an will get the service of online shopping and home delivery
attempt to provide the advantages of online shopping to from his favorite shop.
customers of a real shop. It helps buying the products in the B. System Flow:
shop anywhere through internet by using a computer or The aim of this project is to advertise and promote internet
laptop. Thus the customer will get the service of online marketing which is the best way to market a business and this
shopping and home delivery from his favorite shop. This is the First online Spare parts business in Baluchistan Web-
system can be implemented to any shop in the locality or to based application which helps people to find the desired spare
multinational branded shops having retail outlet chains. parts based on the customers / users needs and other
A. Motivation for extended work. specification like price, company, model, model year and
This system can be implemented to any shop in the locality or more.
to multinational branded shops having retail outlet chains.
According to the research based on online shopping results
that, if shops are providing an online portal where their
customers can enjoy easy shopping from anywhere, the shops
wont be losing any more customers to the trending online

28 | FICT URC1-2016
 You are able to look for specific Spare Part that includes
model number, style, size, and color that you want to
purchase [4].
IV. CONCLUSION
Now a day, online shopping has become popular among
people, they have become techno savvy and feel very
comfortable in using internet. So online shopping has
becoming a trend that is why we thought to develop a web
app for Haji Abdullah Nasar Toyota Spare Part Shop which
will help him in enlarging his business and also help people
in purchasing spare parts from his web application.

REFERENCES

[1] http://onlineshoppingpaper.blogspot.com
[2] http://hseangelica.blogspot.com
[3] http://www.tutorialspoint.com/asp.net/asp.net_tutorial.pdf
[4] https://www.microsoft.com/enpk/download/details.aspx?id=306

Figure 2 Context Level DFD

II. METHODOLOGY
The Incremental software process model was used to
implement the entire project.
Advantages of incremental process model
Generates working software quickly and early during
the software life cycle [3].
This model is more flexible less costly to change
scope and requirements [3].
It is easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration
[3].
In this model customer can respond to each built [3].
Lowers initial delivery cost [3].
Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are
identified and handled during itd iteration [3].
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
There are many advantages of online shopping system like
A. Better Prices
The vast majority of online stores offer prices that are much
lower than what you will find at a physical store [4].
B. Time Saving
Do you have the specific list that you want to buy? With just a
couple of clicks of the mouse, you can purchase your
shopping orders and instantly move to other important Spare
part, which can save time [4].
C. Comparison of Prices
The advanced innovation of search engine allows you to
easily check prices and compare with just a few clicks [4].
D. Easy to Search Spare Part You Want to Buy

29 | FICT URC1-2016
 Periodic Table Learning Management System (PTLMS)
Mohib Ullah , Abdul Moeez , Zainab Shakoor , Miss, Sadaf Riaz
Department of Computer Sciences,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Mohibkakar6@gmail.com

Abstract The purpose of (PTLMS) is to provide the
platform for the students to easily understand the chemical
reactions, their properties and information about the periodic
table elements. This package permits the students to learn the
basics of Acids, Bases and their compound properties. This
desktop application have the capability to provide the answers
of subject related questions. The interface of this application is
interactive and easy to use for the learners of class 9th and 10.
In this application the elements and their reactions are
graphically represented which offers the convenience for the
students for easy learning. PTLMS provides the interactive,
easy and learnable educational environment.
I. INTRODUCTION
There are around 120 types of elements discovered by the
scientist in the subject of chemistry. 90 elements naturally
exist in nature. All known elements are arranged
systematically in a table of elements called periodic table.
Periodic table is an important part of chemistry subject which
provides the complete information about the elements and
their types. They are arranged according to the number of
protons, neurons and electrons in atomic nuclei and grouped
according to their chemical. The taste of acids are sour,
corrosive to metals, change litmus colour into (dye extracted
from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with
bases. Bases feels slippery and changes the colour of litmus
into blue, and become less basic when mixed with acid.
students to learn efficiently. The quiz is an important part of
PTMLS which helps the students to evaluate their learning
competency. This desktop application can be used in schools,
collages, Laboratories, and chemistry Labs.
IV. METHODOLOGY
In order to remove the difficulty to understand the periodic
table elements we proposed the desktop application PTLMS.
We added different modules in this desktop application which
helps the students to understand the periodic table elements,
their atomic structure, Acids, Bases and chemical reactions in
a graphical from. Each module contains the related
information about the periodic table and clearly defines the
desired questions of the students. History of the periodic table
is defined to help the students to know about the innovation
of the elements and periodic table. The students can easily
understand chemical reactions through graphical
representation and from user defined chemical reactions user
can put the desired elements and get the chemical reactions of
it. The quiz is an important part of PTMLS which helps the
students to evaluate their learning competency. Figure1 is
representing the main page of (PTLMS).

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Students of 9th and 10th class were facing challenges to
understand the periodic tables elements and their properties.
Lack of graphical representation causes to increase the level
of difficulty in understanding the periodic table elements,
their chemical reactions, Lewis structure of Acids and Bases.

III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM:

For the students of class 9th and 10th it was difficult
understand the periodic table elements and their properties
without the graphical representation. This desktop application
provides interactive learning platform for the students in
order to understand the main topics of chemistry for example
periodic table elements, basic information of acid and bases,
Figure1: Main Window PTLMS
chemical reactions, compounds and their complete
information. The graphical representation of the chemical V. CONCLUSION
reaction and their atomic structure makes it easy for the

30 | FICT URC1-2016
In order to remove the difficulty to understand the periodic
table we have developed this desktop application. The
purpose of (PTLMS) is to provide the interactive learning
platform for the students to easily understand the acid, bases,
chemical reactions, their properties and information about the
periodic table elements. This package permits the students to
learn the basics of Acids and Bases and their compound
properties. This desktop application will have the capability
to provide the answers of subject related questions. . In this
application the elements and their reactions are graphically
represented which offers the convenience for the students for
easy learning. PTLMS provides the interactive, easy and
learnable educational environment for the students of 9th and
10th classes.
REFERENCES
[1] https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=SOURCE+OF+ELEMENTS+IN+P
ERIODIC+TABLE&oq=SOURCE+OF+ELEMENTS+IN+PERIODIC+
TABLE&aqs=chrome..69i57.12922j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

31 | FICT URC1-2016
 Repeating course Web Portal
Saba Khalid, Abdul Haseeb Butt, Sidra Attique, Miss Kanza Ali
Department of Computer Sciences,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Saba_khalid27@ hotmail.com
Abstract Repeating Course Web Portal is a web based
application which helps student to submit their repeating or
improving course enrolment request online. Student dont need
to suffer from lengthy process of submitting form.
I. INTRODUCTION
This project is aimed at developing an online repeating
course web portal that is of importance for university
organization. The Repeating Course web Portal is an internet
based application that can be accessed throughout the world.
This system can be used to automate the workflow of Students
Enrollment in subject. To provide easy and help full
environment for students and provides ease for Focal Person
for accessing record.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
1. Access of paper work.
2. Student has to suffer from lengthy process for
submitting their form and fee challan.
3. While filling form student exactly do not know the
course title, credit hours, course code and pre-
requisites of course.
4. Writing mistakes are common.
5. It is very difficult for focal person to manage and
check forms manually.
III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
The product is supposed to be an open source, under the GNU
general Public License. It is a web based system
implementing client-server model. The web portal provides
an easy access to student and faculty members for enrollment.
User Account: The web master will created the admin who
will manage the information about the enrollment of students
and their fee process as well as their appearance in the
subjects.
This system will consist a web portal will provide an access
for focal person to check and enroll the students by approving
their request. The student does not have to worry if her/his
from miss place in file system and also have a feedback
wither they are enrolled or rejected due to increase in credit
hours or fail in pre-requisite. The app will provide the well-
formed interface and reports and approve and rejection
control. Student are informed the deadlines for enrollment for
regular sessions. Students are provided with automatic list of
subject according to different board of studies which are
applied on different admit terms in academia.
IV. USER CLASSES AND CHARACTERISTICS
Following users will use this software after deployment:
Administrator
Students
Focal Person
V. METHODOLOGY
Focal Person Login to the system through the first page of the
application. See his/her course enrolment history for
requested courses from students. Web Master will create and
update the accounts of focal person and students. Student sign
up and login to the system through the first page of the
application, fill the course enrolment request form and then
later check his/her status of request from Focal Person.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. To provide web portal for students to submit their
requests online without errors and delay.
2. To provide an online environment to students for RPT
courses from different board of studies applied on
different admit terms. Students can check the status
of their requests online and on the other hand they
can apply for other courses according to undergrad
policies of university.
3. To reduce Errors.
4. Paper work will be reduced.
5. Provide online records of repeating courses of
students.
6. Focal person also have to just approve or reject
requests online.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praise to almighty ALLAH, the most gracious and the
most merciful. Without His blessings and guidance our
accomplishment would have never been possible.
We owe a debt of gratitude to our supervisor Madam Kanza
Ali. We are very grateful for his help and invaluable
guidance, patience and continued encouragement she
provided to us on countless occasions. She has given our
ongoing progress a continued support which has helped us in
completing this thesis successfully. Without his assistance
this project would have been a much greater task and it would
have been very difficult to complete it on time.
We would also like to acknowledge the overall support of
department faculty members for their technical help in the
related areas and important technical comments that we
found useful for writing in our project report. Specially, we
are grateful to our loving parents and elders who provide us
32 | FICT URC1-2016
with all sorts of moral and social support in our life. Our
words are insufficient to express our feelings and gratitude to
our loving family.
We pray that may Allah (the most high) give us strength and
courage so that we can to serve our Nation and country.

REFERENCES
[1] http://www.technogumbo.com/tutorials/Red5-Media-Server-
Development-Setup-Tutorial/Red5-Media-Server-Development-
Setup-Tutorial.php
[2]http://en.it-usenet.org/thread/17298/2226/

33 | FICT URC1-2016
 Traffic police Challan automation
Muhammad Dawar Malik Hassan Raza Mohammad Abbas, Mohammad Junaid
Department of Computer Sciences,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
m_dawar93@yahoo.com
Abstract Anyone who performs violation of traffic rules,
suffers from lengthy process of challan so this project is aimed
at developing an online challan automation system. The Traffic
police challan automation is a web based application which
helps people to pay the CHALLAN on the spot The Traffic
Police Warden can provide their User name or password to
easily login the TPCA.
I. INTRODUCTION
This project is aimed at developing an online CHALLAN
automation system that is of importance to a traffic police
Baluchistan. The traffic police CHALLAN automation
System (TPCAS) is an Internet based application that can be
accessed throughout the world. This system can be used to
automate the workflow of CHALLAN in a city. There are
features like create CHALLAN, clear dues, create account,
create violation, and update record. The TRAFFIC POLICE
CHALLAN AUTOMATION is a Web Based application
which helps people to pay the CHALLAN on the spot The
Traffic Police. The User Can Easily Check there CHALLAN
against the violation. This web app provide the convenience
to user then do not go to BANK and to pay the fine then come
back to post and receive there document now this app is
provide to pay the CHALLAN on the spot to warden
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
When CHALLAN was filed against any violator then
Warden fill CHALLAN form manually
Warden takes any documents from violator
Warden give two copies of CHALLAN form to that
violator and keeps other one CHALLAN copy with
him and ask violator to pay CHALLAN after two days
in national bank
Violator go to national bank and pay their CHALLAN
over there.
Violator go to any police post and show CHALLAN
form there then wardens search violator documents
and return it to them
Wardens also suffer from a lengthy process they give
their CHALLAN book to admin where admin
manually computerize wardens details and
CHALLAN they filed
NBL also charge 20 RS per CHALLAN from traffic
police.
There is no any computerized record of violators
Sometime wardens also takes bribe from violators
which is equal to fine amount of violation
Wardens also misuse CHALLAN books.
As it seems that it is a lengthy and frustrated process for both
violators.
If we can have any system by which warden can receive
CHALLAN fee from violators on the spot then this will solve
many problems like
When violator perform violation warden file
CHALLAN by using TPCA
He ask violator to pay on the spot and after payment
warden clear violator.
Warden when clear CHALLAN and receive
CHALLAN fee from violator then this amount will be
added in his account so that he have to pay that
amount to admin at the end of the day in order to
clear his dues.
Admin clear dues of warden after receiving dues
amount from warden
III. WORKING:
The product is supposed to be an open source, under the GNU
general Public License. It is a web based system
implementing client-server model. The traffic police challan
automation provide the challan pay on the spot.
User Account: The web master will created the admin who
will manage the information about the dues and violation and
This system will consist a web portal web portal will provide
a traffic police sergeants that he can easily cut out the challan
and the user will pay the challan on the spot. The Violator
have not worry about their documents because when he doing
the violation the Warden can access our web and cut the
challan and he user will pay on the spot .For that, a database
will be used. Constraints:The interface will most likely not be
the same for every one of them. Also, there may be a
difference between what navigation features each of them
provide. The Internet connection is also a constraint for the
application. Since the application fetches data from the
database over the Internet, it is crucial that there is an
Internet connection for the application to function.
A. Specific requirements:
This section contains all of the functional and quality
requirements of the WEB APP. It gives a detailed description
of the WEB APP and all its features. For an External
34 | FICT URC1-2016
Requirement Violator which violates can easily Pay update, delete violation and clear warden dues same as for
CHALLAN by on the support traffic police employee warden can create violator challan and
B. User Classes and Characteristics: clear violator challan as well. Web master function are to
The main class is person class which is divided into four create registration and update, delete for Admin and warden
main components or entities following are the entities. accounts. Violator can only check challan against CNIC by
Violator using search bar.
Employ Object class are:
Law Dues which is storage for data and dues on warden
Account and violator.
Dues Log table which stores the time of login logout.
Admin will manage the accounts of admin class and Warden And violation which stores information or rules
Class by providing access to interact with Web App. Admin implanted on while we are driving.
use the registration Process for Admin and warden and create
accounts and Give them ids and passwords along with role to
access web app.
C. Admin
Violation is a set of rule used for better environment
while driving on the road by using his rights he can view
warden list his dues.
D. Warden:
He can have minimum right for the web app he can only
create the challan and can clear dues by viewing the violator
list
E. Violator:
Have lest role but important role in this application by
action of violator all these process will be generated. Violator Figure 1 Entity Relationship Diagram
can check the challan against CNIC by using search box and
can also pay CHALLAN against him.
F. Operating Environment:
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Our web application can only access through web. It will There are many advantages of this system like
require the operating environment for a client and server GUI Violators dont have to wait for 2 days this will save
that can be and operating system like windows and mac as their time and efforts
well as it can also access through android. This operating Admin dont have to enter record of wardens
environment can be server for database and entries and for CHALLAN details manually
designing and creation is we are using Asp.net framework Violators instead of giving bribe to warden pay
with SQL management studio. CHALLAN fee.
This system saves 20 RS per CHALLAN.
V. METHODOLOGY Completely discard miss use of CHALLAN books.
Functional requirement is minimize the paper work and REFERENCES
online system for challan to ease the city and database will be [1] Adam Freeman. Pro ASP.NET MVC 4
stored on server there will be no more paper entries and data [2] Jon Galloway, Phil Haack, Brad Wilson, K. Scott Allen Professional
loss in our project. Major Service is CHALLAN on the spot ASP.NET MVC 4
which will ease the violator warden and also data on hand [3] Jose Guay Paz Beginning ASP.NET MVC 4
[4] http://www.asp.net/mvc
process will be saved. [5]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNSy97kqGQY
There is four user class and three object class and function are
distributed with them
User class are:
Violator
Law
Dues
Account
Employ
Basic functions are same like name CNIC etc. Burt specific
function includes for Traffic police employee admin is create,

35 | FICT URC1-2016
 Kids Zone
Mohib Ullah, Arbab Taimoor khan, Miss Attiya Shoaib
Department of Computer Sciences,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
moheeb_daavi@yahoo.com
Abstract Android Application has gained popularity due
to the advancement of many technologies of computing so; our
goal is to develop an Android Application We proposed to
design something that can make basic education easier and
comfortable for children. Android app has many platforms .For
example, Android mobile, Tablet, etc. Our App is the emerging
solution for children to learn basic education. The aim here is to
design a KIDZ ZONE is to make basic education interesting.
The project will help generate interests of children as well as
innovations in the fields of Education while working towards a
practical and obtainable solution to the learning process better.
Technology has finally bridged the gap between Parent and
children allowing for a more efficient and effective method of
learning study. It will polish the great educational skills of
students and help to build the base of student.
I. INTRODUCTION
KIDSZONE is an Application that is capable of
performing children capability of learning. Our application is
one of the fastest growing and improvement of education for
children. Such type of applications is more commonly used
today than ever before and every one used Android mobile
and tablets. Children now easily learn from animated app
instead of learning from books and other source of learning. It
is basically a 3D animated application. It is also convenient
for teachers in School and for parents at homes. Its friendly
user interface will help the users to interact in easy way. The
basic aim for the development of this application is to keep
the children busy in learning some new things. This
application is more useful for pre-school kids. The age may
range from 3 to 5 years. Majority of the children use mobile
technology nowadays. So such applications are more
interactive and feasible for the children which beneficial their
mental development. Children can learn more while playing
different modules of this project. This application is
comprised of different modules. Each module has its
specifications.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Kids are more interested in using mobile phones. The main
theme is to keep the children busy in learning the basic
education of pre-school sections, rather than using the flawed
data.
III. METHODOLOGY
The methodology for the development of this application is
incremental model. Based on the incremental model, the
modules are developed one by one. Then finally these
modules are integrated to form a sing unit application. The
kid zone is an Android OS application which has been
developed in various softwares such as unity, Blender and
Photoshop. The app consists of 8 modules each module has its
own specific function. We have also applied 2D and 3D
technology in this app. We developed and saved all 2D
images in Adobe Photoshop .JPEG files and then import them
to Unity3D software for 3D animation. We used Blender and
then import the rendered save AVI. JPEG file format and
drop it to the Unity3D animation file. Our all 3D files are
developed and rendered in Blender like shapes, colours,
module and a baby which is used in body parts module. For
2D we used Photoshop including our all images like
background images, shapes texturing, Truck design,
Alphabetical and Numeric designs and our sliding train. We
also used voice and music in application which we simple get
through from internet music collection while voice is
recorded in voice recorder and then apply in to application.
There are different modules, which are being categorized.
The working and description is as follows. The alphabet
module is developed by using 2D technology. We have
designed 26 alphabets which appear on the screen through a
slide train concept by touching finger. The Number module
also uses the 2D. The concept scenario similar to that used in
alphabets modules the only different is that instead of
alphabets number (0 to10) appear on the screen. We have
used 3D technology in this module to make the shapes appear
in 3D by clicking on the shape module. Different shapes,
including circle, oval, cylinder, cube, sphere shapers appear
on the screen. Colour module is made by applying 2D
technology there are 8 different types of colours shape items
in this module. To add a fun element in this app for the kids
we have added a game of each and every module in this
application. This module is designed in order to test the kids
on how far have they learnt and understand each module as
this module contains quizzes associated in all the other
Modules. The body parts module is very interesting because
we have designed a 3D animated child body in it. Every
single body parts get highlighted upon finger touch. By
touching the different body parts, animated movements
occurs that boost up the kid interest in this.
IV. RESULT
This app makes positive change in the mind of the children
and makes them able to learn easily. By enjoying the
environment provided by the application, it enhances learning
skill. This app develops the interest of student.
36 | FICT URC1-2016
 Figure 1 Kids zone user view

V. CONCLUSION
The application is made to overcome the education
difficulties of children and promote childrens mind about
education. Our aim is to provide education in interesting way.
While playing with this application, children will be able to
learn in an interactive way. This app can play important role
in the learning process, that also makes perfect image in the
children mind.
REFERENCES

37 | FICT URC1-2016
 Rescue and Surveillance Quad copter supporting wireless
video feed, movement detection and obstacle detection
with Solar charging ability
Students:Ashfaq Niaz, Uzair Ali, M Sohail, Zubair Khoso
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan

uzairali21661@gmail.com
ashfaq1niaz@outlook.com

Abstract - Quad copters is an aerial vehicle operated to fly
independently and is one of the representations of a UAV
(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). They are controlled by pilots on
ground or simultaneously driven. They are called rotorcrafts
because unlike a fixed wing aircraft, here lift is generated by a set
of revolving narrow-chord aerofoils. Drones are actually very
fascinating and in this project we are going to study about them,
their components and about its widespread applications that
determine its scope for the future. Drones are of different types
and have different configurations for example, bicopters,
tricopters, quadcopters, hexacopters, octocopters, etc. They have
different uses and accordingly respective configurations are used.
Hexacopters and Octocopters have better stability and
configuration. Control of motion of vehicle is achieved by altering
the rotation rate of one, thereby changing its torque load and
thrust/lift characteristics. The use of four rotors in a quadcopter
allow the individual rotors to have a smaller diameter than the
equivalent helicopter rotor, which allows them to possess less
kinetic energy during flight. Quad copters have different
structures and designs according to the work needed to be done by
it. Components like motors, batteries, electronic speed controllers
(ESCs) also vary according to the power needed and work done
by the quad copter. Also enhancements like PIR (Motion
detector), obstacle detectors and camera are used so that they
could add value to missions like disaster relief, search and rescue,
agriculture and 3D mapping of the geography of an area. These
widespread applications outshine the disadvantages which are
rectifiable and hence this makes it a very productive technology in
todays world. It is supposed to appear into full time existence in
the coming years. But every technology has merits as well as
demerits. It is up to us to use technology productively to enhance
the people as well as the planet instead of using them
destructively. For instance, exploitation of drones by using them
for spying and other lethal purposes that can harm people.
I. INTRODUCTION
A quadcopter or a quadrotor helicopter is a multirotor copter
that is lifted and propelled by four rotors. All the four arms
have a motor and a propeller at their ends each. The lift is
generated by a set of rotors and vertically oriented propellers,
hence quadcopters are classified to rotorcrafts.
They are also referred to as pre-programmed missions.
A quadcopter uses 2 sets of identical fixed pitched propellers,
2 clockwise (CW) or in one direction and 2 counter-clockwise
(CCW) or opposite direction. This helps the machine to hover
in a stable formation. This is unlike most helicopters. Control
of vehicle motion is achieved by altering the rotation rate of
one or more rotors, thereby changing its torque load and
thrust/lift characteristics. These use variation of RPM unit
(revolutions per minute) to control lift and torque.
Quadcopters are known by different names, including
quadrocopter, quadrotor, quadcopter, UAV (Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle), or drone. There are series of bicopters (two
blades), tricopters (three blades), quadcopters (four blades),
hexacopters (six blades), and octocopters (eight blades). The
multirotors with a high number of blades are designed to
carry a heavier payload, for efficient take off smoothness and
for efficient lift capacity. According to the efficiency needed
for a particular task, respective series may be used.
A helicopter has one big rotor to provide all the lifting power
and a little tail rotor to offset the aerodynamic torque
generated by the big rotor. Without it the helicopter would
spin almost as fast as the propeller. But a quad rotors all four
rotors work together to produce upward thrust and only 1/4 of
the weight is lifted by each rotor. So less powerful motors are
used, making it cost efficient. The quadrotor movements are
controlled by varying the relative thrusts of each rotor. The
quadcopter allows a more stable platform, making it ideal for
tasks such as surveillance and aerial photography, attributing
to its unique design, helpful in war condition.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Block diagram if the proposed system is given as
Block Diagram:

38 | FICT URC1-2016

Its very difficult during the warfare to monitor in any non-
going areas, loss in communication or when surveillance
needed thus designing a system that will not only help in
monitoring but could also be used for detection of obstacles
and movement.
III. CONCLUSION
Drones will soon take on be an imperative existence in the
coming future. They will be seen taking up larger roles for a
variety of jobs including business in the immediate future
They could become a part of our daily lives, from smallest
details like delivering groceries to changing the way farmers
manage their crops to revolutionizing private security, or
maybe even aerial advertising. Today, quad copters are
capturing news video, recording vacation travel logs, filming
movies, providing disaster relief, surveying real estate and
delivering packages. They are categorized according to their
corresponding uses. Some are for military purposes provided
with missiles and bombs, some for surveillance and
reconnaissance purposes. Agriculture is predicted to be the
dominant market for UAV operations. In Japan drones are
flown for the past 20 years. Lot of the farmlands over there
are on steep hillsides, and those vehicles can treat an acre in
five minutes which is very difficult or even impossible to do
so with a tractor.
The innumerable advantages of drones lead to their growth in
a short span of time. They have a few demerits but those can
be rectified. Today most drones are controlled by either
softwares or other computer programs. The components of a
drone also vary based on what type of work needs to be done
and how much payload needs to be carried. Out runners,
batteries, electronic speed controllers all come in different
ranges according to the type of work needed to be done by the
quadcopter. Quad copters are a great provisional craft that
could get in between airplanes and helicopters and are hence
easier to fly all the time. Beside real-
time 3Dflight, such as inverted flight, quad copters give a
more acrobatic feel to its flyers. Quad copters offers to be a
great balance between cost, capability, and performance. The
only problem is when funds are coupled with highly
ambitious projects. A solution for this could be to gradually
improvise on inventing quad copters with new enhancements
and new designs. Hence quad copters have an exemplarily
bright future. The onus lies upon us whether we productively
use it or destructively use it.
REFERENCE
1) The website of abc NEWS posted an article by Rheana
Murray on 8th August 2014, [8] headlined, How Drones will
Replace Humans in the Workplace to which Mary
Cummings, a drones expert who teaches at MIT and Duke
University says, Maybe if youre a cargo pilot for FedEx or
UPS, drones will augment the delivery world and one could
argue that they would be much more environmentally friendly
since they could take cars off the road for last mile delivery
and help reduce congestion. She further adds, Jobs like
delivery for which cargo planes are used currently and crop
dusting should be turned over to drones immediately. Crop
dusting is the most dangerous job in general aviation with a
high accident rate. Drones can not only do that job better, but
much safer. This will happen in the next 10 to 20 years.
Ultimately, drones will create more jobs than they replace,
they will save lives, and they will give us capabilities we only
dream about like everyone owning our own flying cars.
2) In a website known as www.farmingdrones.com, an article
headlined Farming Takes Flight Drones save IL Farmers
Time and Money was posted. It explains how drones are used
in agriculture to give a crystal clear view of their fields.
Dennis Bowman, a crop sciences educator with the University
of Illinois Extension, is using two drones to take aerial
snapshots of crops in the research plots on the universitys
South Farms. He says, It offers a quick and easy way to
check on the plants progress and determine if they need
more attention. It does allow the opportunity to get an overall
survey of the area and make a better use of your time, rather
than just walking out blindly into a field of corn thats taller
than your head, and hoping that you stumble across any of the
problem areas that might be out there. [7] People think about
drones and a lot of times, the negative connotations come to
mind, privacy issues and those kinds of things. But in the
agricultural community, were out in the middle of nowhere
most of the time, flying them over fields of crops. He further
says that the agriculture industry is expected to be one of the
largest markets for drone usage.
WEBSITES REFERRED
[1] http://blog.oscarliang.net/types-of-multicopter/-postedon oct/25/2013
[2] http://blog.oscarliang.net/build-a-quadcopter-beginners-tutorial-1/-Posted
on June 25 2013
[3] http://www.philforhumanity.com/Drones.html
[4] www.farmingdrones.com
[5]www.abcnews.com
39 | FICT URC1-2016
 Automatic School Attendance Marking and Parent
Alerting System Using RFID & GSM Module
Students: Noman Khan, Khushal Khan , Rehan Ullah Khan, Supervisor: Engr Waheeda Jabbar
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Nomankhanpanezai@gmail.com, Rehan21947@gamil.com, kk06378@gamil.com
Abstract - This paper presents the design and construction
of automatic attendance marking and parent alerting system, in
order to create an ideal environment for teaching in classes. In
this model every student and lecturer shall be having a unique
RFID card. As a student comes near the class door it opens only
if his RFID matches with the database and once he entered the
class the door closes. This process continues until the professor
enters the class, once he enters the class the door is locked and
the list of absent students is created. SMS shall be sent to the
respective parents of the absentee students. This module stays
the most effective one to timely convey electronic alerts to
parents by stopping the disturbing ins and outs of students in
class room. During this process though the RFID of the student
is matched he is not allowed to enter the class as he is late or any
other student inside the class is allowed to leave the class. The
class door opens only when the professor brings his RFID tag
near the class door indicating the completion of class and the
same procedure continues for every class.
I. INTRODUCTION
A Classroom is a place where individuals gather for the
purpose of learning and studying. The classroom may be of a
primary school, an elementary school, a college or a
university - but the purpose remains the same. Exponentially
and moreover, a good classroom also does facilitate the
teacher in various ways. An ideal environment for teaching in
classes can be created by following certain aspects like
automatically closing the door so as to prevent the noises
from the outside to enter the class, preventing the late comers
in entering The class as it might cause distractions to the
students already present in the class, automatic attendance
marking in order to save time, not allowing the students to
leave the class without the permission.
Up until now, class attendance records have been maintained
manually by having students sign next to their names on
printed class lists during class. This method is outdated, time-
consuming and a distraction for both students and teachers.
Another way of marking the attendance is through biometric
system though it is highly secure it requires a huge data base
to store and map the finger prints of each student and it takes
time as each and every student has to go through the
biometric scanning one at a time unlike RFID reader which
can sense the tag from a distance of about 2 to 3 inches and
relatively takes less time in comparing the number with the
database.
Our proposed model which uses RFID tags for every student
and teacher and GSM module to send messages to the parents
of the absent students satisfies all the aspects required to
create an ideal environment for teaching in the classes
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT.
Manual attendance system has always been considered as
time consuming from a teacher mindset as well as the
fallibility always stays high. Teachers time keeping will be
maintained through this method.
This project not only design the whole circuit for automatic
attendance system but also it addresses the issue of parents
alerting of their Child presence by using RFID and GSM.
III. METHODOLOGY
Atmel8051 is a microcontroller used in this system. Signals
from RFID reader are given to the microcontroller and
microcontroller use these signals to drive gear motor to open
or close the door. There are two types of RFID tags active tag
and passive tags. An active tag require power source, either
connected to power source or use integrated batteries
connected to circuits and a passive tag is one which dont
require power source and maintenance. Passive tags are small
enough to fit in to particle adhesive label. GSM module is
used to send messages to parents of student if they are absent.
Gear motor is the normal dc motor attached with the gear
system. This produces high torque at a relative low speed.
This motor shaft is attached with a door. The dc motor is
connected to the microcontroller by the driver admin. This
system works fine with three faculty and 15 students and can
be extended to any number of students. This small system
which can be easily implemented at a low cost can be used
even in the schools of the small villages wherever GSM is
installed.
40 | FICT URC1-2016
 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The proposed system satisfies all the requirements needed to
create an ideal environment inside the class. The RFID tag
hich can be used as the identity card has the student details
and this variable data is displayed and is sent through the
short message service to the parents and class
admin. This system works fine with three faculty and 15
students and can be extended to any number of students.
This small system which can be easily implemented at a low
cost can be used even in the schools of the small villages
wherever GSM is installed.

FLOW CHART

Figure2: Block Diagram

Figure3: Snap Shot

V. CONCLUSION

Figure1: Flow Chart

BLOCK DIAGRAM Our proposed model works not only for the ideal case
consisting of fixed number of students with fixed number of
classes it can also works fine with variable number of
students in variable number of classes that is a given student
need not have to be registered in all the classes likewise a
class need not have to contain all the students registered in it.
With only limited and minimum number of modules it is
easy to fix and use.

REFERENCES

41 | FICT URC1-2016
[1] RFID -Based Students Attendance Management System by Arulogun O. [3] Embedded Based Automated Student Attendance Governing System by V.
T., Olatunbosun , A. , Fakolujo O. A., and Figure 3:Snap shot Olaniyi, O. Sivasakaran, S.Muruganand, Azha. periasamy-International journal of
M. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering and Advance Technology (IJEAT),ISSN:2249-
Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 2, February-2013 8958,Volume2,Issue-5,June 2013

[2] ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEM ASSISTED GSM AND RFID

BASED SMARTSCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM International
Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering-Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013

Deaf talk (sign language recognition for deaf and dumb

people using flex sensors)
Students: Noman Khan, Khushal Khan , Rehan Ullah Khan
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
hadi12426@yahoo.com

Abstract - Before the arrival of advance technology it was they need more power and also it will be an expensive project
very difficult for the abnormal people to communicate with the which use camera so I think our project is better because it is
normal people and convey their message to them. Deaf and cheap and it doesn't need much power for processing and
dumb People use sign language to communicate and it was very giving us output. Another project used MEMS accelerometer
difficult for the normal people to understand their message. By
which could detect only 8 characters.
the time people started working to reduce the communication
barrier between the normal and abnormal people. A lot of new
inventions have been developed and at some extend has been II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
successful to overcome this communication barrier. For this
case we made this project.The idea is consist of designing an Deaf and dumb people use sign language for their
intelligent system a glove, using group of flex sensors, Artificial communication but it was difficult to understand by the
intelligence concept to take inputs of sign language hand normal people. The aim of this project is to reduce the gap
gestures and generate recognizable output,which will be: a, b, c, between them. Using this product I mean Deaf Talk which is
d,....., z, then they will be sent to mobile through Bluetooth or used as a translator we reduce the miss communication
they will be sent to computer through a data cable connected to
between the normal and deaf-mute people.
Arduino and they will be converted to speech by software made
in visual studio.
III. METHODOLOGY
I. INTRODUCTION
Our project is cheap and it doesn't need much power for processing
There are a lot of people in this world who cannot talk and giving us output. Another project used MEMS accelerometer
and hear, due to this reason they cannot communicate with which could detect only eight signs or eight characters. Here we
their family friends or other people who are normal and used 5 flex sensors, which has two pins one pin is connected to 5volt
because of this disability they lack self confidence in them. voltage pin of Arduino and another pin is connected to analogue pin
of Arduino and also connected to a 22k ohm resistor then connected
Such people use sign language for communication. It has
to ground. so it becomes a voltage devider circuit. flex sensor, in a
been observed that they find it really difficult at times to normal condition, without bending, it has 22kohm resistance. by
interact with normal people with their gestures, as only a very bending flex sensor its resistance increase up to 125k ohm.to make
few of those are recognized by most people. Sign Language is it more clear, we can bend our flex sensors up to 90 degree.
the primary means of communication in the deaf and dumb
community. The idea is consist of designing an intelligent
system, a glove, using group of flex sensors, Artificial
intelligence concept to take inputs of sign language hand
gestures and generate recognizable output, which will be: a,
b, c, d,.....,z, then they will be sent to mobile through
Bluetooth or they will be sent to computer through a data
cable and they will be converted to speech by android
application. The objective of this project is to develop an
intelligent system which can be called a translator between
sign language and spoken language. In image processing,

42 | FICT URC1-2016
 Keypad for numeric inputs.

Figure 4: Flex sensors, keypad and Battery, which is giving power to Arduino,
connected to Arduino Uno

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The flex sensors are flexed and some values generates as Vout
to the analogue pins of Arduino and by putting if condition
code in microcontroller, we find its meaning which is
obviously a character but we changed it to phrase, then we
can print it on your android mobile phone through Bluetooth
device.

Figure 2: Flow chart

IV. BLOCK REPRESENTATION

Figure 5: Showing Output in Andriod App.
These sensors are used to reduce the power and cost. It is
used to detect the hand motion depends on the bending the Also we can see the output in our PC, we made a program in
sensors. The hand motions are detected by the Flex sensors visual studio which receives the output through data cable.
and the values are stored on the microcontroller memory unit. When one sign is sent to PC then it will be converted to
then we have many options: we can take the output by
connecting our mobile Bluetooth device with Bluetooth device
connected to Arduino and see the result, the other option we
connect our arduino board to the PC and we open the visual
studio program which we made for taking the text and then
covert them to speech and that is the result. We selected this
because now a days everyone has an android phone, so we
take inputs from flex sensors and keypad then we search our
database that what does deaf-mute person mean, which is
stored in our Arduino's microcontroller memory unit, then we
transfer this output to android mobile phones, which has our
app installed, through Bluetooth device. Here we have the
block diagram of our deaf talk project.
speech.

Figure 6: Showing Output in App which is made in Ms Visual Studio.

VI. CONCLUSION
This project is made to reduce the communication barrier between
the normal and abnormal people. A lot of new inventions have been
developed and at some extend has been successful to overcome this
communication gap. I tried to make a cheap project which can be
bought easily and need less power, so I made this, according to my
Figure 3: Block diagram
view it is effective and efficient.

HARDWARE REFERENCES
[1] Rajam, P.Subha,and Dr G Balakrishnan Real time Indian sign language
We used five flex sensors, Arduino Uno, Bluetooth device and recognition system to aid Deaf and Dumb people.13th international
conference on communication technology(ICCT).2011,PP,737_742
[2] PG Scholar, faculty Hand gesture recognition using MEMS for specially

43 | FICT URC1-2016
 challenged people. International journal of VLSI and embedded systems On 3D accelerometer presented at the fifth annu.int.conf.ubiquitious
_IJVES (2013), ISSN, 2249_6556 system.
[3] PriyankaLokhande, RiyaPrajapati, SandeepPansareData gloves for the
sign language recognition system. International conference on emerging
trends in advanced communication technologies (NCETACT_2015), PP,
0975_8887
[4] Yang Quan, Chinese sign language recognition based on Video Sequence
Appearance Modelling, IEEE, 1537
[5] Nicolas Born, Senior Project Sign Language Glove, ELECTICAL
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. California polytechnic State University
1_49, 2010
[6] Glove talk: a neural network interface between a data glove and a speech
synthesizer IEEE trans.neural network.
[7] Hand written character recognition using orientation quantization based

KINECTOR MS Kinect based communication app for

hearing and speech impaired
Students: Mohammad Junaid Khan, Zeeshan Khan, Haroon Hassan, Haroon Khan Supervisor: Amir Ali Abro
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
lei.dasti@gmail.com, Zeeshan-khan@outlook.com

Abstract - Kinector allows a dumb person to convert his/her
gestures into a more generic form i.e. (Voice and text) so that
others can understand their feelings in a more natural and easy
way as it aims to fill the gap between physically fit and hearing
and speech impaired people in our society. Kinector contains
prebuilt collection of signs (gestures) and their meanings that
are very common among all sign languages and their
community, plus it also allows the user to define their custom
signs (gestures) with a specific meaning attached and save it into
our web service so that they can take it wherever they want, to
make sure, they have their own custom sign language with them
anytime, anywhere in the world under any environment
i.e.(Home, Office) and it will automatically recognize those signs
and convert them into the voice or text so that user can convey
the messages to others using voice/textual data or chat with
someone using instant messaging (IM) over the internet.
I. INTRODUCTION
The right to speak should not be denied to anyone. It will
be injustice if we ignore those who are deprived of this
invaluable gift. The only means of communication available
to vocally disabled individuals is through sign language.
Using sign language limits them to their own world of people.
This limitation prevents them from interacting with the outer
world to share their feelings, creative ideas and the potentials
they possess but very few people understand them. This
increases the isolation of deaf and dumb people.
There exist many sign languages for dumb peoples to
communicate with others, but all of them are restricted to a
certain region i.e. (ASL for America, BSL for Britain etc), so
that makes it difficult for a dumb person to communicate with
peoples from other regions, so we are allowing the user to
define their own gestures and create their own sign
language.
Our application is specifically designed to overcome some of
the toughest challenges dumb people faces in their daily life
by providing them effective way to communicate with other
peoples (no matter which region) in a more natural way
without the barriers of learning new languages etc.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The dumb people were facing a lot of problem to
communicate with other people due to the non-generalization
of sign languages. Different sign languages are available but
these are specific to particular regions. There is a need to
design an application or system that can solve out this issue.
By using this application, they can communicate with other
people in a simple and efficient way. This application can
reduce the gap between the normal and deaf and dumb people
and in this way we can serve humanity.
III. METHODOLOGY
A. Design phase
As the name suggests we will be using MS KINECT to
capture different gestures and define our own meaning to
those gestures, as soon the gesture is captured it will be saved
in a specialized dictionary consisting of XML code along with
the pictorial form of each frame captured in the processing of
the gesture. Then using Skeletal Data to recognize gestures by
comparing them to gestures already saved in the dictionary
consisting of all the body points saved in XML based on
skeletal coordinates of the person as shown in Figure 1 who
saved them and convert them into voice via Microsoft Speech
API by converting the meaning associated to the gesture that
has been recognized and vice versa.

44 | FICT URC1-2016
 will include different sort of gestures recognition that will
result the responsiveness of our software.
D. Evaluation phase
We will evaluate our project on the basis of testing results
after implementation of each function to measure the
efficiency of our application and making sure it works as
expected with less hustle.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Until now we have implemented 80% of our application and
the alpha testing of the application has showed promising
results with 70 to 75 % success rate in capturing and
recognizing the desired gestures, but it will be improved as
we refine the gesture capturing and recognizing system and
get used to of the precise movements which are required for
the MS KINECT to capture and recognize the gestures
effectively by being less prone to the errors and malfunctions.

V. CONCLUSION

So far from all the trials and testing we have concluded that
Figure 1
the application is performing the desired tasks with promising
results and the gesture interchange from one person to
another doesnt affect the functionality of the applications
output. But user needs to get used to of the already saved
gestures for desired results with highest success rate.
B. Implementation phase
The implementation phase covers the coding and interfacing
part of different components included in our application on
basis of architecture Figure 2 created in design phase.

Figure 2
C. Testing phase
We will test our application and study the efficiency and
effectiveness of our software in real-time. The testing phase

45 | FICT URC1-2016
 On field alive human detection robot
Students: Syed Nouman Shah, Shahab Qadir, Rashid Ali, Sherullah Baig
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Supervisor: Mohsin Habib
Noumanshahbokhari0@gmail.com,shahabqadir1989@gmail.comRashidbaloch84@yahoo.comb.sherullah@yahoo.com

Abstract - Now a days the world has been changed into on 8 bit microcontroller Atmega328, PIR sensor is used to
global village. The developed countries are going towards detect alive human. This robot mainly used in disastrous
automation the intelligent robots are taking place of human in areas.
every field of life. The intelligent mobile robotic systems can be
very efficient tools to speed up search and research in remote
All the above system is controlled by microcontroller.
areas. Robotics are also useful in those areas which are Microcontroller is used to drive motors PIR sensors detect
dangerous for human. They can go anywhere in any situations alive human and give signals to microcontroller. The IP
and can also go into gaps and move through holes that are camera gives Live Streaming of overall Situation to mobile
impossible for human beings. Our precursory aim is to design a
robot to detect alive human in earthquake and other rescue
operations. The robot is control by smart phone through Wi-Fi
communication. Once alive human is detected, it directly give
visual alerts to rescue team over Wi-Fi technology on smart
phone and save the result of result of operation in its database.

I. INTRODUCTION
In destructed environment it is impossible to detect alive
human that need help and many of them lose their precious
life. Detection by rescue workers become time consuming due
to vast area and lake of rescue workers it becomes time
consuming and difficult as a result we lose precious life. This
project deals with live person detection robot which is based

46 | FICT URC1-2016
phone. DC motors are used to drive the robot.
Figure 1
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
The figure [1] represents the block diagram of the
designed project. The power supply is used to give
power to the circuit which activate the microcontroller
which then activates the motors and various sensors
used in project. The signals from sensors given to
microcontroller using which microcontroller drive its
motors according to signal given and communicate
with mobile. The Wi-Fi shield is used to communicate
the robot with mobile from long distance. The IP
camera is used for giving live streaming of operation
on laptop or mobile.
FLOW CHART
Figure 2
using which one can also view past records of rescue
operations for investigation purpose. The robot is controlled
from long distance using Wi-Fi signals.
REFERENCES
[1] Android based alive human detection robot. (BUITEMS Quetta).
[2] Rescue robotics using artificial intelligence (Bharathiar University,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu).
[3] Live Human Detecting Robot for Earthquake Rescue Operation (Bharath
University). Pete Miles & Tom Carroll, Build Your Own
Combat Robot, (2002).
"Object learning and detection using evolutionary Deformable models for
Mobile robot navigation.

III. METHODOLOGY
ATMEGA328 is the microcontroller used in this system.
Signals from sensors are given to the microcontroller and this
microcontroller will digitize the signal and send it to the
android phone through Wi-Fi. The controller has properties
like inbuilt ADC, essential to get the signals from the
different Sensors. By this the microcontroller that is used in
this project has some extra advantages. The passive Infra-Red
(PIR) sensor will, under typical condition, detect a human
being moving around within approximately 10m from the
sensor. As live human body releases thermal radiation it is
received and used by the PIR sensor to detect persons. PIR
sensors are passive infra-red sensors. The PIR (Passive Infra-
Red) Sensor is a pyro electric device that senses motion by
determining changes in the infrared (heat) levels released by
surrounding objects. This motion can be detected by checking
for a rapid change in the surrounding IR patterns. When
motion is detected the PIR sensor will give signal to
microcontroller and then send message to android phone
through Bluetooth technology. We are also using ultrasonic
sensor, metal detector, humidity and temperature sensor,
vibration switch module to make the robot more intelligent.

IV. ANDROID APPLICATION

Designing an android app to control the forward and

backward movement of robot by phone. This will be done by
Wi-Fi module. It has the ability of giving information about
detection. Thus detection of alive human is showed as
message to the user.

V. CONCLUSION

Hence many lives can be saved by using this robotic

autonomous vehicle in disaster environment in short time
duration which becomes time consuming if done manually.
The android application also have ability to store records by

47 | FICT URC1-2016
 Fire Fighting Robot with Video Surveillance using
Android Platform
Students: Najeeb Ullah khan, Behlol khan, Qudrat Ullah, Shaista khan,
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Supervisor: Sir Irfan Ahmad Magsi Irfanmagsi05@gmail.com
najeebpushtun10@gmail.com

Abstract - Robotics has gained popularity due to the beam of the robot. The LCD on the robot show the value of
advancement of many technologies of computing and Nano temperature and distance of object that are detected. While
technologies. So, our goal is to develop an intelligent multi
sensors fire fighter robot. We proposed to design something that
can make humans life easier and comfortable. There are many
possibilities a fire can start in an industry or in any remote area.
For example, in cotton mills, garments, fuel storages, etc.,
electric leakages can lead to huge damage. Robotics is the
emerging solution to protect human lives and their wealth and
surroundings. The aim here is to design a FIRE FIGHTING
ROBOT with video surveillance using embedded system and
android platform for remote operation. Robots designed to find
a fire, before it rages out of control, with fire-fighters greatly
reducing the risk of injury to victims. The project will help
generate interests as well as innovations in the fields of robotics
while working towards a practical and obtainable solution to
save lives and mitigate the risk of property damage. This
the receiver have Bluetooth device fed to the microcontroller
project is about the hardware, software, benefits and
interconnection of various parts involved in this very technology.
to drive DC motors. Ultrasonic sensor is use .Flame sensor is
Technology has finally bridged the gap between fire-fighting use for detecting the fire. LDR is use for to detect the
and machines allowing for a more efficient and effective method intensity of light. The whole operation is controlled by
of fire-fighting. Arduino microcontroller. A motor driver IC is interfaced to
the microcontroller through which the controller drives the
I. INTRODUCTION DC motors. The video is displayed on the screen. With the
invention of such a device, people and property can be saved
Robot is defined as a mechanical design that is capable of
at a much higher rate with relatively minimal damage caused
performing human tasks or behaving in a human like
by the fire.
manner. Robotics has gained popularity due to the Figure: (1.1)
advancement of many technologies of computing and Nano
technologies. Robotic is one of the fastest growing and II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
improving fields of today. Robots is use more commonly
today than ever before and it is no longer exclusively used by In incident the environment is impossible to save human
heavy production industries. Our task as a computer lives. Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming
engineers to design and build a robot that could autonomously and control the System remotely, How to provide
detect and extinguish a fire show in figure (1.1). The Robot is communication to system and to see direction?
designed which using android application device for remote
operation. The robotic vehicle is loaded with water tanker and III. METHODOLOGY
a pump. The water pump is used to through the water on the
fire. At the receiving end three motors are interfaced to the Temperature sensor is use for sensing the temperature (if the
microcontroller where two of them are used for the movement temperature greater than 45 degree).we are using LDR sensor
of the vehicle and the remaining one is used to position the for intensity of the light. Using the Ultrasonic sensor for

48 | FICT URC1-2016
obstacle detection (within 35cm).Depth sensor is use for
detecting the hurdles. Camera will display the video feed.
We have set the two modes. Automating and manual.
1. In the automatic mode if the temperature become greater
than 45 degree and high intensity of light sense then beam
will move to that direction and water pump will automatically
throw the water on the fire.
2. In the manual mode we will move the beam and throw the
water on the fire by the water pump. The Arduino
development board collect data from sensors and to process
the data .If data the values of sensors exceed from threshold
then Arduino perform task.

IV. RESULT

The impact of this robot is to reduce the human losses in the

incident like fire etc. Reduce human involvement if used in
automatic mode less casualties is to be observed. Maintenance
cost is less and easily repairable. Improved safety and protect
property from loss. Easy to maintain.

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM

VI. CONCLUSION

This project is made to reduce the casualties and property loss

during fire accident. Continuously monitors, intimates the
respective personnel and extinguishes the fire. It aims to
promote technology innovation to achieve a reliable and
efficient outcome from the various instruments and devices.
They provide us great efficiency to detect before it become
uncontrollable and threat to life. Hence, this robot can play a
crucial role to rescue human lives.

REFERENCES

[1] MECHATRONICS ALPHA I (FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT) IJESAT

2012.
[2] http://www.robotics.com/robomenu/index.html.
[3] Hardware based Automatic Fire Extinguisher Robot.
Google.
[4] Wireless Fire Fighting Robot.
[5] Encyclopaedia of Fire fighter surveillance robot.

49 | FICT URC1-2016
 Industrial surveillance robot
Students: Muhammad Afzaal Syed Samiullah Asad Akbar
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Supervisor: Saeed Magsi
mafzaal43@gmail.com watan_agha@gmail.com
Abstract - Many industrial applications require inspections
and surveillance in hard-to-reach and sometimes even
hazardous areas. Industrial surveillance robot provide solution
to some of these kind of applications. Robot having the ability to
follow the black line on a white surface. We propose a cost-
effective four-wheeled surveillance robot using an Arduino
MEGA microcontroller. Surveillance robots typically consist of
a XBee module for wireless communication and different
sensors. The robot can be controlled remotely from a PC using
the XBee and the other XBee module residing on the robot. To
sense temperature and humidity, we have used the temp and
hum sensor. There is also a fire sensor for a fire alarming
condition and the smoke sensor for the if there is smoke in the
industrial area or not.
These instructions give you the basic guidelines for preparing
papers for IEEE conference proceedings.
Index Terms - List key index terms here. No mare than 5.
I. INTRODUCTION
Line follower robots are monotype mobile robot having the
ability to follow a line very accurately which has an on board
hardwired control circuit. [1][2] Usage of line follower robot
is also increasing day by day. Surveillance is the process of
monitoring a situation, an area or a person. Human
surveillance is achieved by deploying personnel near sensitive
areas in order to constantly monitor for changes. But humans
do have their limitations, and deployment in inaccessible
places is not always possible. There are also added risks of
losing personnel in the event of getting caught by the enemy.
With advances in technology over the years, however, it is
possibly to remotely monitor areas of importance by using
robots in place of humans. [3] Mostly, in all industrial areas,
where the automation is very much desired. As a
consequence, a line follower robot is designed using artificial
intelligence for autonomous driving and to stay on the line.
This design procedure is capable of tracking destination and
avoids collision through sensors.[4] A robot controlling
algorithm is developed having the ability of avoiding barriers
which is achieved by ultrasonic sensor.
II. MOTIVATION
In order to reduce the human work, it is necessary of
automation of black line following robot, this robot can be
used in library to carry books from one place to another place,
and it can be used for home automation, in restaurant it is used
as robotic waiter. [6] A restaurant in downtown Harbin, China,
employs 20 robots instead of humans that cook, serve and
entertain its guests. The restaurant was opened in June 2012,
in this restaurant, line following robot is been used as a robot
waiter running along tracks on the floor which carries the
dishes to the desired table and it also serves dinner to the
family. They are well trained, efficient and fast and they wont
expect a tip for their efforts. This is 21st century customer
service; they can work continuously for five hours after a two-
hour charge. But the worker will not work for free or a cheap
labour. China is expected to be the worlds largest market for
robots by 2014 [Source: arkazlive via YouTube]. As the
technology improves and the cost to build and run the robot
drops. [5] So large country like India, it is necessary to use of
line following robot in restaurant, libraries, etc., but it is
necessary to equip restaurant, library with colored line tracks.
III. METHODOLOGY
The robot uses different types of sensors to gather all the
necessary information. The sensors are line sensor ultrasonic
sensor obstacle sensor, temperature and humidity sensor,
RFID readers, fire sensor, smoke sensor.
Block Representation
50 | FICT URC1-2016
The sensor which are used in the robot are show in the block
diagram. All the sensors are communicating with the
microcontroller and the values are send to the main station like
like PC through the XBee module which is used for the
wireless communication between the main station and the
robot. The microcontroller which is used in robot is Arduino
AT MEGA 2560 for its operations. The microcontroller is
programmed using the Arduino IDE software.
Figure 1: Block Diagram
Figure 1 represents the block diagram of the robot.
IV. EXPERIMENT RESULTS
Phototransistor is basically acting as a variable current source
which changes with different intensity of light. With the help
of comparator circuit, it can give the output when it comes
under the contact of that line drawn. By using motor driver, it
follows the black line drawn on the floor. At the turn of the
line drawn, phototransistor doesnt get any output. DC motor
must be controlled by the motor driver for movement of the
robot. For left movement the left side DC motors should be
stopped and the right side DC motors should be run in
forward direction. When the system detects any obstacle in its
path then the DC motor stops its rotation
Figure 2: snapshot of line following robot
V. CONCLUSIONS
The concept of the black color line follower robot is
practically implemented in this paper based on
Microcontroller, RFID reader, XBee and sensors.
Simultaneously it makes the use of instructions from sensors
and on board Microcontroller which performs the physical
movements. The robot is succeeded to locate different
stations and at each station it will stop for few seconds and
send the values to the microcontroller. If the conditions are
properly set and calculations are accurately done, then
performance rate and accuracy will be more than ever.
Further, modification of this robot includes application of
shortest path algorithm and neural network so that it can
find its target more efficiently in shortest amount of time.
REFERENCES
[1] A.B.M Khalid hassanOptimizing the Turning Velocity in a Line
Follower Robot,", International Journal of Computer Applications
(0975 8887) Volume 117 No. 3, May 2015
[2] PriyankPatil,"AVR Line Following Robot, Department of
Information Technology K. 1. Somaiya College of Engineering
Mumbai, India. Mar 5, 2014.
[3] Dean A. Pomerleau; Jay Gowdy; Charles E. Thorpe, Combining
Artificial Neural Networks and Symbolic Processing for
Autonomous Robot Guidance," Engng Applic. Artif. Intell. Vol. 4,
No. 4, pp. 279-285,.
[4] L1U Shi-Cai,L1U Guang-Jun, "Formation Control of Mobile
Robots with Active Obstacle Avoidance," Acta Automatica Sinica,
Vol. 33, No. 5, 2015.
[5] YANG Tian-Tian; L1U Zhi-Yuan; CHEN Hong; PEl Run,
"Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance for Multiple Mobile
Robots," Acta Automatica Sinica, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2013-14.
[6] Sandhana, Lakshmi , A Theory of Evolution for Robots, Wired
Magazine ... Retrieved.
51 | FICT URC1-2016
 Digital Speedometer with Password and Speed Limit
settings
Students: Abdul Qadeer, Aftab Ahmed, AttaUllah, Monica Pervaiz
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Qadeerabdul725@gmail.com

Abstract - The main aim of this project is to design a digital Technology to assist drivers keep to speed limits or even
speedometer with password enabled with speed limit prevent the vehicle from exceeding speed limits on all roads
controlling. This simple system shows the ability to apply speed at all times.
limit controlling techniques to the vehicle. Our digital Although it is the case that a high speed crash is much more
speedometer takes input from vehicle speed sensor and executes
likely to result in a fatality, there are many more crashes
the speed limit controlling action. The system comprises of
keypad, LCD display and microcontroller unit. The user which occur at relatively low speeds. It is known that road
interface includes keypad through which the password will be accidents are increasing day by day. Most of these road
accepted by the microcontroller. Microcontroller controls the accidents are caused because the automobiles are driven at
over speed of vehicle. high speeds even in the places where sharp turnings and
junctions exist.
I. INTRODUCTION
III. METHODOLOGY
Digital speedometer with password and speed limit
The aim of our project is to design a digital speedometer with
controlling is different technology for automobiles. This
password enable speed controlling. Our speedometer can
instrument is normally used in maintaining the speed in that
calculate and display the speed of vehicle and also control the
your vehicle is operating, and is extremely useful in roadways
speed if it goes over speed. The system takes password input
and highways that have a fixed speed limit. The system
and check it is correct or not, if it is true than allows to drive
generally consists of numerical keypad, LCD and
over speed but if it is false than activate the speed limit
microcontroller unit. The speed sensor system is easy to build.
function. The speed is sensed from a speed sensor and given
LCD and keypad are interfaced with microcontroller using
to microcontroller which calculates and display the speed. It
program.
also compares the speed with stored speed limit data and if it
Keypad allows us to enter password to access the vehicle.
is over the speed limit than the obstacle lock the accelerator
This speedometer system can be used in manual vehicles.
pedal. So speed will decreases and when it comes below speed
This system is very useful for the beginner drivers and who
limit than the obstacle unlock the accelerator pedal and
drives over speedy in city and highways.
continues.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
IV. BLOCK REPRESENTATION
Excessive or inappropriate speed is a significant factor in
serious road accidents. Road safety authorities around the
world devote considerable resources to addressing the
speeding problem - particularly compliance with speed limits.
One countermeasure that is gaining increasing attention is the
use in-vehicle

52 | FICT URC1-2016

V. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
A higher speed increases the likelihood of an accident. Very
strong relationships have been established between speed and
Helper robotic arm
Students: Mohammad Shoaib, Waseem Akram, Slaiman Khan, Zahid Hussain
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Supervisor: Amir Ali Abro Amir@amirabro.me
enrhmshoaib194@gmail.com
Abstract - In todays world there is an increasing need to create
artificial arms for different inhuman Situations where human
interaction is difficult or impossible. They may involve taking
readings from an active volcano to diffusing a bomb. Here we
propose to build a hand gestured based robotic arm by natural
human arm movements This robotic arm is a robotic
manipulator, usually programmable, with similar functions to a
human arm. The development of this arm is based on
ATmega328 platform called Arduino along with a personal
computer for Signal processing, which will all be interfaced with
each other using serial communication. Servo motor is used for
joint rotation. We can restrict its rotation from 0 to 90 or 0 180
depending upon the conditions. It has about same number of
degree of freedom as in human arm. Humans pick things up
without thinking about the steps involved. In order for a robot or
a robotic arm to pick up or move something, someone has to tell
it to perform several actions in a particular order from moving
the arm, to rotating the wrist to opening and closing the
hand.
I. INTRODUCTION
Robotic applications are widely used in research laboratories
and industries to automate processes and reduce human
errors. In general, robotics can be divided into two areas,
industrial and service robotics. Recently, strong efforts have
been carried out to develop intelligent and natural interfaces
between users and computer based systems based on human
gestures. Gestures provide an intuitive interface to both
human and computer. Thus, such gesture-based interfaces can
not only substitute the common interface devices, but can also
be exploited to extend their functionality. Therefore, a robot
can be replaced human to do work.
accident Risk. The general relationship holds for all speeds
and all roads, but the rate of increase in accident risk varies
with initial speed level and road type. Large speed differences
at a road also increase the likelihood of an accident. In
addition, drivers driving much faster than the average driver
have a higher accident risk; it is not yet evident that this is also
also the case for the slower driver. By this digital speedometer
we can control the over speed of vehicle and also protect it
from theft. By it we observe that consumption of fuel will
decreases. This is cost effective product, life is higher than
analog speedometer. This product is very useful for vehicles.
There are various ways in which a robotic arm may be
controlled. In the past there have been many researchers
working to control robotic arm through computer terminals,
Joysticks, even interfacing them with the internet so they can
be controlled from anywhere in the world. Usually most of the
robotic arms are controlled by a central controller which
makes uses of values taken in from the terminal that are
entered by the user at the terminal to move the arm to a
particular coordinate in space. This makes the control very
difficult as the control values of the motors are very difficult to
predict to achieve a particular movement. This is easily
achieved by our project.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
A Hand Gesture Based Robotic Arm is a kind of robot which
can be controlled by the hand gesture. It is an arm consisting
of four joint just like a human arm (like shoulder, elbow,
wrist, jaw). It contains four servo motors and Arduino
microcontrollers are used. Each servo motor is connected to
the joint of arm just like human arm. Robotic glove is wearied
by Human hand on which circuit is placed. The robotic glove
circuit includes gyro sensor and flex sensor and also Bluetooth
module. One Bluetooth module is placed on robotic hand and
the other on the robot. When the hand is turned or tilted the
gyro sensor sense the motion of the hand and also when the
fingers are bent then the flex sensor sense the change in value
and sends the signals which is received by the other module
and the movement in the robotic arm is executed. Thus gyro
sensor is used in order to move robotic arm left right & up
down and flex sensor controls the movement of robotic wrist
and gripper the robotic arm is mounted on the chassis of a
53 | FICT URC1-2016
tank which is also controlled wirelessly with Bluetooth via module in the matter of seconds the master will connect to
computer program. to the slave deceive both modules will start flashing at
every two seconds indicating the successful connection.
III. METHODOLOGY The gyro sensors, flex sensors and
In order to pair two HC-05 Bluetooth module as master Bluetooth modules are connected to Arduino Nano
and slave we need to switch to AT command mode. HC-05 developing board. The transmitting circuit processes the
module are by default slave module. But to know the signal obtained from flex and gyro sensors and transmit
these signals via Bluetooth module to the receiving part
address we have to enter AT command mode.
of the robotic arm.
Connect the slave Bluetooth module using jumper wires to The receiving circuit receives the signals from transmitter
Arduino. circuit and execute the servo motors.
Thats all we need to configure the Bluetooth module to
work as master and slave devices and now if we reconnect
reconnect them in normal data mode and repowered the
movement is precise, accurate, and is easy to control and user
friendly to use. The robotic arm and vehicle has been
developed successfully as the movement of the robot can be
controlled precisely. This robot control method is expected to
overcome the problem such as placing or picking object that
away from the user, pick and place hazardous object in a very
fast and easy manner.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Our software has been tested and verified working. The
connection between the robotic arm and the app is very
strong. The movement is accurate up to 1-degree angle and
can be improved by working a bit more on the software side of
the controlling application.

V. CONCLUSION
The objectives of this project has been achieved which was
developing the hardware and software for a Wireless Hand
Gesture based robotic arm with controlled chassis tank. From
observation that has been made, it clearly shows that its

54 | FICT URC1-2016
55 | FICT URC1-2016
 E-PROCTOR
Students: Fatima, Carlos, Sarmad, Supervisor: Riaz ul amin
Department of Software Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract - This an android based application which will run frequently so keeping in mind our project this model is the
on android based cell phones and tablets. This app is a most suitable shown in figure 1.
combination of a scheduler and a system for lawyers and
advocates and judges where they can enter their cases and even
get reference from our e-book library where they can find
different articles of Pakistan. And this system can be expanded
with time to add more features. In Pakistan person related to
law are facing quiet problems regarding keep every detail of
every case in their mind its quiet complicated and they have to
go from a lot of books to find the regarding that case. And they
have to manually write details of every case in there diaries and
make a lot of files for a single case. If they are travelling so they
have to carry number of files and books as well which is very
hectic.

I. INTRODUCTION
This app will allow the lawyers of Pakistan to manage
and schedule their different cases over their mobile phones
they dont have to carry number of files and write every detail
manually on their diaries. They just have to take out their
mobile phones and open the app and avail different services
we are providing.
[2the Scheduler is used to provide client case info in a
managed way [3] we would like to add more features to the
system in order to provide more help to our clients so that
they can do their work in a more efficient way. For the
development of this application and keeping its maintenance
in our mind we are going to apply incremental model of
SDLC in our application because its requirements are not
changing that much but need to be maintained frequently so
keeping in mind our project this model is the most suitable.
Fig (1.0)
IV. METHODOLOGY:
for the development of this application and keeping its
maintenance in our mind we are going to apply incremental
model of SDLC in our application because its requirements
are not changing that much but need to be maintained
frequently so keeping in mind our project this model is the
most suitable.
V. TOOLS:
The development of this application is going to be in Java
language as its facilitate us with multiple libraries and its
one of the most strong language in market. It will be
developed on android studio.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT: VI. CONCLUSION:

In Pakistan person related to law are facing quiet problems
regarding keep every detail of every case in their mind its
quiet complicated and they have to go from a lot of books to
find the reference regarding that case. And they have to
manually write details of every case in there diaries and make
a lot of files for a single case. If they are travelling so they
have to carry number of files and books as well which is very
hectic.
E-proctor is an android application that will help lawyers
save their cases and client information digitally as well as get
access to Pakistans law digitally and manage everything on
the go.
REFERENCES
[1] Lawyers dairy
[2] Pakistan panel court for articles

[3] Lawyers scheduler

III. PROPOSED MODEL:

for the development of this application and keeping its

maintenance in our mind we are going to apply incremental
model of SDLC in our application because its requirements
are not changing that much but need to be maintained

56 | FICT URC1-2016
 File Management and Tracking System
Students: Nisar Ahmed , Muhammad Younis , Zirak Khan, Supervisor: Zubair Zaland
Department of Software Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract - management and Tracking System is used for

creating and tracking files. In every organization file work is
mandatory therefore in this system users can easily send file
from one department to another or from one user to another.
This web application is designed for Automation of Department
of organization to keep track of every file. Users can easily track
his/her own files though file id, file subject, created date. The
system provides restricted access over files.
I. INTRODUCTION
In every organization file work is mandatory. Currently
files move manually, carried by a person from one person to
another person in order to carryout official work. Files moves
in a hierarchical way. There are two types of files
(1) Note portion and
(2) Applications
Note portion files are those which has supported documents
attached for evidence while applications are leave
applications.
This system is basically intended to replace the manual file
system via deploying a computerized data based application
in which users can know the details and status of their files.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In present situation in any organization file work is
mandatory , so every time moving files manually from one
department to another or from one branch to another is
somewhat so difficult and time consuming. To avoid this
problem and to communicate each branch and department we
are going to introduce web based File management and
tracking system.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM:
IV. OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this document is to illustrate the
requirements of the project File management and tracking
system. The document gives the detailed description of the
both functional and non-functional requirements. The
document is developed after a number of consultations with
the client and considering the complete requirement
specifications of the given Project. The final product of our
group will be meeting the requirements of this document.
V. CONCLUSION:
Finally, the systems have achieved the proposed outcomes
through creating and tracking files for users in office work.
The proposed file management and tracking system design
for scaling accuracy, performance and time management
especially for office work. The performance of the system can
be further optimized compared to scaling work.
REFERENCES
[1] Future Digital Library Management Systems: System Architecture
and Information Access :8th DELOS thematic workshop : Schloss
Dagstuhl, Germany March 29 April 1, 2005
[2] Harmonising the process of procuring library management systems:
a feasibility study By 1.Shelagh Fisher Rachel Delbridge 3.Sin
Lambert.
[3] www.ProjectManagementDocs.com
[4] Software Engineering A Practitioners Approach Sixth Edition By
Roger S.Pressman
[5] http://www.techwrl.com/techwhirl/magazine/writing/softwarerequir
ementspecs.html

The main aim of the project File management and Tracking

System is to provide flexibility to govern organization to
maintain huge amount of pending files. This system will help
all government organization to keep track of every file. This
web application is designed for Automation of Department of
organization. In this System, We need to process files in
Hierarchy and proper action should be taken and necessary
permissions are given for the requested Files.

57 | FICT URC1-2016
 Image Security
Students: Agha Khushal Khan, Suman Shahid and Sehar Sajjad; Supervisor: Mr. Zubair Zaland
Department of Software Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
aghakhushalkhan@yahoo.com
Abstract - In this project, we will provide an overview of the
mechanisms used in image protection, especially encryption
techniques available today. We will see how AES is better than
previously proposed methods such as Data Encryption Standard
(DES), Triple Data Encryption Standard (Triple-DES) that have
been applied in image protection domain. The Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES) is a publicly defined encryption1
standard used by the U.S. government. It is a strong encryption
method with reasonable performance and size, replacing both
the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Triple Data
Encryption Standard (3DES). AES is fast in both hardware and
software, is fairly easy to implement, and requires little memory.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Security of images plays a major role in global
proportions. Image data are extremely sensitive and easily
possible to minor decoding by hackers. Images are used in
multiple areas for instance: distance education and training,
research and laboratories, commercial fields, military services,
in all these areas maintaining the security, and confidentiality,
accuracy of original image data is a vital issue. The main
Objective was to provide an Image encryption mechanism
which provides high security level, less computational time
and power in reliable and efficient way to deal with balky,
difficult and intractable data. Hence, securing of image has
become most vital issue. Image encryption techniques tries to
renovate an image to another image that is difficult to
understand; to keep the image confidential between users, in
other word, it is fundamental that no one could get to know
the contents without a key for decryption. In order to achieve
such a job, so many image encryption methods have been
introduced, but some of them have been known to be
unconfident, so always we want to build up more and more
secure image encryption techniques.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The sole purpose of encryption is to maintain the integrity
and confidentiality of the data.
Almost all networks are being installed, interconnected to the
global network. The information is not only text, but also
audio image and other multimedia images have been widely
used in our daily life. With the huge growth of computer
networks and the latest advances in digital technologies, a
huge amount of digital data is being exchanged over the
various type of networks The security of digital image has
become more and more important due to rapid evolution of
the internet in the digital world today, thus the basic idea of
encryption is to hide information from prying eyes. There are
traditional encryption techniques like DES, Triple DES,
IDEA, etc but at a certain point issues occur regarding to;
requires large data size,long computational time, high
computing power, not suitable for practical image encryption,
etc.
III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM:
Our proposed algorithm is AES (Advanced Encryption
Standard).AES is a symmetric block cipher used by the U.S.
government to protect classified information and is
implemented in software and hardware throughout the world
to encrypt sensitive For the applications of AES image
encryption and decryption, the encrypted image should be
different from and give no clue to the original one.
IV. METHODOLOGY:
Rijndael or AES is a block cipher developed by Joan Daemen
and Vincent Rijmen. The algorithm is flexible in supporting
any combination of data and key size of 128, 192, and 256
bits. However, AES merely allows a 128 bit data length that
can be divided into four basic operation blocks. These blocks
operate on array of bytes and organized as a 44 matrix that is
called the state[.For full encryption, the data is passed through
Nr rounds (Nr = 10, 12, 14) .These rounds are governed by
the following transformations;
A. Subbyte
Transformation: Is a nonlinear byte Substitution, using a
substation table (s-box), which is constructed by multiplicative
inverse and Affine Transformation.
B. Shift rows transformation:
Is a simple byte transposition, the bytes in the last three rows
of the state are cyclically shifted; the offset of the left shift
varies from one to three bytes.
C. Mix columns transformation:
58 | FICT URC1-2016
Is equivalent to a matrix multiplication of columns of the
states. Each column vector is multiplied by a fixed matrix. It
should be noted that the bytes are treated as polynomials The cipher text image is blank image
rather than numbers.

D. Add round key transformation: Is a simple XOR between

the working state and the round key. This transformation is its
own inverse.
E. Expansion key: With AES encryption, the secret key is
known to both the sender and the receiver. The AES
algorithm remains secure, the key cannot be determined by
any known means, even if an eavesdropper knows the
plaintext and the cipher text. The AES algorithm is designed
to use one of three key sizes. AES-128, AES-196 and AES- This image is output for encryption and input to decryption.
256 use 128 bit (16 bytes, 4 words), 196 bit (24 bytes, 6 The decrypted output looks like original image
words) and 256 bit (32 bytes, 8 words) key sizes respectively.
These keys, unlike DES, have no known weaknesses. All key
values are equally secured thus no value will render one
encryption more vulnerable than another. The keys are then
expanded via a key expansion routine for use in the AES
cipher algorithm. This key expansion routine can be
performed all at once or on the fly calculating words as they
are needed.

IV.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Here AES algorithm is used for image encryption. AES is V. CONCLUSION:

fastest algorithm among all others which shows comparative
performance benefits. We are using open source software java
application platform SDK therefore image encryption can be
provided without investing any cost.
The proposed methodology is applied for ensuring the
personal privacy with some modifications regarding interface
and code.
The above approach offers enhanced security, it aims to
provide user satisfaction by offering personal and sensitive
image data securely. This shows the successful image
encryption as well as decryption. AES algorithm is used for
encryption.
Lastly, this intends to give an insight in understanding the
concepts of image cryptography along with the importance of
secure image transmission.

The original input image taken for the project REFERENCES

[1] www.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2012/17393

[2] Esatjournals.net/ijret.

[3] Image Encryption and Decryption using AES Manoj. B, Manjula N

Harihar

[4] Review on Image Encryption Sneha Ghoradkar, (M.E. VLSI & ES)
Department of E&TC,D.Y. Patil College of Engg, Akurdi,Pune
Aparna Shinde (Assistant Professor) Department of E&TC,D.Y.
Patil College of Engg., Akurdi,Pune

Input original image before encryption

59 | FICT URC1-2016
 Patient Expert System
Student name: Faiza Razaq, Iqra Tabassum, Kinza Sattar, Supervisor name Dr. Riaz-ul-amin
Department of Software Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
faiza.razaq@yahoo.com iqra_tabassum47@yahoo.com

Abstract - The main objective of this system is to promote
health care practicality at the first hand i.e., enabling the
system to host features that not only contribute to
diagnosing/medicating the patients but also extending its roots
to the record management details, reliable data privacy along
with an effort to discouraging paper work thereby keeping the
patients connected to the doctors on the go using gadgets i.e.,
laptops, PCs etc. A detailed framework of a hospital
incorporating online facilities all molded into this single system.
This project work is on design and construction of Patient
Management System (PMS). The system provides the benefits of
streamlined operations, enhanced administration & control,
superior patient care. The system uses JAVA as the front-end
software which is an Object Oriented Programming language
and has connectivity with the back-end software.
.
I. INTRODUCTION
Medical records are the keystone to the healthcare
profession; however these records are not utilized to their
fullest potential. Often records are inaccurate, misplaced, and
/or duplicated unnecessarily. In a world which recognizes the
improvement of data digitization and networking as an
urging force which not only increases efficiency but also
lowers costs at the same time; it is our view that medical
records networking would really benefit the quality of
healthcare offered in Pakistan.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Lack of immediate retrieval of information is very difficult to
find particular information like- E.g. - To find out about the
patients history, the user has to go through various registers.
This results in inconvenience and wastage of time. Further
the information generated by various transactions takes time
and efforts to be stored at right place. Lack of prompt
updating of various changes to information like patient details
or immunization details of child are difficult to make as paper
work is involved. They are error prone manual calculation.
programming technique and has connectivity with SQL, as
the back-end software.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The study indicates that maximum user's expectations were
supported. The Patient Management System software meets
user requirement relating to entering patient data. It shows
the number of patients registered in the hospital database.
The system also was able to show patients past medical
records such as diagnosis, drug prescription and dosage. The
system also gives the number of in-patients in the hospital at
that particular time and what they are being treated for.
V. CONCLUSION:
Patient Management System not only provides an
opportunity to the hospital to enhance their patient care, but
also can increase the profitability of the organization.
Hospital administrators would be able to significantly
improve the operational control and thus streamline
operations. This would improve the response time to the
demands of patient care because it automates the process of
collecting, collating and retrieving patient information.
REFERENCES:
[1] Hospital Management and Information System. Quintegra
Solutions (2006).
[2] Acheng, D.O. (2008). Records Management System for Mbarara
Hospital (A Case Study of the Maternal and Child Health Section
[MCH]). Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/dorisacheng/hospital-records-
management-system, 02/01/2014.
[3] A. Silbershatz, H. Korth., S. Sudarshan, Database System Concepts,
McGraw Hill, 5th Edition, 2005.

III. METHODOLOGY:

This PMS is based on the database, object-oriented

programming language and networking techniques. SQL
(Structure Query Language) is used in areas where keeping
the records in the database is necessary, this system uses
JAVA as the front-end software which is an object-oriented

60 | FICT URC1-2016
 SendSecure: Encrypted Messenger for Android
Student name: Syed Muzaffar Ali, M. Sadiq Kakar, Mohibullah Khan. Supervisor: Adnan Ali Memon
Department of Software Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Smuzaffar_007@yahoo.com

Abstract - This work proposes an encrypted messaging data size, long computational time, high computing power,
application for Android users. It provides a secure channel to not suitable for instant messaging.
the users to chat securely online without any threat to their
privacy. Security at this level means that your messages are
encrypted before they leave your phone. Encrypted messages
III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM:
cannot be read by anyone except the recipient even if they are
interfered on exchange. People have issues with their privacy
as there is surveillance on their private chats as well as We are using public key algorithm for encryption. Public key
business secrets. The application will provide resistance to encryption solves the problem of maintaining key security by
surveillance and provide end-to-end encryption. having separate keys for encryption and decryption, which
uniquely match each other but are not predictable from each
I. INTRODUCTION other. In public key cryptography, the key has a public
part and a private part. The public part is made known to
Instant messaging has become the most common
everybody whereas the private part is kept secret by the
platform for communication. Instant messaging allows users
receiver. Anyone who intends to send a message to the
to communicate in quick and effective manners without the
receiver encrypts the plaintext using the public key
delays associated with emails. Instant messaging requires
corresponding to the receiver. Once encrypted using the
security as they can be compromised either by hackers or
public key, the cipher-text can only be decrypted using the
security agencies.The proposed application will provide end-
private key, which is safe with the receiver. We are using
to-end encryption for the users. Encryption is the process of
RSA public key algorithm. RSA stands for Ron Rivest, Adi
encoding the data or message in such a way that only
Shamir and Leonard Adleman, who first publicly described it
authorized persons can read it. The applications uses private
in 1978. The algorithm has three steps (1) Key generation (2)
key encryption for encrypting and decrypting the text. There
Encryption
are several organisations that provides the solution to the
(3)Decryption.
security of data in communications. Encryption is generally
regarded as safest method of guarding against the security
breaches. There is always a full time opportunity for further
research on Encryption algorithms that are needed in the
future.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

The sole purpose of encryption is to maintain the integrity

and confidentiality of the data. Almost all networks are being
installed, interconnected to the global network. With the huge
growth of computer networks and the latest advances in
digital technologies, a huge amount of digital data is being
exchanged over the various type of networks. So there is are
lot of chance of our data to be compromised and interfered
and our private communication being vulnerable to the cyber-
criminals. The security of data has become more and more
important due to rapid evolution of the internet in the digital
Figure1: Proposed algorithm
world today, thus the basic idea of encryption is to hide
information from prying eyes. There are traditional
IV. METHODOLOGY:
encryption techniques like DES, Triple DES, IDEA, etc. but
A. Key Generation
at a certain point issues occur regarding to; requires large
The RSA key pair is generated as follows
* Generate a pair of prime numbers $latex p$ and $latex q$

61 | FICT URC1-2016
* Compute $latex n = pq$$
* Compute the Eulers function RSA is a strong encryption algorithm that has stood against
many tests. RSA implements a public-key cryptosystem that
* Find an integer $e$ such that and is allows secure communications and digital signatures, and
coprime with i.e. $gcd(e,\phi(n)) = 1$. its security rests in part on the difficulty of factoring large
* Find another integer such that . numbers. The authors urged anyone to attempt to break their
This is determined using extended Euclidean algorithm code, whether by factorization techniques or otherwise, and
nobody to date seems to have succeeded. This has in effect
which gives where $k$ is some integer. certified RSA, and will continue to assure its security for as
The public key consists of the pair and the private key long as it stands the test of time against such break-ins.
consists of the pair .
REFERENCES:
B. Encryption and Decryption
RSA algorithm uses modulo exponentiation operation for
[1] Rivest, R.; Shamir, A.; Adleman, L. (February 1978). "A Method
both encryption and decryption. The plaintext is first for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key
converted to numeric codes before they are encrypted. For Cryptosystems" . Communications of the ACM 21 (2):120
instance, the letters in the plaintext are represented as 126. doi:10.1145/359340.359342.
integers for example a = 00, b = 01 z = 25. Once [2] Prime Number Hide-And-Seek: How the RSA CipherWorks,
the plaintext is represented by numeric codes the ciphertext is http://www.muppetlabs.com/~breadbox/txt/rsa.html.
generated as [3] http://www.di-mgt.com.au/rsa_alg.html

[4] Alasdair McAndrew. "Introduction to Cryptography with Open-

The receiver decrypts the ciphertext using modulo Source Software"
exponentiation operation with private key pair as

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The results show that RSA is a little bit slower than AES but
more secure and reliable in terms of data security and key

sharing.

V. CONCLUSION:

62 | FICT URC1-2016
 Stocks & Inventory Management System
Student name: Irfan Ul Haque, Muhammad Ibrahim. Supervisor: Kamran Ali Memon
Department of Software Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
kamranalimemon@buitms.edu.pk

Abstract - The Inventory Management System is inventory

database capable of connecting multiple stores or warehouses. Diagrammatic Data.
This can be used to track the inventory of a single store, or to
manage the distribution of stock between several branches. The
system records sales and restocking data and provides
notification of low stock at any location.

I. INTRODUCTION
The database will be capable of connecting multiple
stores. This can be used to track the inventory of a single
store, or to manage the distribution of stock between several
branches. However, the system merely records sales and
restocking data and provides notification of low stock at any
location. REFERENCES
This application will be developed for general office use and
for stores management. [1] IEEE. IEEE STD 830-1998 IEEE Recommended Practice for
Software Requirements Specifications.
IEEE Computer Society, 1998.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT: Lekkas, P.: Network on Chip, Springer, 2004.

Keeping store well managed is not an easy job at all, many

things are needed to be taken care of while doing the
respective job i.e. Time management, quantity management
and theft management.

III. OBJECTIVE:
The goal is to reduce the strain of tracking rather than to
handle all store maintenance. Further features may include
the ability to generate reports, but again the interpretation is
left to the management. In addition, since theft does
occasionally occur, the system provides solutions for
confirming the store inventory and for correcting stock
quantities. It will be helpful in record maintenance, stock
maintenance and would replace the manpower with
computer.

63 | FICT URC1-2016
 Campus Management System
Student name: Abdul Monim, M. Awais, Pervaiz Khan. Supervisor: Zubair Zaland
Department of Software Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
zubairzaland@buitms.edu.pk

Abstract - The Campus Management System is database

capable of connecting UAFA & Sports Complex
The system records Sports Complex memberships and UAFA
modules details.

I. INTRODUCTION
The database will be capable of connecting UAFA &
Sports Complex. This can be used to track memberships of
Sport complex scholarships and events.
This application will be developed for general office use and
for campus management.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Keeping Campus well managed is not an easy job at all, many
things are needed to be taken care of while doing the
respective job i.e. Time management, quantity management
REFERENCES:
and theft management.
[1] IEEE. IEEE STD 830-1998 IEEE Recommended Practice for
Software Requirements Specifications. IEEE Computer Society,
III. OBJECTIVE: 1998. Lekkas, P.: Network on Chip, Springer, 2004.

The goal is to reduce the strain of management rather than to

handle all Sports and UAFA. Further features may include
the ability to generate reports, but again the interpretation is
left to the management. In addition, since theft does
occasionally occur, the system provides solutions for
confirming the Campus Management and for correcting
memberships. It will be helpful in record maintenance, stock
maintenance and would replace the manpower with
computer.

64 | FICT URC1-2016
 Self-Navigation and Position Tracking System for
Visually Impaired Persons
Bashir Ahmed, Adil Israr
Department of Telecommunication Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Bashirkakar11@gamil.com

Abstract -Sensor based navigation and position tracking either depending on sighted humans or using Canes / Sticks
system will effectively guide the visually impaired person which is an extra burden to them.
without the need of walking stick and provide location of that Going from one place to another, they may lose their Memory
person at every instant. This project will create a better, because of too much tension.
alternative way for visually impaired persons to travel around.
We came across this idea because as technology has helped
many disabilities, the guiding walking stick has been the same III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
as time goes on.
Build a sensor array that uniformly cycles and collects data
I. INTRODUCTION accurately. Build an audio device that takes analogue input
and converts it to audio based on information stored on an SD
Wed like to create a better, alternative way for visually card. If the object is stoppable than the audio will
impaired people to travel around. The current methods for communicate it to the user. All 5 sensors will run without
blind people are by either using canes, or by using a guide interference.
dog. We think that these systems can be improved upon.
Guide dogs can sometimes be unreliable (since they are
animals with their own conscious). Walking canes only give a
limited view of objects since they are not typically very long.
In addition, walking canes cant differentiate between an
object that is moving and an object that is still without
additional sweeps of the cane. We think that we can develop a
better method that makes usage of motion detection. Our
project will effectively guide the blind user without the need
of a walking stick. We came across this idea because as
technology has helped many disabilities, the guiding walking
stick has been the same as time goes on. This belt will tell the
user where objects are located. For example: if a person is
walking and an object is detected to the left, using low
powered vibrators, a small pulse will be sent to the left part of
his/her torso indicating that the user cannot walk in that Fig. 1The flow diagram.
direction.
IV. METHODOLOGY
Proper literature study was conducted. Collection of relevant
data. Programming the Software. Assessment of the
Hardware. Hardware presentation.
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The result in Figure 3 shows that the ultrasonic sensor will
sense an obstacle and the output will show on the LEDs
connected to it representing the corresponding distance on the
Fig. 1The Block diagram. LCD screen..
Finally we will replace the output of the LED with audio file.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In our society even all around the world the blind peoples
have so many difficulties to go from one Place to another

65 | FICT URC1-2016
 Fig. 3 Initial Breadboard test.

VI. CONCLUSION
Over the course of the semester, we have become fluent at
programming on the Arduino and interfacing the Arduino
with external hardware. Learning and Understanding how
these components integrate let to the success of our project.
We are able to correctly detect a curb within a step of the user
and we can set the intensity of the corresponding motors
depending on the objects distance to the user.
REFERENCES
[1] "LVMaxSonar EZ1 High Performance Sonar Range Finder." Maxbo
tix. N.p., n.d.
Web. 01 Mar. 2015. <http://maxbotix.com/documents/MB1010_Datashee
t.pdf>.
[2] "Arduino SimpleAudioPlayer." Arduino SimpleAudioPlayer. N.p., n.d.
Web. 03 Mar.2015. <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SimpleAudioPlayer#.Ux
ds0vldWh0>.
[3] "Chaining MaxSonar Sensors, (AN Output)." Maxbotix. N.p., n.d. Web. 0
5 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.maxbotix.com/documents/LV_Chaining_Constantly_Looping_
AN_ Out.pdf>.
[4] "LM150 (ACTIVE) 3Amp Adjustable Regulator." Linear Regulator (LD
O). N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2015. <http://www.ti.com/product/lm150>.
[5] [5]"Arduino SimpleAudioPlayer." Arduino SimpleAudioPlayer. N.p., n.
d. Web. 09 Mar.2015. <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SimpleAudioPlayer#.
UxgW8fPnbcs>.

66 | FICT URC1-2016
Implementation of Analyzed Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Signals for Brain Computer Interfacing (BCI)
Faizan Ali, Israr Muhammad, Maham Ruba, Zahid Mehmood
Department of Telecommunication Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Abstract Movement restoration for independent mobility is
core to being able to allow an individual suffering from Neuro
muscular disorder to perform activities of daily living by
oneself. There are number of people who are unable to perform
daily tasks independently, due to motor neuron disabilities. Non-
invasive Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) provides an optimal
solution for the interaction between physically impaired
individuals and real world. In this work, EEG based robot is
designed and implemented for the people suffering from
physical disabilities. In this experiment eye blink method is used
for the decision taking purpose. Neuro Sky Mind Wave is used
to acquire EEG signals in a non-invasive manner and signal
features are extracted using Microsoft Visual Studio using Mind
Wave built-in library. After signal acquisition and processing
the decision are made and the ARDUINO controller controls the
motor circuitry to provide movement restoration to the
unblessed paralyzed people. The experimental setup used for
BCI provides better accuracy and allows the robotic vehicle to
move according to the user commands based on blink strength
detection, so it can become blessing for the physically impaired
people.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, Brain Computer Interfacing (BCI) based
on non-invasive scalp electroencephalography has become a
popular and active area of research. A large number of people
are suffering from motor neuron diseases become unable to
perform their daily life activities due to physical disabilities.
Most of disable people struggle to interact with the physical
environment and devices independently. Advancement in
technology has made it possible for paralyzed individuals to
become able to restore movements using the EEG signals that
have more efficiency than other bio medical signals. By the
implementation of EEG signals for BCI an efficient and
effective way of assistance can be designed to provide the
blessings to the unblessed people.
BCI using EEG signals is an alternate method for the
communication between brain and external environment
without using invasions or surgery. The electrical activities of
a human brain can be monitored and analyzed in real time
using an array of electrodes placed on different position over
the scalp as per requirement; these placements can be
achieved properly by using 10-20 standards for electrode
placement. Other than using typical electrodes
Different EEG sensors are available that can also provide the
electrical activity of brain reliably. Our target is to assist the
people who are unable to use the conventional interfaces, due
to severe motor neuron disabilities like Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS). The main goal of this research work is to
find an optimal method to implement BCI.
The main objective of this project work is to develop and
design an experimental model of EEG based mobile robot for
peoples suffer from motor disabilities. This is the motivation
to execute the real time wireless robotic model by utilizing
human brain signals in conjunction with eye blink strength as
an input command [1].
II. METHODOLOGY
The project is basically divided into three parts for the
purpose of implementation of a non-invasive BCI. The whole
methodology is shown in Fig 4 with the help of block
diagram and the experimental setup is shown in Fig 5. Figure
1 shows the phases of implementation methodology.
Fig. 1 Block Diagram Non-invasive EEG based BCI
A. EEG Signal Acquisition:
The first step of EEG based BCI is the acquisition of the
EEG signals. Different invasive and non- invasive methods
are used for the acquisition of EEG signals. In order to
acquire these signals traditional EEG equipment is being
used. These EEG signal measurement equipment comprise of
an electrode made up of a good conductor, EEG signals
amplifiers and EEG signal filters to only acquire signals lying
in the EEG frequency range. The signals in this project are
acquired using two devices/ways given below;
1. NeuroSky MindWave Mobile EEG Sensor:
The NeuroSky Mind Wave is a single channel prototype
sensor that acquires EEG signals using a single electrode
place on the forehead scalp and with reference point on the
ear with ear clip. As the worlds first comprehensive
brainwave-reading device for iOS and Android platforms, the
new Mind Wave Mobile headset is evolved for todays mobile
user as shown in figure 2. It differs from Mind Wave by
transferring data via Bluetooth, rather than radio frequency,
and is available in two packages: Brainwave Starter Kit and
the Mind Play bundle [2].
67 | FICT URC1-2016
The device is an instant way to acquire these signals. It has
built-in amplifiers and filters that allow the user to get the
raw EEG signals (Brain Activities) directly.
Fig. 2 NeuroSky MindWave Mobile EEG sensor [3]
2. Self-designed EEG Sensor:
The EEG signals can also be acquired by using a self-
designed circuit this circuit requires multiple filters and
multistage amplifiers to achieve the desired frequency range
with detectable and useable signal strength. In this work the
circuit is being designed using instrumentation amplifiers
(INA118), other multistage amplifiers using two amplifiers
ICs (TL082 & TL062). To carry these signals from the
forehead scalp instant electrodes are available that are placed
over the scalp according to the 10-20 standard of electrode
placement. The designed circuit can achieve the desired task
of acquiring these signals and carrying it to processing device
(PC) through microphone interface to the sound card.
B. Processing of the acquired signals:
Since the signal can be acquired using the above mentioned
methods. Now the second step is to process the acquired
signals. For the case of Neuro Sky Mind Wave this processing
is achieved by using Microsoft Visual Studio. MS Visual
Studio has the built-in library for the Neuro Sky Mind Wave.
This built-in library provide the capability to measure
different brain activities like attention, meditation, blink
strength & all the frequency components in EEG spectrum.
The processing includes the eye blink strength detection to
obtain four combinations for movements in four directions
with stop as fifth combination. Figure 3 shows the five eye
blink activities with respective movements.
Fig. 3 Movement Decision with respect to Eye Blink Activity [5]
C. Controlling robotic vehicle
Use these signal for driving the motor through
microcontroller. The signals received either by Neuro Sky
Mind Wave or self-designed sensor are processed then used to
perform control task the serial interface is used to provide the
actuating signals from PC to ARDUINO board. The
ARDUINO controller board is connected to the compatible
relay module. When actuating signal is received then it
switches the relay to provide a 12V DC voltage to the DC
geared motors to move the motor in desired direction
according to the combination.
Finally the complete assembly will allow the user to have an
independent movement restoration. In order to operate the
device the user wears the headset with the electrode at the
forehead and the ear clip for reference. The user will start the
MS visual studio program for simulation and then upon
blinking his eyes with different strengths and having different
attention levels it is possible to make decision for the
direction selection. The figures below show the block
representation of process and the experimental setup of the
non-invasive EEG based BCI.
Fig. 4 Block Diagram Non-invasive EEG based BCI [6]
The GUI provides the eye blink strength to the user that
allows the user to take decision according to the logical
condition written in the MS Visual Studio code
Fig. 5 Experimental Setup for Non-invasive EEG based BCI [4]
IV. OBTAINED RESULTS
For the purpose of signal processing in this work a Graphical
User Interface (GUI) is designed. The GUI allows the
experimenter to analyze the signals that are in the
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal range.
Blink detection effectively. The graphical representation of
some brain signals and blink strength is shown in the figure
6.
REFERENCES
[1] Ramya Stephygraph, N. Arunkumar & V. Venkatraman 2015
International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for
Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM)
Vel Tech Rangaragan Dr. Shagunthala R&D Institute of Sciences and
Technology, Chennai, T.N., India 6-8 May 2015.
[2] Anupama H. S, N. K. Cauvery & Lingaraju G. M International Journal of
Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology Research
(IJCEITR) ISSN(P):2249-6831; ISSN(E):2249-7943 Vol4,Issue 2, Apr
2014, 157-166.
[3] Wojciech SAABUN West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
[4] ] Ramya Stephygraph, N. Arunkumar & V. Venkatraman 2015
International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for
Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM)
Vel Tech Rangaragan Dr. Shagunthala R&D Institute of Sciences and
Technology, Chennai, T.N., India 6-8 May 2015
68 | FICT URC1-2016
 Object Tracking with Digital Video Based Surveillance
System over Wi-Fi Network
Sahifa Khan, Syed Izzatullah, Haris Khan, Zafer Zehri
Department of Telecommunication Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
syedizzatullah@gmail.com

Abstract Terrorist activities are common these days. With

the raising security threats nationwide, it is essential to have an
authentic automated security system for prevention of such
situations. Thus, the project was taken to reduce these incidents
by providing an optimal solution, where there is no human
dependency with a more reliable and secure wireless security
system which work also in unfavorable conditions effectively and
efficiently with less use of guided media .A wireless system is
deployed for the purpose of detecting and alerting any activity
in the respective area.

I. INTRODUCTION
The project would be capable of collecting, processing
and providing very precious information regarding to the
intruder in any specific area. It includes the live video
streaming over a Wi- Fi network to the monitoring room
where the operator can visibly see the activities outside
without any risk. Operator can also be alert by an alarm
which would be generated after detecting any activity in that
area.
The definition of a surveillance system is changing day by
day with variety of techniques which make it somehow bulky
with wires as well as non-secure. Our challenge is to design
such a system which need less circuitry and considered more
secure. There are both wired and wireless surveillance
systems available in the market and they come in all shaped
and sizes but wireless surveillance system are popular in
accordance to their flexibility easy installation and economic
benefits. The proposed model consists of two separate
modules that communicate wirelessly.
The first module is image capturing and streaming module. A
camera is interfaced with an embedded system that is
interfaced with an 802.11g/n Wi-Fi router. The live video is
streamed directly over WLAN. The camera is integrated with
180 degrees angle of freedom using a moveable motor
controlled base. The second module tracks and generates an
alarm against a moving object. Application software with an
object tracking algorithm behind is responsible for video
processing and object tracking. The GUI also provides a live
view of the streamed video directly from the monitoring
territory. The alarm generated after detection of a moving
object notifies the camera person to closely observe the
detected and take further necessary security action.
Fig. 1 Model view
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
1. A 24/7 active monitoring required for any camera based
security system, where a personal error can allow an intruder
to escape undetected. 2. A wired security system has
limitations like security, where a break in the physical
connection can lead to complete failure; and it is expensive
on the other hand.3. Security system based on self-
observation lack quick response in terms of alarm generation
and notifying higher competent authorities to take necessary
action. 4. A fixed system is limited to a certain area, where an
internet based system is viewable remotely over different
locations.
III. PROPOSED SOLUTION
1.The interface between camera and router is kept wireless
and efficient algorithms are applied for better security of the
network. 2. When any moving object is detected by the
camera, an alarm is generated in the control room which
alerts the operator in the control room. This system does not
need a person to keep an eye on screen 24/7. 3. An access is
made, that enables security officer to notify the higher
authorities and security institutions after an intruder are
detected. The officer can notify just with a press of button. 4.
A best future possibility is an object tracking live video

69 | FICT URC1-2016
system that can be monitored on remote devices
(smartphones) over the internet.
IV. METHODOLOGY
The project consists of both hardware and software which
coordinates from video capturing, processing, and
transmission over Wi-Fi till the final alarm generation in the
control room. The project is started by interfacing camera [1]
[2] module through installation and configuration [3] then
Interfacing Camera with Raspberry Pi[4]. At the software end
a program is developed. The very tricky part is to interface
Raspberry Pi with Wi-Fi module by creating a static route
between Raspberry Pi and PC. Raspberry Pi is remotely
controlled via Putty and a program is developed that securely
transmits video frames to PC. An object tracking algorithm
named CamShift Algorithm[5] is implemented in MATLB
on the received frames. A pulse is generated after detecting
an object that activates the Arduino to generate Alarm (a
portion in the above program is responsible for the pulse to be
generate). An application is created in JAVA for displaying
the above scenario. It is also desired to follow the object by
using the same application. A circuitry based on Arduino is
created for the above process of each unit of a single node
separately.[6]
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the final phase, our project displays result on a PC which
receives the live video stream from the Wi-Fi captured by the
camera module and when any object is detected it will
generate the alarm (a small beep with an indicator lamp).
VI. CONCLUSION
The mentioned methods are used to make the surveillance
system more secure with encoded wireless stream of live
video that cannot be hacked or compromised; as well as it
economically viable for real time implementation.
REFERENCES
[1] Picamera Configuration. [Online]. Available:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/learning/python-picamera-
setup/worksheet.md. [Accessed: 23- Jan-2016].
[2] RPi Easy SD Card Setup. [Online].
Available: http://elinux.org/RPi_Easy_SD_Card_Setup. [Accessed: 11-
Dec-2015].
[3] Installing OS images and Configuration. [Online]. Available:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/inst allation/installing-
images/windows.md. [Accessed: 19-Nov-2015].
[4] B. Soediono, Python Programming for Raspberry Pi in 24 Hours, vol. 53.
1989.
[5] L. S. Silva, J. Scharcanski, and E. El, A Fast Algorithm for Tracking
Moving Objects Based on Spatio-Temporal Video Segmentation and
Cluster Ensembles, 2015.
[6] V. Menezes, Surveillance and Monitoring System Using Raspberry Pi and
SimpleCV, pp. 12761278, 2015.

70 | FICT URC1-2016
 Ultrasonic object rummage with auto victim lock
saad jamil, Uzair khan, Arsalan khalid, Masood khan, Saeed Magsi
Department of Telecommunication Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
masood4488@gmail.com
Abstract Terrorist activities are common these days. With
the raising security threats nationwide, it is essential to have an
authentic automated security system for prevention of such
situations. Thus, the project was taken to reduce these incidents
by providing an optimal solution, where there is no human
dependency with a more reliable and secure system which work
also in unfavorable conditions effectively and efficiently.
Ultrasonic is deployed to detect and alert any activity in
respective area.
I. INTRODUCTION
The project would be capable of collecting, processing
and providing a very precious information regarding to the
intruder in any specific area. It includes ultrasonic sensors
that detects the moving or stationary objects and follows the
object autonomously. It will show the location, direction and
distance of the detected object on the screen simultaneously.
The available security systems are very costly and complex.
Our challenge is to design such a system which need less
circuitry and considered more secure and is cost efficient. The
proposed models consist of two ultrasonic sensors.
The first ultrasonic module is object detection and displaying
it on screen. An ultrasonic sensor is mounted on a servo
motor which rotates the sensor 180 degrees and keeps on
displaying the real time graph on GUI.
The second ultrasonic module follows the detected object and
keeps on tracking the object and it also have a responsive
system that hits the target. The GUI also provides a live view
of the object directly from the monitoring territory.
Figure 1: proposed model
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The current systems installed in security of restricted areas
are costly and only based on use of camera and image
processing. There is need for easily applicable and in
expensive solution for security of highly restricted areas.
III. PROPOSED SOLUTION
Designing an ultrasonic sensor based system that would
detect, follow object using ultrasonic waves and then hits
it .We will spot any type of intervention in restricted areas
and can follow them while they move and see the whole
process in a GUI. We are aimed to provide this solution with
in very low cost.
IV. METHODOLOGY
As mentioned above, our project consists of both hardware
and software which coordinates from detecting the object,
following the object, transferring its coordinates like distance,
direction and location of the object.
We started off by interfacing an ultrasonic sensor with the
software named as processing also we mounted the ultrasonic
sensor on a servo motor that rotates it. At the hardware end
we use an Arduino that processes the data received from the
sensors by using the Arduino IDE. The very tricky task is to
interface in our system was to synchronize the both modules.
Using Arduino we process the data received from both of the
sensors and also to sends the location of the detected object to
the 2nd sensor.
The software named processing is used to generate the graph
and displays any intervention. A pulse is generated from
ultrasonic and if the echo pin gets active then the Arduino
processes the data received from. A circuitry based on
Arduino is created for the above process of each unit of a
single node separately a node.
71 | FICT URC1-2016
 Figure 2: Flow chart

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In the final phase, our project detects an object displays result
on a GUI and when any object is detected the other sensors
will start following the object and then hits the object
autonomously.
VI. CONCLUSION
The methods above mentioned are used to make the
ultrasonic object detector and follower much more secure than
ever with encoding techniques which cannot be easily hacked
or compromised, as well as economically viable for real time
implementation.
REFERENCES
[1] https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-
images/windows.md
[2] http://elinux.org/RPi_Easy_SD_Card_Setup
[3] http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/install-operating-system-raspberry-pi
[4] https://www.raspberrypi.org/learning/python-picamera-setup/worksheet.md
[5] Yumi M, Luciano S & Jacob S, A Fast Algorithm for Tracking
Moving Objects Based on Spatio-Temporal Video Segmentation and
Cluster Ensembles , [paper]
[6] Yong-ik Yoon and Jee-ae Chun, "Tracking System for mobile user Based
on CCTV", Information Networking (ICOIN), 2014 International
Conference on, pp. 374-378. [Journal]

72 | FICT URC1-2016
 Potential for inter and intra-vehicular Communication
using Wireless Sensor Network
Abdul Qadir, Ifra Anum, Tahira Zakir and Ehsan Shah, Babar Ali
Department of Telecommunication Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
awsn@gmail.com

Abstract Wireless sensor networks are widely used structure with specific parts performing specific tasks [3]. A
throughout the technological mainstream. From medical science memory unit, processing unit, communication and power
equipment to auto motives. We aim to enable communication units are the essential parts. For the communication part, we
between and within vehicles [1]. After the project is completed, are using a ZigBee antenna. This has its particular range and
a whole ad-hoc based network with different motes will be
data rate.
created in a limited range.it is in hope to reduce the traffic
risks.WSN has its several parameter handicaps. Including
range, strength and mobility [4].Inter vehicle communication is
possible under any mobile condition because it does not include
creation of ad-hoc based connections. Theses temporary ad-hoc
based vehicular communication networks are hard to create and
sustain in high speed vehicles [2]. Making our contribution ever
so intriguing.

I. INTRODUCTION
The project would be capable of collecting, processing
and providing several types of technical information to the
user during an automobile journey. It includes, the
acceleration of the particular vehicle, acknowledgement of
illumination failures like brake and turn lights, emergency
condition distress signal generation. The vehicle would be
able to communicate with the immediate vehicles in its
proximity. And will share its information with them. All the
information that is shared and transmitted would be displayed
on an LCD embedded to every mote of the network.
The ad-hoc network is ever shifting and changing in mobile
Figure 1: Architecture
entities (vehicles) [2]. To create a stable and sustainable
network between nodes of the network is the real challenge.
In real time, traffic is unpredictable and very random in II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
nature. This creates an issue of end to end or point to point The ad-hoc nature of our communication model creates issues
data transfer between immediate vehicles. Our transmitted regarding interferences and data loss. A ZigBee antenna is
signal is since a broadcast signal, data redundancy and omnidirectional in nature. Which means that in a real time
mixing is a great factor too using this ad-hoc network for traffic scenario it would receive data coming from all
communication. We dont know which data is coming from directions in an unbiased way? This presented an issue which
which vehicle in motion in the vicinity or range of our is resolved by varying the directivity of the antenna.
antenna. Data might be lost or interfered with by other
incoming data of the same type. A wireless mote (node) is a III. PROPOSED SOLUTION
combination of hardware and software. It has its own

73 | FICT URC1-2016
The antenna parameter of directivity plays a major role in our
attempt to overcome this interference issue. The data from the
ZigBee is directed to an infrared sensor which then transmits
it in the direction specified. This restricts communication to
the immediate vehicles in the front and back. The range and
direction restriction improves directivity and error reduction.
One parameter has to be compromised to improve a more
important one. This is the case with our prototype. In real
case scenarios or the real model, a directive antenna in the
ZigBee module is a proposed solution for the given issue. Our
financial and availability issues were the limiting factors.
IV. METHODOLOGY
Our work involves experimental procedure involving a
combination of hardware and software. The wireless sensor
network is as described

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A result of our work on the directivity of communication unit

is displayed on the graphical LCD. The display shows the
parameters we wish to communicate. The range and
interference issue is resolved.

VI. CONCLUSION
the above methods used to enhance directivity resulted in
reduced errors and interferences in WSN automotive
communication. The proposed idea can now be implemented
on real scales.
REFERENCES
[1] Gawanmeh.A, Optimizing Lifetime of Homogeneous Wireless Sensor
Networks for Vehicular Monitoring, International conference on connected
vehicles and Expo, 2014, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 980-985 [journal]
[2] ElBatt. T., Saraydar, C., Ames. M, Talry. T.: Potential for Intra-Vehicle
Wireless Automotive Sensor Networks, pp. 01- 04 [conference]
[3] Carmo, J P. Mendes, P M, Couto. C, Correia. J H. A 2.4-GHz CMOS
Short-Range Wireless-Sensor-Network Interface for Automotive
Applications, IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 2010, vol. 57,
pp. 1764-1771. [Journal]
[4] Franchi. N, Fischer, G, Weigel. R, Radio Hardware In-the-Loop Emulation
for Testing Vehicular Communication Systems, [paper]

74 | FICT URC1-2016
 Monitoring a multilevel car parking system
Muhammad Suleman
Department of Telecommunication Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract Parking for vehicles is facilitated, monitored and

controlled by using sensors to determine the availability of
vacant parking spaces and by indications to alert vehicle
operators at parking gate of the availability a vacant space. A
computer controlled system monitors the sensors and controls
the delivery indicator signals. Data regarding parking
occupancy is used to inform drivers entering the facility. When
sensor since the empty slate this information is transmitted
wirelessly to display which is phase-out side the parking. The
driver will see which parking slot is available and he will go and
park his car.

I. INTRODUCTION
The present invention is to facilitate and monitor
vehicular parking more effect- timely, to make parking more Figure 1: Architecture
convenient for vehicle operators by providing information to
efficiently guide them to available parking spaces, to provide
better information to parking facility management concerning
the usage and occupancy of the parking facility, One aspect of
the present invention is to detect the location of available
parking spaces and communicate this information to vehicle
operators. In accordance with this aspect of the invention,
sensing devices are provided to locate vacant parking spaces
and RF is provided to generate signals designating the
presence of vacant spaces. RF communicates signals
regarding the availability of each of the spaces in an area that
immediately end-to-end to the available space. Accordingly,
parking spaces are made easier to find because vehicle
operators can see on display placed outside of parking to the
position of available spaces from about side. Figure 2: shows the RF transmitter and receiver RF transmit data and receive
data by receiver placed near to LCD.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Self-service parking facilities, parking availability
information provided to display typically consists of a sign
indicating whether the facility is full. If the facility is not full,
typically no information is provided to display concerning the
quantity or location of available parking.

75 | FICT URC1-2016
 III. METHODOLOGY The RF received data and the controller come to know the
empty slot and data is appear on LCD
The laser is hitting the LDR when LDR is hitting by light
parking slot is empty and data sis given to RF when leaser is REFERENCES
not hitting LDR means parking is full are going to use RF [1]https://www.google.com/patents/US20060212344
transmitters and Receivers for each parking slot. The RF [2] https://www.google.com/patents/US4075632
Receivers are connected to controller. RF rays are obstructed
when a car is parked in any parking slot. Thus controller will
come to know that which slot is empty and which slot is full.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Number Plate Verification using Image Processing

Zain Karim Qaisrani, Hassan Ali, ZeeshanAbid Ali, Shoaib Ali
Department of Telecommunication Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
zainkarim93@gmail.com

Abstract This work proposes a Number Plate Verification like military zones or area around top government offices.
(Extracting and identification) System, in which we are using The presented system is aimed to be light weighted so that it
image processing techniques which uses number plate of a car to can be run real time and recognizes Pakistani standard
identify the vehicle. The objective is to design an efficient number plate under normal conditions.
automatic authorized vehicle identification system by using the
The Number Plate Verification system works in three steps,
vehicle number plate. The system would be implemented on the
entrance for security control of a highly restricted area like the first step is the detection and capturing a vehicle image,
military zones or area around top government offices e.g. the second steps is the detection and extraction of number
Parliament, Supreme Court etc. The developed system first plate in an image. The third section use image segmentation
detects the vehicle and then captures the vehicle image. Vehicle technique to get individual character and recognizing the
number plate region is extracted using the Morphological individual character, then comparing Number Plate with the
operations from that image. Genetic Algorithm is used for the data base
character recognition. The resulting data is then used to
compare with the records on a database so as to come up with II. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
the specific information like the vehicles owner, place of
Four different algorithms are proposed, for extracting number
registration, address, etc. The system would be implemented
and simulated in MATLAB. plate region from the image Morphological Technique [1],[2]
and then connected component analysis[3] are used and for
I. INTRODUCTION number identification from the extracted number plate image
Genetic Algorithm[4],[5] and OCR are used.
The Number Plate Verification system was invented
in 1976 at the Police Scientific Development Branch in the
UK. However, it gained much interest during the last decade
along with the improvement of digital camera and the
increase in computational capacity. It is simply the ability to
automatically extract and recognition a vehicle number
plates characters from an image. In essence it consists of a
camera that was used to grab an image, find the location of
the number in the image and then extract the characters for
character recognition tool to translate the pixels into
numerically readable character. Number plate verification
system can be used in many areas from speed enforcement
and tool collection to management of parking lots. It can also
be used to detect and prevent a wide range of criminal
activities and for security control of a highly restricted areas

76 | FICT URC1-2016
 [5] J. Xiong, S. Du, D. Gao, and Q. Shen, Locating car license plate under
various illumination conditions using genetic algorithm, in Proc. ICSP,
2004, vol. 3, pp. 25022505.

Figure 1 flow chart

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The proposed system has been implemented using MATLAB.
Many experiments were carried out. Different car images
acquired at various camera-to-object relative positions in
different lighting conditions. The image is extracted exactly
same with different angles and at different distances.
IV. PROBLEM STILL FACING
The filters which are used in our proposed system are based
on distance and picture quality (Camera). Where changing
distance or picture quality, the filter would also be changed
manually through coding.
V. CONCLUSION
A new genetic-based prototype system for localizing 2-D
compound objects inside plane images was introduced and
tested in the Number plate verification system. The results
were encouraging and a new approach for solving the number
plate verification problem relying only on the geometrical
layout of the Number plate symbols was experimentally
proved.
REFERENCES
[1] J. W. Hsieh, S. H. Yu, and Y. S. Chen. Morphology based license plate
detection from complex scenes. 16th International Conference on Pattern
Recognition (ICPR02), pp. 79179, 2002
[2] M. Deriche, GCC license plates detection and recognition using
morphological ltering and neural networks, Int J. Comp. Sci. Info
Security, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 263269.
[3] MATLAB Product Help
[4] S. K. Kim, D. W. Kim, and H. J. Kim, A recognition of vehicle license
plate using a genetic algorithm based segmentation, in Proc. Int. Conf.
Image Process., 1996, vol. 1, pp. 661664.

77 | FICT URC1-2016
 DROID STICK
Students Names: Waseeq Nawaz ,Tayyaba humayun,Ushna babar, supervisor:Kamran Ali Memon
Department of Software Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
zainkarim93@gmail.com

Abstract - The gamers are well aware of all the difficulty of
carrying their remote as an extra weight or may be at a friends
place where you and your friend decides to play game but you
dont have your controller with you the Droid stick is the thing
that you need.
All you need is your Android based smartphone you can easily
install Droid stick on it within minutes and start playing your
game .it is simple and easy to install and understand.
This application is developed to provide an ease for people
who have craze for gamming by providing their console in a
single application which they can carry in their own pocket
where ever they go.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays everything available on phone for the ease of
people so why not a Remote for people who have craze for
gaming Game controllers have been designed and improved
over the years to be as user friendly as possible. The Droid
Stick is designed for gamers who dont want to carry extra
weight by taking their Console everywhere .This application
is developed to provide an ease for people who have craze for
gamming by providing their console in a single application
which they can carry in their own pocket where ever they go.
The Scope of the Droid Stick includes:
1. It is an android application so it will be downloadable on
any android cell phone.
2. The application will have self-mode in which you can
arrange your buttons by your own choice according to your
own ease.
3. The application will be updated with new features with
time if needed.
4. It will provide an ease for people who do Excessive gaming
they can play games where ever they want
5. It will be free of cost PS4 has its official app that provide
different functions but does not include a proper gaming
remote on the phone .
Other apps have their own gamepad along with game on the
screen but no app is specifically designed for this purpose
The design of the remote will look like the figure 1. The app
will provide attraction for users and game players .

78 | FICT URC1-2016
 extra for you to carry anywhere jus your smartphone and ou
are good to go..

REFERENCES:
[1] http://developer.android.com/training/game-controllers/controller-
input.html
[2] http://developer.android.com/index.html
[3] https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=gaming+remote+on+phone+screen
&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=667&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ah
Fig 1 UKEwjzhsqNtuPJAhVBT44KHbDvAmoQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=xoSljzrSTzs
X4M%3A
[4] https://www.playstation.com/en-gb/explore/ps4/features/playstation-app/
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT: [5] http://developer.android.com/training/game-controllers/controller-
input.html
The gamers are well aware of all the difficulty of carrying [6] Tools http://developer.android.com/index.html
[7] https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=gaming+remote+on+phone+screen
their remote as an extra weight or may be at a friends place &espv=2&biw=1366&bih=667&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ah
where you and your friend decides to play game but you UKEwjzhsqNtuPJAhVBT44KHbDvAmoQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=xoSljzrSTzs
dont have your controller with you the Droid stick is the X4M%3A
thing that you need .Nowadays everything is becoming
portable to create ease for people The system is designed for
people who are gaming addicts who carry their remote in
their backpacks in their everyday life so the solution to this
problem is somehow solved by Droid stick Suppose you are at
a friends place where you and your friend decides to play
game but you dont have your controller with you the Droid
stick is the thing that you need .All you need is your
Android based smartphone you can easily install Droid stick
on it within minutes and start playing your game .it is simple
and easy to install and understand
Some constraints that might arise in the form of
As android pad has many buttons because of this devices
those screen sizes is less than 3.5 inches cannot support this
application
Wi-Fi might not be available so Bluetooth will be used
Response time: it can show a little delay in pressing the
button and event to occur in the game
Android based smart phone is mandatory

III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM:

the project is made in android studio. In java language JDK

(java development kit) : It is used to provide runtime
environment. It is the implementation of JVM.It physically
exists. It contains set of libraries + other files that JVM uses
at runtime.

IV. CONCLUSION:

The app is very useful for people who are fond of gaming and
wants a portable gaming remote that does not need anything

79 | FICT URC1-2016
80 | FICT URC1-2016
 Children Monitoring Android Application
Students Names: Sahzain Shaukat, Ambreen Javed, supervisor: Zubair Zaland Kasi
Department of Software Engineering,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
sahzainbaloch@yahoo.com, ambreen.javed48@yahoo.com

Abstract - This project proposes the development of an well as facilitate the children with the option to contact their
Android Application that will help parents to monitor their parents in case of emergency.
childrens activities on their devices (smartphones / tablets). It
will protect children from harassment caused by unknown calls
and messages and will also decrease the access of improper
contents from internet as their parents will be keeping an eye on
their childrens activities through this application. It will also
provide an emergency call service for children who can contact
their parents when in need.

I. INTRODUCTION
In todays technology driven world, electronic devices
have become a staple of everyday life. While aimed primarily
at the adult population, an increasing number of tech-savvy
children are using these devices, whether it be to supplement
their education or to play games, therefore, this much
increased usage of smartphone devices leads to the necessity
of parental supervision.
This application will be developed for children under the age
of 12, with mutual agreement parents can view all of their
childrens text message logs, call logs, web browsing history
and their current location. This app will also facilitate
children to make an emergency call to their parents when in
need.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Children these days can be easily harassed by unknown
people via calls and messages as well as improper content
from the internet can be harmful for their mental and physical
growth.
Due to their hectic routines parents are unable to spend time
with their children as much as they should so in order to
tackle this problem this application will help parents
supervise their childrens activities from anywhere they want
without being physically present with them all the time.
III. PROPOSED OBJECTIVE:
Figure1: proposed system
IV. METHODOLOGY:
This app is being developed using Android Studio and
requires an internet connection. It will work on two devices
i.e. parents phone and childs phone. All the data will be
accessed from childs phone and will be stored on a remote
server which will help parents to access all the content
anytime from anywhere they want.
Privacy of the information has been taken under special
consideration where Id synchronization method is used to
ensure the privacy and security of the system.
A unique connection Id will be assigned to both the parties
which will assure that the parent will only be able to see his
own childs phone activities. It will also assist parents by
indicating the current location of their children.
V. CONCLUSION:
The proposed system will result in the safe usage of
smartphones by children with appropriate supervision of their
parents which will contribute to the safety of children in the
society.
The performance of this system can be further optimized with
the advent of new technology.

This work is motivated by todays technology driven world REFERENCES

where children use smartphone devices without any
supervision. The main objective of this app is to facilitate [1] Belen Cruz Zapata, Android Studio Essentials.
parents to monitor their childs mobile phone activities as Santi Phithakkitnukoon, Inferring Social Groups [2]
Using Call Logs.

81 | FICT URC1-2016
 Online Menu Ordering System for Restaurants
Students Names: Ghazanfar ,Kashif, Saddam,Supervisor: Ayesha Abdul Majeed
Department of Information Technology,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Ghazanfarjaffar1,sasolisaddam93 @gmail.com

Abstract - The growth of wireless technology and Mobile devices
in this era is creating a great impact on our lives. Some early
efforts have been made to combine and utilize both of these
technologies in advancement of hospitality industry. This
research work aims to automate the food ordering process in
restaurant and also improve the dining experience of customers.
In this paper we discuss about the design & implementation of
automated food ordering system. The web-based application on
users mobile will have all the menu details. The order details
from customers updated in central database and subsequently
sent to kitchen. The restaurant owner can manage the menu
modifications easily. The web base application on mobile devices
provide a means of convenience, improving efficiency and
accuracy for restaurants by saving time, reducing human errors.
Index Terms - notification system, android, Model View
Controller
I. INTRODUCTION
The basic problem in the food service industry is that
restaurants are not realizing efficiencies that would result
from better applications of technology in their daily
operations. The earlier food ordering system was entirely a
manual process which involved waiters, pen and paper. The
waiter had to note down orders from customers, take these
orders to kitchen, update them in records and again make bill.
with automated food ordering system will be equipped with a
user-friendly screen, software for completing the process at
the backend. For this system there will be a system
administrator who will have the rights to enter the menu with
their current prevailing prices. The system administrator can
enter anytime in the system by a secured system password to
change the menu contents by adding or deleting an item or
changing its price. Now when the customer enters the
restaurant, customer will place his order with the help of the
touch screen using the intuitive graphical user interface, right
from the selection of menu items, confirming the order and
viewing offers. The customer will select from the food options
according to his choice and the system will display the
payment amount customer has to make once finished with the
order.
II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Online Menu Order System is a web-based, which run online
on server, so a comprehensive architectural overview of the
system is depicted in Fig.1.
ADMIN
View

Even though this system is simple it may involve human

CRUD

errors in noting down the orders. There are many reasons

leading to the feeling of dissatisfaction including being
entertained late in terms of order taking by the waiter and
Receive Records
meals serving. To overcome these limitations in manual Database
system, order restaurant management system is proposed in
this paper to automate food ordering process.
IIS
E-menu is a new technology for restaurant ordering solutions.
The system includes touch-screen devices installed with a
piece of software to show a restaurant menu with actual
photos of the dishes [1]. The touch-screen devices are not only
Customer Customer Customer Customer
used to display the list of food and beverages, but also to
process the restaurant services, from ordering to payment [2].
However, Chen, Lin and Yen [3] indicate that interactive Fig. 1 System Architecture of Online Menu Order System
restaurant table-top e-menus can also be implemented by
using interactive surface technology to enlarge the size of Figure 1 shows the overall architecture of the Online Menu
menus and increase customer attraction. The food restaurant Order System .It consists of three users customer, admin and

82 | FICT URC1-2016
chef. Admin views order, add menu category, view update and
delete menu category. Customer views and places order
whereas chef views the order and prepares the food.

Online Menu Order system is web application for customer to

place their respective order developed in asp.net [4].

Through Online Menu Order system web application

administrator will add or update menu which will be stored in
the database as shown in figure 2. Administrator will also
view customer order .Chef will view order as shown in figure
3.

Fig.3 Web user interface for Chef

III. CONCLUSION
The purpose of this project was: To make communication
easier and quicker between the restaurant internal staff and its
customers. Our future idea is to expand the existing system by
incorporating mobile application for placing and real time
feedback system.
REFERENCES
[1] Restaurant Menu Software eMenuReady to Wave Goodbye to Traditional
Paper Menus. Available:
http://www.forpressrelease.com/forpressrelease-28032-restaurant-menu-
Fig. 2 Web user interface for Admin software-emenu-ready-to-wave-goodbye-to-traditional-paper-
menus.html
[2] M. Y. Ricky, "Mobile Food Ordering Application using Android OS
Platform," presented at the ICASCE 2013 International Conference on
Advances Science and Contemporary Engineering, 2014.
[3] T.-H. Chen, H.-H. Lin, and Y.-D. Yen, "Mojo iCuisine: The Design and
Implementation of an Interactive Restaurant Tabletop Menu," in Human-
Computer Interaction. Towards Mobile and Intelligent Interaction
Environments: 14th International Conference, HCI International 2011,
Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part III, J. A. Jacko, Ed.,
ed Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, pp. 185-194.
[4] Microsoft Visual Studio Available: https://www.visualstudio.com/.(7-20-
2016). gneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface, IEEE Translated
J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digest 9th Annual Conf.
Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
[5] M. Young, The Technical Writers Handbook, Mill Valley, CA:
University Science, 1989

83 | FICT URC1-2016
 Wireless Hand Gesture Based Robotic Arm with
Controlled Chassis Tank
Students: Shahbaz Faisal(GL), Shoaib Ahmad(AGL), Hamad Ahmed, Qahir khan, Bilal Baloch
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Supervisor: Engr. Zia Javed
shahbazdurrani92@gmail.com, Shoaibz789@gmail.com, charismatic_spark@yahoo.com

Abstract - In todays world there is an increasing need to
create artificial arms for different inhuman Situations where
human interaction is difficult or impossible. They may involve
taking readings from an active volcano to diffusing a bomb.
Here we propose to build a hand gestured based robotic arm
with controlled chassis tank by natural human arm movements
This robotic arm is a robotic manipulator, usually
programmable, with similar functions to a human arm. The
development of this arm is based on ATmega328 platform called
Arduino along with a personal computer for Signal processing,
which will all be interfaced with each other using serial
communication. Servo motor is used for joint rotation. We can
restrict its rotation from 0 to 90 or 0 180 depending upon the
conditions. It has about same number of degree of freedom as in
human arm. Humans pick things up without thinking about the
steps involved. In order for a robot or a robotic arm to pick up
or move something, someone has to tell it to perform several
actions in a particular order from moving the arm, to
rotating the wrist to opening and closing the hand or as
fingers.
The data is acquired through the use of gyro sensors and flex
sensors. A Bluetooth module is used for transmitting the signal
from human hand and is received by the Bluetooth module of
robotic arm. The chassis tank is controlled by GUI image
processing which moves the tank in all the directions. Finally,
this prototype of the arm may be expected to overcome the
problem such as placing or Picking hazardous objects or non-
hazardous objects that are far away from the user.
I. INTRODUCTION
A Hand Gesture Based robotic Arm with Controlled Chassis
Tank is a kind of robot which can be controlled by the hand
gesture. It is an arm consisting of four joint just like a human
arm (like shoulder, elbow, wrist, jaw). It contains four servo
motors and Arduino microcontrollers are used. Each servo
motor is connected to the joint of arm just like human arm.
Robotic glove is weared by Human hand on which circuit is
placed. The robotic glove circuit includes gyro sensor and flex
sensor and also Bluetooth module. One Bluetooth module is
placed on robotic hand and the other on the robot. When the
hand is turned or tilted the gyro sensor sense the motion of
the hand and also when the fingers are bent then the flex
sensor sense the change in value and sends the signals which
is received by the other module and the movement in the
robotic arm is executed. The robotic arm is mounted on the
chassis of a tank which is also controlled wirelessly with
Bluetooth via computer program.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Several problems on this project have been defined to simplify
the development process. The problems are:
A. Material Selection and Considerations
The most suitable material to fabricate the structure of the
arm has to be light and strong. Otherwise, the servo motor
will not be able to pull up the arm and to perform the desired
turning degree. Among the materials that can be considered
to fabricate the structure are fiber glass, aluminum, Perspex,
plastic polymer, and carbon fiber. In choosing the fabrication
materials, the aspect of availability of the materials, the
overall cost, should also be taken into consideration. Thus
among the five materials considered, The fiber glass is chosen
fabrication material.
B. Design The Mechanism and Fabrication of the Robot Arm
The mechanical structure of shoulder, elbow and wrist form
the main part of the robot arm. The main problem in this part
is on how to attach the servo motor onto the section or joint to
achieve the desired turning degree level. The accuracy of the
mechanical design dimensions is consider as part of the main
problem since minor error in the dimension will cause major
problem in the fabrication of the arm structure.
C. Electronic Circuit Design and Software Programming
The electronic part is used to control the movement of the
arm component. For
this purpose, the Arduino microcontroller is used. Problem
occurs in order to program the transmitting and receiving
part to interface or communicate between them.
III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
The main objective in completing the project is to achieve the
standards that have been set. The objectives are as follows:
A. Design and Fabrication the 4 DOF Robot Arm
The main objective of this project is to design the 4 DOF
revolute robotic arms that able to carry out certain task. The
revolute robotic arm is able to move similar to human arm
with the help of hand gestures. The arm is designed so it is
able to rotate clockwise and counter clockwise (180 degrees)

84 | FICT URC1-2016
and able to pick and place objects. The arm needs to be as overcome the problem such as placing or picking object that
light as possible in order to maximize payload. away from the user, pick and place hazardous object in a very
fast and easy manner.

Its very difficult during the warfare to monitor in any non-

B. Design of Servo Controller Circuit going areas, loss in communication or when surveillance
The second main objective is to design and fabricate the servo needed thus designing a system that will not only help in
controller circuit that will be used to control the robot arm monitoring but could also be used for detection of obstacles
servo via a connection to an Arduino Uno. and movement.
C. Design and Fabrication of the vehicle
The third main objective is to design and fabricate the chassis REFERENCES
on which the robotic arm is mounted so that the robot can be
moved from one place to another. [1] http://www.robosapiens-
D. Robot Software and Interfacing with the Robot Arm india.com/cookbook/robotics%20virtual%20book/index.h
The next main objective is to design robot interface tml
application using Arduino software to control the servo [2] http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/servo-motor
controller circuit board to run the robot arm. The transmitter [3] http:// ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5283/1/109EI0297.pdf
program sent servo position to the receiver program on the
controller circuit. Processing software is used to communicate
between the vehicle and the controlling PC.

IV. METHODOLOGY

Robotic Arm

Robotic Vehicle

V. CONCLUSION

The objectives of this project has been achieved which was

developing the hardware and software for a Wireless Hand
Gesture based robotic arm with controlled chassis tank. From
observation that has been made, it clearly shows that its
movement is precise, accurate, and is easy to control and user
friendly to use. The robotic arm and vehicle has been
developed successfully as the movement of the robot can be
controlled precisely. This robot control method is expected to

85 | FICT URC1-2016
 Solar Thermal Power Plant using Parabolic trough
Students: Wahajuddin, Supervisor: Mr. Ishtiaq Marwat
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Wahaj666@.com

Abstract - [Three main elements in abstract problem for every power consuming sector. The problem in
1) problem statement, 2)Contribution, CSP is it require more Land space than other power plants i.e
3) Significance.] This work proposes generation of electrical Hydral, fossil fuel etc. but advantage is for CSP is Free Source
energy through renewable source. It increases the potential to of energy which can overcome the cost of generation
overcome energy crisis. The annual mean solar irradiance is
compared to other plants of same capacity which will put land
1367 W/m^2 and sun temperature is 16,000,000 Kelvin. Sun has
enough hydrogen in its core that will last about 4.5 billion years. space issue to its shadow.
Since Earths X-sectional area is 127,400,000 km^2, total sun [Statement of your proposed work, i.e., objective. May include
power intercepted by earth is 1.740 * 10^17.Taking into account figure that illustrate the framework of the proposed work
the seasonal and climatic conditions the actual power reaching (algorithm or architecture or system or model etc.]
the ground generally averaging less than 200 Watts per square
meter. Thus average power intercepted by earth is 25400 III. PROPOSED MODEL:
Terawatts. Integrating this power over the year, total energy
received by earth is 222,50,000 Tera watthours. Thus it makes This work is motivated by work and development in
sun a free and reliable source of energy. which can be used in
renewable source in generation of electricity. The proposed
remote areas where power transmission is not applicable.
[Must be concise and provide the following. 1) Introduction to
methodology has been tested.
the problem, 2) Critical review of state-of-the art related works,
3) Motivation for extended work.]

I. INTRODUCTION
Concentrated solar power (CSP) is trendy in power
generating circles. It uses free source of energy and can be
utilized by different methods. Such as Lense, mirrors,
parabolic trough. Here parabolic trough is used to condense
solar irradiance, to be utilized as essential part of Power
generation
The main hurdle is to generate enough amount of steam
pressure which will able to derive both turbine and generator.
Concentrated solar energy depends upon climatic conditions,
any interception can cause break in steam generation which
can lead to slowing down the process.
This problem can be overcome by alternative methods of
generating steam such as thermal oil and molten salts. Which
stores heat energy and may often provide same amount of heat
energy as per requirement of steam generation during
undesirable weather conditions.
[Must state the limitation of existing works and how
improvement is made. Basically answering why you have to
do this?]
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT.
Considering power crisis in Pakistan it is more feasible to put
CSP plants under development than PV systems. PV can
resolve problem for both home end users and industries as per
their requirment whereas CSP plants can overcome the
[Procedure describing how the result/proof is obtained. The proposed work can
be as one of these types: experimental, simulation, mathematical. Clearly specify
development/ design/ analysis setup. What verification method/procedure (data,
tool, observed criteria) are used.]
III. METHODOLOGY
This is the simplest form of CSP system, where the solar
collector field is composed of rows of trough- shaped solar
collector elements, usually mirrors, with an integral receiver
tube. They are parabolic in one dimension only and form a
long parabolic shaped trough of up to 150m in length. The
collectors are usually installed in rows and the total solar
field is composed of several parallel rows. The collectors are
connected to a single motor, controlled by a solar tracking
control system, which ensures that the maximum amount of
sunlight enters the concentrating system throughout the day.
The solar receiver is a black-coated, vacuum glass tube
contain- ing the heat transfer fluid, either oil or water. The
concentrated sunlight heats the heat transfer fluid to

86 | FICT URC1-2016
temperatures of up to 400C, which can then be used to
generate electricity using a turbine and an electrical
generator.
The Direct Solar Steam project (DISS), a test facility at the
Plataforma Solar de Almera (PSA) in Spain3, has a solar
field composed of 11 parabolic trough collectors with a
north-south-oriented rotating axis and a total reflective
surface of 2 750 m2. The 11 collectors are each made up of
12m long by 5.7m wide reflective parabolic trough modules
connected in series in one 550m long row.
[2] EUR 20898 European Research on Concentrated Solar Thermal
Energy
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities
2004 39 pp. 21.0 x 29.7 cm
[3] Beurskens, L., Hekkenberg, M., Vethman, P., Renewable Energy Projections
as Published in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans of the
European Member States. ECN, 2011

[Results may be presented in a graph/ table form. Clearly

analyze the results.]

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The result in Table 2 shows that by applying the second stage
tuning, the original gain can be maintained and settling time
can be improved up to 2.5 times faster compared to the single
stage rescaling work. Power dissipation is reduced about 33%
according to KV coefficient and area is reduced 25-28% from
the original design. Table 2: The Miller amplifier circuit
performances on 0.18 0.13 m processes for long and short-
channel.
Table 1

[Stress on the contribution and significance of work]

V. CONCLUSION
It is Green Source of Energy.
This project can help transmit electricity through grid station
to consumer end.
The main costumer of this project is WAPDA and other
Power generation stations owners.
It also can be implemented on small level like houses. It can
fulfill the requirement of electricity to all loads. (Air
Conditioner, Water Pumps etc.).

REFERENCES

[1]http://www.bine.info/fileadmin/content/Publikationen/Englische_Infos/t
hemen_0213_engl_Internetx.pd

87 | FICT URC1-2016
Implementation method of solar updraft tower power plant
Students: Zia Mehmood, Supervisor: Muzamil Hussain
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Ziamehmood007@gmail.com

Abstract - renewable source to produce power.

I. INTRODUCTION III. WORKING PRINCIPLE

The conventional sources used for the production of
electrical power i.e coal, steam, diesel and nuclear are The working principle of solar updraft tower is simple. Air is
expensive and uneconomical. Increasing prices due to limited heated by using solar radiations under a transparent roof
resources and rising demand pose serious problems even for which is open at periphery. In the middle of this transparent
rich countries. Poverty, the population explosion and roof is a vertical tower with a large inlet at its base. The point
migration are, amongst other reasons, also a consequence of of joint between the roof and the tower is air tight. After the
insufficient energy supply and high energy costs. According air gets heat its density decreases and it becomes lighter than
to the International Energy Agency, about 1.6 billion people the cold air. So, it rises up through the tower. Suction from
have no access to electrical energy, and about 2.4 billion have the tower then draws in more hot air from the collector, and
to rely on biomass for cooking and heating. These numbers cold air comes in from the outer perimeter. At the base of this
are increasing. Today there is a great need of power to be tower generator is installed which rotates with the force of the
produced by some renewable source and solar updraft tower is air passing through the tower and as a result electricity is
one of the clean, safe and the most efficient way of producing produced
electrical power in sunny areas without using fuel other than
natural fuel i.e solar radiation and wind which are available
everywhere without any expense. Solar energy can be used in
various indirect (biomass, hydro power, wind) and direct
forms (solar thermal power, photovoltaic systems). It should
not need cooling water, and it should be based on
environmentally sound production from renewable or
recyclable materials. Solar updraft towers meet these
conditions. Large solar updraft towers (> 100 MW)are
capable of generating electricity at a cost comparable to that
of conventional power plants.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

As in our country there is very shortage of electricity and the

conventional sources (coal, nuclear and steam) used to
produce energy are very costly and are not environmental IV. PARTS OF SOLAR UPDRAFT TOWER
friendly. They produce heating and other problems. The solar
updraft tower is a renewable energy source and it can be used There are three basic parts of solar updraft tower
to produce large amount of electrical energy without using collector/catchment area
fuel.
Tower
A. Significance Turbine/generator
In this paper implementation of solar updraft tower Collector:
technology will be discussed and its working principle will
be presented. It is a large area with a transparent roof used to heat air using
solar radiations. Thus the ground under the roof heats up and
B. Contribution transfers its heat to the air flowing radially above it from the
We will emphasize the role of the electrical engineer in this outside to the tower.

88 | FICT URC1-2016
A. Tower
It is similar to a large pipe installed at the middle of the
collector. The hot air from the collector rises up and passes
through this tower.

B. Turbine/generator
At the base of this tower generator is installed which produce
electrical energy.

V. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOTYPE
After a lot of research a experimental prototype of solar
updraft tower is established in Manzanares, which is about
150 km south of Madrid, in 1981/82, with funds provided by
the German Ministry of Research and Technology. It has a
output of 50kw. The aim of this experimental project was to
analyze the performance and the feasibility of producing
power by solar updraft tower. The results obtained were quite
satisfactory and showed that the system is capable of
providing highly reliable operation.

Prototype established at Manzanares is the key advantage.

REFERENCES

[1] Jorg Schlaich Address: Schlaich Bergermann und Partner, Structural

Consulting Engineers, Hohenzollernstrasse 1, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
Research field: solar energy, towers
[2] Islamuddin, A., Al-Kayiem, H.H., Gilani, S.I., 2013. Simulation of solar.
chimney power plant with an external heat source. In: Proceedings of the 4th
International Conference on Energy and Environment. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
[3] von Backstrom, TW (2003). Calculation of Pressure and Density in Solar
Power Plant Chimneys. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125: 127-129
[4] Dai YJ, Huang HB, Wang RZ (2003). Case study of solar chimney power
plants in Northwestern regions of China. Renewable Energy 28: 1295-
1304

89 | FICT URC1-2016
 Smart energy meter
Students: Aimal Khan, Supervisor: Engr. Muhammad Waleed Raza
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
engr.aymalkakar@hotmail.com
Abstract - Power sector is the most viable and core
structure of Pakistan. Pakistan is under developed country
striving to strengthen its structure by technology and
innovation. As the world is flourishing towards technology and
smartness, Electrical Energy Generation, Transmission and
Distribution is converting towards Smart Grid to overcome
energy losses and synchronize every renewable source to a
Smart Grid. With the ordinary Grid system there is problem
with Energy measurement though it is quite simple and mostly
reliable system all over Pakistan but it has some disadvantages.
Ordinary meters which are implanted all over in Electrical
system for the measurement of energy consumption has the least
significance and it can cause and create errors in net measuring.
The very profound disadvantage having ordinary meters are no
communication between consumer and local grid or with
national grid, it is also not suitable for measurement of two way
flow of energy. And it has no familiar interface for its
consumers. Smart Energy Meter has way more advantages over
ordinary meters. Smart Energy Meter is the building block for
the Implementation of Smart Grids. It has all the possible viable
solutions for better Energy measurement. As it provides user
friendly Interface for its consumers can measure two way flow
of Energy consumption and it communicates with the consumer
or with the Grid. Smart Meter shares all the consumption
portfolio with the Gird on daily basis as Grid will have the
updated record of its consumers.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the transformation of conventional grid to a
digitalize electricity grid is moving forward due to
severalfactors. Conventional Grid can only sync or process
only primary sources. It does not have the compatibility of
merging renewable sources other than primary. For the better
use of all the energy sources whether primary or renewable
(Solar, Wind, Tidal etc.) A Grid must be Smart enough to
control and process all the energy sources which can be
possibly utilized. Smart Meter plays an important role with or
without Smart Grid. Even without a system of Smart Grid a
Smart Meter provides the solution of better Energy
measurement, communication with Grid or with Consumer
and a User friendly interface for the consumer to look up the
Energy consumption and manage it accordingly. As with the
Smart Grid it has a special feature of combining the energy
generated from consumer end. Renewable energy like solar is
the most commonly used secondary source of energy by a
consumer. When the peoples as a consumers also participate
in a power generation as they can generate their power and
contribute to the industries. As most of the Energy got wasted
or not even used by consumer, this wasted energy can coop
with the Smart Grid and it can sync or being processed as a
secondary source just as like other secondary sources. Smart
meter has the feature and a solution for Smart Grid as it has
the capability of measuring two way flow of Energy. Primary
measurement would be the energy consumed by the consumer
and Secondary would be the energy generated by the
consumer. Due to the Smart Meter a consumer is the buyer
and the seller of the energy at the same time. This will allow
the Smart Grid to process the energy generated by the
consumer end and it will enhance the system and decrease the
energy crises. This method can reduce the energy crises. As
everything is turning into smart, Smart Meter is the perfect
and comprehensive set of system with the Smart Home. This
Project can be merged with Smart Hometo make a complete
Smart Home system. From Smart Energy measurement
toSmart Energy consumption.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Ordinary Meters has some real time unidentified errors which
produces a considerable loss of energy. Ordinary Meters have
mechanical parts which has some frictions and can be
reversed or they have a big disadvantage of to be slow which
creates error in net measurement. It does not have user
friendly display and cannot communicate with Grid. These
problems arent notifiable unless they have a checkup of
errors. The primary approach of Smart Meter is to overcome
these errors and to provide a thorough solution of these
problems.
III. METHODOLOGY
The Smart Meter technology has become a trend in the future
of power distribution systems and some applications should
be provided with its installation in residential consumers.
Methodology provides a complete flawless method residential
load identification and measurement using data provided by
Smart Meter. Smart Meter is and Embedded System which is
completely controlled by software. The Smart Meter has a
Controller which runs on a software to controls all the
operations of the Smart Meter. The controller takes the Inputs
from the current measurement sensor to measure the exact
amount of energy being consumed by the consumer, software
then calculates the amount and converts it into values
familiar to the consumer. Which then displays on the LCD
screen of Smart Meter. For the two way measurement of
energy two sensors are used in counter directions one for the
measurement of the energy consumed and other for the
90 | FICT URC1-2016
measurement of the energy generated by the user. Software [3]
https://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar?q=pv+grid+connected+system&hl=en
collects the data ad calculate it and shows the differenced &as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYg6XyttzJAh
value of energy delivered and energy consumed. For the WUUY4KHVC4DuUQgQMIFzAA
communication with consumer there are two approaches, a [4]
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1507024&url=http
Bluetooth module could communicate to a Smart phone or %3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3
Tablet device. A consumer-side software could be installed in D1507024
a consumer device, such as: tablet, Smartphone, [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_meter
[6]
microcomputer, etc. This software receive some http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6520030&newsea
measurements in order to show the loads identified. An rch=true&quer]Text=smart%20meter
application must be installed for receiving data from Smart [7]
Meter and to show it on mobile device of the consumer. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6243549&newsea
rch=true&queryText=smart%20meter
Communication with Grid requires an end to end network.
For such network Wi-Fi link can be an approach for receiving
and sending data to the Grid, its an efficient approach but
its too costly. For cheap and reliable data exchange the
ZigBee communication technology is proposed to exchange
data between smart meter and consumer.

IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM

V. RESULT AND CONCLUSION

All the related research and methodology describes the

benefits and stability of Smart Meter in a power system. For
better generation and utilization of Electrical energy it is
mandatory to have a clean and smart system of measurement
as all the financial economy depends on the energy
consumption and better measurement. As far as I reached it is
the most viable solution for of Power sector to look over the
Energy consumption with a better sight.

VI. REFERENCES

[1] http://newenergynews.blogspot.com/2013_ 12_01_archive.html

[2]
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6542215&url=http
%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3
D6542215

91 | FICT URC1-2016
 Priority based load management
Students: Muhammad Noor, Muhammad Imran Safi, Asmatullah, Hidayatullah, Shahzada Aimal khan
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Supervisor: Engineer Muhammad Waleed Raza
achakzai22815@gmail.com

Abstract - Electrical power lack age is due two main
reasons, lack of power generation and mismanagement of the
use of electrical power. Management of electrical power is an
easy and inexpensive way in order to reduce consumption of
electricity, utilize available power in an effective way i.e. utilize
it for more time. The mentioned title is work for management of
electrical power on priority bases in such a way to increase time
period of utilization of the available source. Waste of power is
being saved to large extent due to application of the mentioned
system.
The dumb people were facing a lot of problem to
communicate with other people due to the non-generalization
of sign languages. Different sign languages are available but
these are specific to particular regions. There is a need to
design an application or system that can solve out this issue.
By using this application, they can communicate with other
people in a simple and efficient way. This application can
reduce the gap between the normal and deaf and dumb people
and in this way we can serve humanity.

I. INTRODUCTION
The priority based load management increases life of the
utilization of the an electrical power source by providing
power only to the priority loads, while if there is no need of
power to priority loads then it will be automatically transfer to
less priority loads. This word reduces the extensive waste of
electrical power in daily life i.e. in house hold, industries,
institution etc. The analysis shows that large amount of
electrical power is saved. The project is easy to operate and
inexpensive to implement. Figure 3 FLOW CHART

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Many countries are suffering from lack of electrical power
which has effected directly on their economy and production.
Because electrical energy is the basic need of life today in
every field that is the industries, agriculture, hospitals and
educational institutions etc. To avoid these problems
electrical energy has to be managed in a great way. The
priority based load management one of the technique to
improve management of electrical power. First power is given
to loads which are of imported use and then transferred to the
less important ones.
III. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
III. IMPLEMENTATION
It is the modern method of energy management. In this we
design a hardware device that will do priority based load
distribution. We connect this device to the main.
This work is verified on a prototype which consists of
different component for results and experiments.
It consists of two supply i.e. an infinite supply source, limited
power source, four sample loads, switches four input signals
these components are all interfaced with Arduino
microcontroller through raleys. Microcontroller is
programmed in the software aurduino ide in order to do the
following process.

This work is basically for the continuous electrical power in
any area. The powers through different loads are detected by
the microcontroller then message is transferred to relays
which connect high voltage loads to the low voltage
microcontroller. On the bases of the input signals given to
microro controller it takes decision and processes as describe
above
1. Circuit is supplied with two types of supplies; one is
WAPDA and the other one is domestic i.e. Generator.
2. Switch is connected which connect either WAPDA or
generator supply.
3. Our load consists of four loads(lamps).
4. The circuit is so designed that when supply is
WAPDA all the relays will be ON. That mean we

92 | FICT URC1-2016
 will supply power to all the load or we can say that The switches of room2, room3 and room4 are on.
the entire load will be ON. Result 2
5. When the generator is supplying power, the circuit The bulbs of room 2 and bulbs of room3 are on. Other will not
will do the priority bases load distribution. glow.
6. When generator is the supply then we have the Action 3
capacity to turn on only 2 lamp priority wise. Switches of room1 is on.
All other switches of other rooms are on.
7. (Priority of load1 >priority of load2 >priority of load3 Result 3
>priority of load4). Room one bulb will glow.
Room two will glow.
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM Room three and four will be not glow.
Action 4
Room two, three and four switches are on.
Room one switch is off.
Result 4
Room two and three bulbs will glow.
Room one and two will not glow.

REFERENCES

[1] b_e_n (9.11.2011) what is Arduino, [online]

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-an-arduino
Figure 4 Block diagram
[2] Electrical Technology (11.06.2014) types of switches [online]
The block diagram can be better explained by the table given below.

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Result of project is shown in the following case study below.

Situation 1
When the priority is set such that the priority of room 1 is
highest and then come room 2 then 3 and then 4 (room1 >
room2 > room3 > room4).
And the supply is provided by WAPDA.
Action
If we turn on the switch of any bulb
Result
It will glow.
You can turn on the entire load at a time.

Situation 2
When the priority is set such that the priority of room 1 is
highest and then come room 2 then 3 and then 4 (room1 >
room2 > room3 > room4).
And the supply is provided by BATTERY.
Action 1
If the switch of all the bulbs is on.
Result 1
All the bulb of room1 and bulbs of room2 will be on other will
not glow.
Action 2
All the switches of room1 are off.

93 | FICT URC1-2016
 Generate power using sky fuel through
Convex lens & natural gas
Students: Abdin, Alam Amin, Supervisor: Mohsin Habib
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
abdinpasund@gmail.com , alambaloch1193@hotmail.com
Abstract - This paper deals with the problems associated with
the generation of power using sky fuel through convex lens and
natural gas. After an introduction, in chapter I. The structure of
this hybrid power generation system is described in chapter II.
Furthermore, all of its components are described one by one in
chapter III and summary of this paper is described in chapter
IV along with a conclusion in chapter V and references of this
research are described in chapter VI.
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy is the most valuable resource and foundation of
civilization. It is also our heritage for future generations.
Preserving this resource for future requires a thorough
understanding of energy resources, optimal operation and
sustainable usage. Solutions that previously seemed
impossible or too expensive, today, are technically and
economically achievable. Application of new capacity
generated by renewable energy sources, new management
systems, advanced technologies and improving productivity
can contribute to economic growth.
Solar energy is one of the most important sources of energy as
it is free and no other country can charge for the use of the
sun. Solar energy, on the other hand can be important because
this energy is infinite.
Addressing the issues related to solar energy and renewable
energy is important for everyone. This report investigates the
nature of solar energy; various ways of exploiting it; and
examining the state of the art technologies used to provide
power from this profitable energy.
II. STRUCTURE OF HYBRID POWER PLANT
There are two sources of thermal energy. One from conveyed
sun light and second is from burning of fuel (Natural Gas).
Due to these two thermal sources, water is heated, turned into
steam which spins a steam turbine which then drives the
electrical generator. The flow of steam is controlled by a
steam controller valve. For
constant speed, there is a flywheel attached to the shaft of
generator and turbine. Generator induce an AC voltage which
is stepped up by a step-up transformer. Its development is
divided into two stages, which are solar fuel and conventional
fuel (natural gas). Solar fuel conversion consists of movable
Optic lens, solar boiler, steam turbine and generator. The
proposed System is implemented on hardware. The working
prototype is developed. The experimental results show that
the power generated by Using Sky Fuel through Convex Lens
and Natural Gas increases as much as 20% in comparison
with thermal power unit.
III. COMPONENTS OF POWER PLANT
The Components used in this projects are as follows:
A.MOVABLE OPTIC LENS
A lens is a Trans missive optical device that affects the focus
of a light beam through refraction. A simple lens consists of a
single piece of material, while a compound lens consists of
several simple lenses (elements), usually along a common
axis. Lenses are made from transparent material such as glass,
ground and polished to a desired shape. A lens can focus light
to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without
focusing. Devices that similarly refract radiation other than
visible light are also called lenses, such as microwave lenses
or acoustic lenses.
B. BOILER TANK
Boilers are pressure vessels designed to heat water or produce
steam, which can then be used to provide space heating and/or
service water heating to a building. In most commercial
building heating applications, the heating source in the boiler
is a natural gas fired burner. Oil fired burners and electric
resistance heaters can be used as well. Steam is preferred over
hot water in some applications, including absorption cooling,
kitchens, laundries, sterilizers, and steam driven equipment.
C. STEAM TURBINE
A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a
rotating output shaft.
Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly
suited to be used to drive an electrical generator about 90%
of all electricity generation in the United States (1996) is by
use of steam turbines. The steam turbine is a form of heat
engine that derives much of its improvement in
94 | FICT URC1-2016
thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in not get condensed, it will not give required space to other
the expansion of the steam, which results in a closer approach steam behind it, to expand to its required volume.
to the ideal reversible expansion process.

D. ALTERNATOR
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts
mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of
alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most
alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a
Stationary armature. Occasionally, a V. CONCLUSION
linear alternator or a
rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used. In By implementing this method for the generation of power we
principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an can produce electricity by lowering the economic costs. It is
alternator, but usually the term refers to small rotating environmental friendly. It can be used in rural areas. It can be
machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion concluded that it has more benefits than other power sources.
are called turbo-alternators. Large 50 or 60 Hz three phase If compared with solar cell unit, it can be used in hot areas too
alternators in power plants generate most of the world's while the efficiency of solar cell decreases with increase in
electric power, which is distributed by electric power grids. temperature

ATMEGA328 is the microcontroller used in this system. REFERENCES

Signals from sensors are given to the microcontroller and this
microcontroller will digitize the signal and send it to the [1] R. Athey, E. Spencer, 1992, Deaerating Condenser boosts Combined- Cycle
android phone through Wi-Fi. The controller has properties [2]. Plant Efficiency, Graham Manufacturing Corp., Houston
[3]. E. Augsten, 2009, Make the Desert Bloom, Sun & Wind Energy,
like inbuilt ADC, essential to get the signals from the different [4]. September Issue, pp. 52 55
Sensors. By this the microcontroller that is used in this project [5].F. Avellan, 2007, Turbomachines Hydrauliques, Pertes Energtiques, Ecole
has some extra advantages. The passive Infra-Red (PIR) Polytechnique Fdrale, Lausanne A. Avila-Marin, 2011, Volumetric Receivers
in Solar Thermal Power Plants with Central Receiver System Technology: A
sensor will, under typical condition, detect a human being Review, Solar Energy, Volume 85, pp. 891 910
moving around within approximately 10m from the sensor. As
live human body releases thermal radiation it is received and
used by the PIR sensor to detect persons. PIR sensors are
passive infra-red sensors. The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor
is a pyro electric device that senses motion by determining
changes in the infrared (heat) levels released by surrounding
objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a rapid
change in the surrounding IR patterns. When motion is
detected the PIR sensor will give signal to microcontroller and
then send message to android phone through Bluetooth
technology. We are also using ultrasonic sensor, metal
detector, humidity and temperature sensor, vibration switch
module to make the robot more intelligent.

IV. CONDENSER

In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or

unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid
state, by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is given up by
the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant.
Steam condenser is a device in which the exhaust steam from
steam turbine is condensed by means of cooling water. The
main purpose of a steam condenser in turbine is to maintain a
low back pressure on the exhaust side of the steam turbine.
After releasing from nozzles, the steam has to expand to a
great extent for converting available energy into it to usable
mechanical work. So, if the steam after doing its work, does

95 | FICT URC1-2016
 IOT: Control of Electronic Appliances through Smart
Phone
Students: Bilal Dost, Abdul Rauf, And Agha Ali Oan Raza,, Supervisor: Abdul Rehman
Department of Information Technology
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
m.bilal1782@gmail.com
Abstract - The internet of things (IOT) is a novel paradigm that
is becoming popular with research and industries. The basic idea
is that IOT will connect objects around us (electronic and
electrical) to provide seamless communication and contextual
services provided by them. We are also building a project which
is based on IOT. This work processes a mobile connectivity
system with your home electrical appliances. The home
appliances would be connected with an Arduino board which is a
microcontroller. This Project would be of great significance
because it also provide ease for the user. It is not necessary for
user to be at the same geographical position to use or to control
that specific electrical device.
This project will be important to the Business use as well as for
general home Purposes.
I. INTRODUCTION
The project is based on Internet of things. The Internet of
Things (IOT) is a system of interrelated computing devices,
mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people
that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to
transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-
human or human-to-computer interaction.
This system is designed to produce to connectivity with the
home electrical appliances. The user is connected with the
appliances where ever he is. The connectivity is because of
internet, so this whole connectivity works on the principle of
Internet of things. The user interface would be a Mobile
Android application through which the user will be connected
with the device remotely.
The main motivation to do this work was that this Internet of
thing is not very new technology but is rarely implemented
overall in the world. So we started to develop an internet of
things project which can be easily implemented for home and
business use. The whole connection is not wired i.e. wireless
Figure 5 System Design
Problem Statement: This work is already being done in the
other part of the world. But the connectivity is by Bluetooth,
in some cases its also connected through Wi-Fi but its
expensive enough.
II. METHODOLOGY
Firstly the appliance is connected with the Relay board which
adjust its voltage with Arduino board which is a
microcontroller. This microcontroller is then connected with
an Arduino Wi-Fi Shield which would provide its connectivity
with net wirelessly. This Wi-Fi shield is connected with a
router which is placed at home. Its IP is configured and this IP
will be stored in the mobile app through which it will control
that particular home appliance.
There would be a message sent to the Arduino by the android
application. The message will then control the appliance
through Arduino, e.g. if the application sends a message i.e. 0,
then the electrical appliance which is connected with the
Arduino board, will turn off. These messages would be
predefined in that mobile application.
REFERENCES
[1] Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of
Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future
Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.
[2] Kelly, S. D. T., Suryadevara, N. K., & Mukhopadhyay, S. C. (2013).
Towards the implementation of IoT for environmental condition monitoring
in homes. Sensors Journal, IEEE, 13(10), 3846-3853.
[3] Lazarescu, M. T. (2013). Design of a WSN platform for long-term
environmental monitoring for IoT applications. Emerging and Selected
Topics in Circuits and Systems, IEEE Journal on, 3(1), 45-54.
[4] Google
[5] Wikipedia
[6] Youtube
96 | FICT URC1-2016
WAN Security and Load Balancing Over ISP for Multiple
Sites
Students: Hafeez ur Rehman, Faka ul islam, Rehan wali, Izhar, Supervisor: Abdul Rehman
Department of Information Technology
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Hafeez_2014@yahoo.com
Abstract - WAN of any organization of different branches as
secure network with load and balancing if one gateway failed so
automatically thorough protocol it will adopted the backup way.
And data will flow through IPsec and GRE tunnel, in this IPsec
tunnel data and routing protocol of any organization branches
will be flow in encrypted form over ISP, instead of leased line we
have managed IPsec tunnel over ISP which will save handsome
amount of any organization, and this is hub and spoken topology.
All the branches will be communicate over ISP, there will be
IPsec over ISP for security.
I. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Wide area network security and load balancing our ISP for
multiple network sites or different sites
II. INTRODUCTION
This document seeks to provide the wan of any
organization, which will communicate different site/branches
over ISP as secure and there will be load and balancing of
users and computers to access wan in each internal network of
different branches of any organization. Our work on wan of
any organization will serve as a guideline for future
networking. Furthermore, this document presents an initial
description of the various protocols and services.
Functions, including
Layer 2 switching
High availability
Port security
QOS classification and marking and trust boundaries
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) inspection
Virtual access control lists (VACLs)
Spanning tree
Power over Ethernet (PoE) and auxiliary VLANs for VoIP
Figure 1: Network design diagram
Following is the system interfaces:
Data terminal equipment to local area network (DTE to
LAN systems)
local area network to local area network (LAN to LAN
systems)
local area network to wide area network (LAN to WAN
systems)
wide area network to wide area network (WAN to WAN
systems)
LAN and WAN systems to physical environment
LAN and WAN systems to network management systems. For
simplicity and readability, this document considers a
metropolitan area network to be a local area network (LAN).
This document specifies IPsec tunnel over ISP to
communicate different sites of any organization.
The three functional layers of the hierarchical network model:
the access, distribution, and core layers.
Access layer: Provides workgroup/user access to the
network.
Distribution layer: Provides policy-based connectivity and
controls the boundary between the access and core layers.
Core layer: Provides fast transport between distribution
switches within the enterprise campus.
Second Stage
Tuning: MOSFET Furthermore you can deploy FTP and
TFTP servers for all any organization branches in one branch.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) for own web site and
FTP (File transfer protocol) for data sharing. And more you
and deploy online quiz and online software for all branches
97 | FICT URC1-2016
Your hardware devices like Routers and switches must be in [8] http://techterms.com/definition/operating_system
Rack and it should be secure form unknown persons. [9] http://www.computerhope.com/

III. CONCLUSION
In this IPsec tunnel data and routing protocol of any
organization branches will be flow in encrypted form over
ISP, instead of leased line we have managed IPsec tunnel over
ISP which will save handsome amount of any organization,
and this is hub and spoken topology.
REFERENCES
[1] Taylor, J. W., & Buizza, R. (2002). Neural network load forecasting with
weather ensemble predictions. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on,17(3),
626-632.
[2] Baran, M. E., & Wu, F. F. (1989). Network reconfiguration in distribution
systems for loss reduction and load balancing. Power Delivery, IEEE
Transactions on, 4(2), 1401-1407.
[3] Haykin, S., & Network, N. (2004). A comprehensive foundation. Neural
Networks, 2(2004).
[4] Odom, W. (2007). Ccent/ccna icnd1 official exam certification guide (ccent
exam 640-822 and ccna exam 640-802). Cisco Press.

[5] https://networklessons.com/
[6] https://cisco.com
[7] https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25690/vmware-workstation

98 | FICT URC1-2016
 Internet Controlled Surveillance Tank
Students: Muhammad Arsalan, Mubeen Usama, Adeel Ali, Asad Ali, Ayesha Iftekhar
Department of Information Technology
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract - Intelligent mobile robots and cooperative multi- agent room lost their lives by no immediate rescue that is because of
robotic systems can be very efficient tools to speed up search and slow rescue operation.
research operations in remote areas. Robots are also useful to do Our project proposes a robotic vehicle that moves in the
jobs in areas and in situations that are hazardous for human. destructed area and helps in identifying the live people. Hence
They can go anywhere that is not reachable by humans and can go precious life can be saved by timely detection in natural
into gaps and move through small holes that are impossible for
calamities even without the help of large number of rescue
humans and even trained dogs.
operator.
I. INTRODUCTION
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing
computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot
controls and realization of new methods of control theory.
This technical improvement together with the need for high IV. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
performance robots created faster, more accurate and more
intelligent robots using new robots controlled devices, new
drives and advanced control algorithms.
This Project deals with live personal detection robot which is
based on 8 bit Motor Driver PIR sensor and is used to detect
alive humans. The project is mainly used in the DEBRIS for
rescue.
All the above systems are controlled by the Raspberry pi 2.
The Motor-controller is used to control the motors. It catches
the signals from the PIR sensors and it drives the motors
giving to the sensor inputs. IP moveable camera will transmit
live streaming of overall situation to PC. Rover 5 robot
platform is used to drive the robot.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

In destructed environments it is impossible to detect live
humans who need help and many of them loose their lives as a
Fig1. Flow Chart
result. Detection by rescue workers becomes time consuming
and due to vast area that gets affected it becomes more
difficult. In our country rescue operations are performed by Algorithm:
humans and trained dogs which are both risky and time Step 1: Start
consuming and as a result we lose precious lives. In past, we Step 2: Initialize micro controller
have seen such incidents in our country for example Karachi Step 3: Initialize motors
Air Base attack in which seven men who were trapped in store Step 4: Initialize sensors
Step 5: Monitor sensors

99 | FICT URC1-2016
Step 6: If person detected
Show Status
Step 7: If obstacle detected
Show status
Step 8: If bomb detected
Show Status
Step 9: If fire detected
Show status
Step 10: If earthquake detected
Show status
Step 11: Monitor sensors
Step 12: Stop
IV. METHODOLOGY
A. PIR sensor
The passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor will, under typical
conditions, detect a human being moving around within
approximately 10m from the sensor. As live human body
releases thermal radiation it is received and used by the PIR
sensor to detect persons. PIR sensors are passive infra-red
sensors. The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyro electric
device that senses motion by determining changes in the
infrared (heat) levels released by surrounding objects. This
motion can be detected by checking for a rapid change in the
surrounding IR patterns. When motion is detected the PIR
sensor will give signal to motor driver and then send message
to android phone through Bluetooth technology.
We are also using ultrasonic sensor, metal detector, humidity
and temperature sensor, vibration switch module to make the
robot more intelligent.
B. Motor driver
A motor driver is a little current amplifier; the function of
motor drivers is to take a low-current control signal and then
turn it into a higher-current signal that can drive a motor.
This motor driver that is used in this project has some extra
advantages.
C-Application
Designing a webpage to control the forward and backward
movement of robot by phone or computer. This will be done
by Wi-Fi module. It has the ability of giving information
about detection and drive the tank. Thus detection of alive
human is showed as a pop up message to the user.
Figure 6 Block diagram
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This paper contains two sections. One is Robot section and the
other is Control section. In robot section, the sensors about the
corresponding parameters are made to available. In the
control section, the parameters are shown on android phone.
In Robot and control sections, Motor driver forms the control
unit. In this system, a robot is fixed with motors. A motor
driver is used to control all tasks. According to the motor jobs
the ROBOT will operate in specified directions. The detection
of parameters is finished in a continuous way and the detected
value is conveyed using the Bluetooth module to the android
phone. Movable camera is capable of transmitting live video
streaming to PC, it will transmit live signals through wireless
radio frequency to analyze condition of alive humans.
IV. CONCLUSION
Hence many lives can be saved by using this autonomous
vehicle in disaster environment in a short duration which
becomes time consuming and unaffected if done manually.
This vehicle can be improved by using high range sensors and
high capacity motors.
REFERENCES
[1] Seethai, A., Azha Periasamy, and S. Muruganand. "Rescue Robotics Using
Artificial Intelligence."
[2] Vijayaragavan, Mr. SP, and B. Tech. "Live Human Detecting Robot for
Earthquake Rescue Operation." International Journal of Business Intelligent 2,
no. 01.]
[3] Sharad, Rupnar Pallavi, and P. R. Thorat. "Live Human Detecting Robot for
Earthquake Rescue Operation."
[4]. Mr. M. Arun Kumar, Mrs. M. Sharmila Wireless Multi Axis
ROBOT for Multi-Purpose Operations, Department of ECE, SVCET & JNT
University Anantapur, India
[5] Robert L.Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and
Circuit Theory, 8th Edition, 2006.
100 | FICT URC1-2016
101 | FICT URC1-2016
 The Atari Boy (T.A.B) Mobile Game
Usman Sarwar, Nurmeen Rafique, Syed Ainullah,Faisal Khan
Department of Information Technology,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Usmansarwar667@gmail.com
Abstract -Atari games were popular in the 80s and early
90s era. These games were famous among a huge number of
people of many age groups. This project is aimed at reviving the
concept of Atari games by presenting an 8-bit character in an
advanced 32-bit interface. The look and feel of this retro
character recalls the Atari games of old era by combining logics
from several Atari games.
I. INTRODUCTION
The games developed nowadays are mostly on 32-bit
graphics, we only see the modern and advanced graphics with
little focus on the actual game play. Atari games that were
used in 1980s are now a thing of past. Most of the people in
todays age are not aware of the joy of the actual game play.
Atari games were based on 8-bits graphics. This gaming
interface has entirely vanished from the gaming industry.
In this project, we attempt to revive the idea of 8-bit in
combination with advanced interface. To the best of our
knowledge, such works are rarely available in the market.
Therefore, our work can be a motivation for others to remake
the games in a new dimension. Furthermore, with the help of
this idea the new generation will also get to know about the 8-
bit gaming interface (Atari).
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Proposed Concept
To illustrate the working of 2D gaming that will revive the
8-bit Atari games in 32-bit graphics mode.
B. Methodology
1) Interfaces: The interface for the player will be entertaining
and engaging. The controls will be easy to understand and
simple to use. Menus will be interactive and easily accessible
throughout the game. Once the game is in playing mode,
everything a player needs will be clearly visible on the screen
and easily accessible Player will find the most basic functions
of the game; fun to play, from character creation to
educational exercises.
Fig. 1 The relationship between user and different modules and dependency of
modules on each other
2) Hardware Interfaces: The product is will operate on
dynamic mobile platforms including Android, iOS, and
Blackberry. As such, the game should be able to adjust to
touch.
The graphics resolution will be 640x480 at most 256 colors
at a resolution. This will allow the game to be played on
older versions of android. The amount of graphical content
will also be limited to ensure that the total size of the game
remains under the 80mb limit.
3) Constraints: Currently, the following constraints are
specified.
Any version of android will be able to install and run
the game.
Minimum requirements of the game are
1GHz processor
1GB ram
C. Assumptions and Dependencies
We assume the following responsibilities from the client
during the game development process:
Provide testing methods and help in developing
the test cases with our test engineers.
Upon the completion of the development process,
organize meetings and workshops with the target
user groups to test the software.
In order to finish the project on time, the documentation must
be reviewed and signed off within one week of the delivery of
our deliverables.
III. THE ATARI BOY
In this section, we will describe the details of the developed
game called The Atari Boy. Our designers and programmers
have designed and built the game based on these
requirements.
A. Performance
As we have added a unique feature in the application that
reduces the platform dependency. This game is tested of
multiple platforms i.e. Dell tablet venue 7, HTC m9+ ,Q
mobile i9.
These devices had smoothly executed the game because the
game is compatible on several mobile platforms.
B. Hardware and Software Support
The game will run on multiple mobile devices.
The game will not require regular maintenance.
Once installed, the game and data system will not need to be
maintained at scheduled intervals. Except score management
and user management.
102 | FICT URC1-2016
C. SDK and IDEs
Mono developers
Adobe Photoshop cc
Adobe flash cc
Android SDK
Unity 5.0

D. Hardware and Software Support

1) Interfaces: There will be a start screen on lunch of the
game. An animated clip will explain the story of the game.
The main menu screen will be presented. The main menu will
have three buttons: Start, options and, Quit Game. All
buttons in the preceding and subsequent menus will have a
similar style, energetic, entertaining, but also easy to
understand and use.

2) Input Devices: The gaming software does not require any

additional Input hardware in order to operate. Existing
hardware such a touch screen will be the only hardware
required for input to the game.

IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed 8-bit on 32-bit game has been developed and is
working on different platforms. This application can be run
freely on any devise. The game is based on 2-d. In future, we
aim to add further stages and value addition to the game
which will be incorporated in installed versions via app
update.
REFERENCES
[1] How to be a Graphic Designer Without Losing Your Soul, Silja Bilz and
Adrian Shaughnessy
[2] The Little Know-It-All: Common Sense for Designers, Steven Heller and
Veronique Vienne, fifth edition
[3] Becoming a Graphic and Digital Designer: A Guide to Careers in Design

103 | FICT URC1-2016

 Clarion Call, A Mobile Game
Zarak khan, Waqas Ahmed, Anik malik, Faisal Khan
Department of Information Technology,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Xarak.baloch@outlook.com

Abstract The clarion call is developed in a latest gaming
engine unity 3D. The game is supported by any version of
android. The theme of this game is to focus on animals who are
becoming extinct as a result of deforestation and increase of the
industrial areas.
I. INTRODUCTION
The clarion call is an android 2d game. The meaning of
the title make its quite clear to decipher the objective behind
the game. Clarion call means to make a keen request for
action against any matter of serious concern. This game
depicts the order of animals who are inhabitants of natural
area. But after the industrialization their natural abode has
been endangered by deforestation and industrialization at
large.
As a matter of fact this calls for an earnest action towards
presentation of wildlife and natural environment. In this
culture of urban jungle mans has become materialistic and
greed and in this ferocious greed man has ransacked the
inhabitant of all other species of on this planet. But man has
forget that the life of mankind depends on the preservance of
wild life without which man cannot survive and this makes
the need for a clarion callClarion call has been developed in
the latest gaming engine unity 3d. It is compatible for all
versions off android and functions in every android device c#
scripting have been used for coding in mono developers.
Designing has been done in adobe Photoshop.
II. METHODOLOGY
First the characters are designed in adobe Photoshop second
for story video clip depiction is carried out in adobe primer
heard the menu of the game has three options.
1. New game
2. Load game
3. Options
Graphic settings
Audio settings
A. Hardware Interface
The product is will operate on dynamic mobile platforms. As
such, the game should be able to adjust to touch. The graphics
resolution will be 640x480 at most 256 colours at a resolution.
This will allow the game to be played on older versions of
android. The amount of graphical content will also be limited
to ensure that the total size of the game remains under the
80mb limit.
B. Constraints
The following constraints are specified.
Any version of android will be able to install and run the
game.
Minimum requirements of the game are
1GHz processor
1GB ram
C. Assumptions and Dependencies
We assume the following responsibilities from the client
during the game development process:
Provide testing methods and help in developing the test cases
with our test engineers.
Upon the completion of the development process, organize
meetings and workshops with the target user groups to test the
software.
In order to finish the project on time, the documentation must
be reviewed and signed off within one week of the delivery of
our deliverables.
III. THE CLARION CALL
In this section, we will present the game and describe the
highlights of the game. Our designers and programmers have
designed built the game based on these requirements.
A. Performance
As we have added a unique feature in the application that
reduces the platform dependency. This game is tested of
multiple platforms i.e. tablet Samsung tab 3, Samsung S3, Q
mobile i9, Samsung j5.
These devices had smoothly executed the game because the
game is compatible on several mobile platforms.
B. Hardware and Software Support
The game will run on multiple mobile devices. The game will
not require regular maintenance. Once installed, the game and
data system will not need to be maintained at scheduled
intervals. Except score management and user management.
C. SDK and IDEs
Mono developers
Adobe Photoshop cc
Adobe flash cc
Android SDK
Unity 5.0
D. User Interfaces

104 | FICT URC1-2016

There will be a start screen on lunch of the game. An
animated clip will explain the story of the game. The main
menu screen will be presented. The main menu will have
three buttons: Start, options and, Quit Game. All buttons in
the preceding and subsequent menus will have a similar style,
energetic, entertaining, but also easy to understand and use.
E. Input Devices
The gaming software does not require any additional Input
hardware in order to operate. Existing hardware such a touch
screen will be the only hardware required for input to the
game.

IV. CONCLUSION
We have developed and presented a mobile game called The
Clarion Call that caters players of all ages and is supportable
on all versions of android operating system. The motivation
behind the game is to entertain the players and spread a
moral lesson of care for the environment and for animals who
are sharing this planet with us.

REFERENCES
[1] How to be a Graphic Designer Without Losing Your Soul,
Silja Bilz and Adrian Shaughnessy
[2] The Little Know-It-All: Common Sense for Designers, Steven Heller and
Veronique Vienne, fifth edition
[3] Becoming a Graphic and Digital Designer: A Guide to Careers in Design
[4] www.digitaltutors.com/learningpath/45-How-to-Get-Started-with-Character-
Design
[5] www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/features/illustration/11-character-art-tips/
[6] www.youtube.com/watch?v-YSDNv7IJs5

105 | FICT URC1-2016

 Online Shopping Store
Norooz Ali Khan, Shoaib Ahmed, Manzoor,Abdul Rehman
Department of Information Technology,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Noroozackz@gmail.com
Abstract This Work (an online shopping system) that
permits a customer to submit online orders for items and/or
services from a store that serves both walk-in customers and
online customers. The online shopping system presents an online
display of an order cut off time and an associated delivery
window for items selected by the customer. In addition,
available service windows are presented to the customer as a
function of customer selected order and service types and
further, the order picking is assigned in accordance with a
picker's preference. When ordering goods, many shopping
systems provide a virtual shopping cart for holding items
selected for purchase. Successive items selected for purchase are
placed into the virtual shopping cart until a customer completes
their shopping trip. Virtual shopping carts may be examined at
any time, and their contents can be edited or deleted at the
option of the customer.
I. INTRODUCTION
This project is to describe the features of online shopping
Mart (a website). It will enable vendors to setup online shops,
customer to browse through the shop and purchase them
online without having to visit the shop physically. The
administration module will enable a system administrator to
approve and reject requests for new shops and maintain
various lists of shop category. Once the customer decides to
submit a purchase order, the customer may print the contents
of the virtual shopping basket in order to obtain a hard copy
record of the transaction.
Figure 1: System I/O diagram
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The Incremental software process model was used to
implement the entire project.
It is important for consumers to use caution when visiting
online shopping websites regularly. The convenience of
online shopping could pose a potential threat to those with
credit card payment. People spend far too much each month
online. Because of the easy accessibility and simple click of a
button to purchase goods, shopping addictions could be a
serious danger of online shopping. This habit can lead to
financial and domestic problems in the household.
Making purchases online means consumers will use virtual
shopping carts. Online shopping makes picking out items a
quick process. It makes picking out items so quick that
consumers have the tendency place more items in their cart
than they are capable of paying for. Consumers shopping
online exhibit an odd behavior of abandoning their shopping
carts instead of proceeding to checkout. This behavior would
be very unlikely to see in a physical store. While physical
shopping carts are used in actual stores with the intent of
purchasing the product in the cart immediately, retailers
cannot assume that their website patrons use their carts to
purchase a product immediately. Many online shoppers use
their shopping cart as a type of wish list. They frequently
utilize the Internet as a tool for 'window shopping' and
product comparison (Kim & Ammeter, 2008). Shoppers add
their items that they would like to buy and, instead of
proceeding to check out, abandoning his or her virtual
shopping cart to rethink the possible purchase.
III. METHODOLOGY
This system will work on client-server architecture. It will
require an internet server and which will be able to run PHP
application. The system should support some commonly used
browser such as IE etc.
The application is HTML and scripting language based. The
end-user part is fully portable and any system using any web
browser should be able to use the features of the system,
including any hardware platform that is available or will be
available in the future. An end-user is use this system on any
OS; either it is Windows or Linux. The system shall run on
PC, Laptops, and PDA etc. A commercial database is used for
maintaining the database and the application server takes care
106 | FICT URC1-2016
of the site. In case of a failure, a re-initialization of the
program will be done. Also the software design is being done
with modularity in mind so that maintainability can be done
efficiently. There is no performance requirement in this
system because the server request and response is depended
on the end user internet connection.

IV. CONCLUSION
Online shopping has become extremely popular over the last
decade. Utilized mostly by the Net- Generation, this service
is extremely convenient. Although online shopping can be
very convenient and beneficial there are also some potential
problems that can arise. Consumers have been seen to exhibit
different buying behaviors when shopping online than when
they are shopping in a physical store. This makes it
imperative that retailers study the behaviours of consumers
and make changes in order to remain profitable and
successful. Another potential problem that can arise from
online shopping is addiction. The convenience of online
shopping that can be seen as very beneficial, can also lead to
an unhealthy addictive pattern of behavior.

REFERENCES

[5] Duckett, J. (2011). HTML and CSS: design and build websites. John
Wiley & Sons.
[6] Delone, W. H., & Mclean, E. R. (2004). Measuring e-commerce success:
Applying the DeLone & McLean information systems success
model.International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 9(1), 31-47.
[7] Bell, D. R., & Lattin, J. M. (1998). Shopping behavior and consumer
preference for store price format: Why large basket shoppers prefer
EDLP.Marketing Science, 17(1), 66-88.
[8] Efron, B. (1992). Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife (pp.
569-593). Springer New York.
[9] Sessions on Web Developing [conference Proceedings.
[10] www.w3school.com

107 | FICT URC1-2016

 RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
Israr Taj, Aziz Khan, and Bilal Ahmed,Mr. Irfan magsi
Department of Information Technology,
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
bilalahmed.kak@gmail.com

Abstract In Pakistan, checking students' attendance is one

of the important issues for universities, because many
universities evaluate students attendance and while giving the
final grade, professors consider their total number of
appearances on classes during the whole semester. This brings
to the idea of having some tool to control students attendance.
Some universities prefer to use paper sheet for controlling
attendance, whereas some universities prefer to use paper sheet
for checking students' attendance and after this, fill out these Fig. 1 Magnetization as a function of applied field.
information into a system manually, like Our University does.
However, this is not an efficient way since there will be spent II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
much of time for calling students names and putting marks like
"presence" or "absence" if the class is a lecture class, and in In most universities, teachers take attendance by calling out
this class at least 5 groups are presented. Moreover, some the names and surnames of students, and then marking them,
students may call his/her friend as "presence" even though this while, in others, teachers pass around a sheet of paper, asking
student is currently absent. After thinking all these issues, students to sign in attendance sheet just next to their
authors of the following research paper decided to create a surnames. Both practices have their drawbacks. In the first
system that makes easier to check students attendance case, if numerous groups attend the lesson, checking all of
automatically, and this system is implemented in many these students by name and surname might take about 10
universities. The system is based on RFID technology, and in minutes out of each lesson; in the second case, friends of
this paper, details of this system are presented.
absent students may write down their names and surnames.
These practices place university teachers and their institutions
Keywords: RFID: Radio Frequency Identification; RFID-tag;
RFID- reader; attendance control system at considerable disadvantages when it comes to taking
attendance. [2]
I. INTRODUCTION
III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology
that uses radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag Our aim is to create a system with one server to which all
called an RFID tag or label, which is attached to an object PCs are connected, so all data will be saved in one data base,
through a reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking making the monitoring of the information effortless. All
the object. Some RFID tags can be read from several meters classes must have a PC with a connected RFID-reader that
away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. RFID systems can read student RFID-cards, scanning the other students
have been widely used in many different application areas, RFID-card to make it appear as if she/he had also attended.
such as: product tracking through manufacturing and
assembly , control of inventory, parking lot access and
control, container tracking, ID badges and access control,
equipment tracking in hospitals, etc. Compared to other
automatic identification technologies, such as optical barcode
systems, RFID-technology has several advantages. Tag data
can be read automatically beyond the line of sight and from a
range of several meters.

Fig. 2 Architecture of attendance-control system

IV. OPERATIONS

108 | FICT URC1-2016

RFID devices and software are supported by a sophisticated
software architecture that enables the collection and
distribution of location based information in near real time. A
complete picture of the RFID attendance system combines the
RFID Tags and readers with access to global standardized
database, ensuring real time access to up-to-date information
on the card. The card contains a unique identification
number called an electronic product code (EPC). The RFID
tag can be read from a distance and the embedded electronic
information for each card can be over written repeatedly. This
increases technologies like surveillance cameras to be
activated in conjunction with an employee being in their
vicinity. The RFID attendance system is faster, and does not
require line of sight. The RFID system has higher data
storage. In the RFID systems, the transponders are also easy
to conceal or incorporate in other items. For example in 2009,
researchers successfully glued RFID micro transponder to live
ants in order to study their behavior [1]. Furthermore,
multiple RFID cards can be read all at the same time.
Information about the employees access and attendance can
be stored on the database.
V. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the objective to build an RFID based
attendance system with a door unit was successfully achieved.
In terms of performance and efficiency, this project has
provided a convenient method of attendance marking
compared to the traditional method of attendance system. By
using databases, the data is more organized. This system is
also a user friendly system as data manipulation and retrieval
can be done via the interface, making it a universal
attendance system. Thus, it can be implemented in either an
academic institution or in organizations. [3]

REFERENCES
[2] http://ijcsi.org/papers/IJCSI-9-3-1-227-230.pdf
[3] http://ijcsi.org/papers/IJCSI-9-3-1-227-230.pdf/Motivation
[4] http://pakjas.com.pk/papers/3.pdf /Conclusion

109 | FICT URC1-2016

110 | FICT URC1-2016
 Solar Based Smart Irrigation System
Students: Shehzar Shahzad Sheikh, Abeera Javed, M.Abbas, Shakir ullah
Marwat
Department of Electrical Engineering Technology
Faculty of ICT, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
Shehzarshahzad@gmail.com
Abstract - A smart approach to minimize the men power in
field of agriculture using proportional integral and derivative
Controller along with SSRLS and Artificial Neural Networks. This
project includes 4 sensors; Air sensor, Wind speed, Temperature
sensor, Radiation sensor. It is an environmental friendly project
which helps the farmers in growing crops in distant areas which
are not in range of the farmer and he have to time and again to
check the appropriate conditions of the field, the distance issue is
resolved by using ZigBee, and parameters are measured with the
help of the sensors so farmer can water his crop from a distant
place and monitor his crop by the signal display on LCD which is
in the control room. These four sensors work together on the basis
of Artificial Neural Network algorithm and PID controller
programming using ZigBee and maintain the humidity level,
water level, moisture, temperature of the agricultural field.
Key Words: PID Controllers, Arduino, ANN model, solar, panel,
wind-speed, temperature, radiation sensors.
I. INTRODUCTION
As we know that water is the imperative element of human
life and for plants as well. So we have need to safe the water
and decrease the wastage of water in agriculture fields as it is
a common trend that farmer usually waste electricity and
water in fields. We should design a device or adopt such
methods by which we can decrease the wastage of water as
well as maintain the basic parameters required for growth of a
plant. Many proposed methods control the moisture level, or
water level only which only controls the supply of water in the
fields. But this system have four sensors which work
simultaneously to perpetuate the basic parameters of plant and
control the water level even if farmer is not in the field.
Moreover it also give signals to the farmer either it is overflow
condition or underflow condition.[1] [2] This paper is based
on Wireless Sensing Technology (WSN) which is low cost
and low energy consuming system it works on multi sensors at
a time, and sense the water level, moisture in the field and
inform the farmer either by a text message or by an alarming
unit. If the level of water is less or above than the predefined
value then it alarm the controller to on/off.
[3] This paper presents a modified form of PID controller
along with an integral function which efficiently and give
excellent regulation of soil moisture by supplying appropriate
amount of water to the agricultural field and meet all the
requirements of field moreover, it also controls the rapid
111
Supervisor name: Sara Ayub , Ishtiaq
changes in the environments like rainfall, under water and
make rapid on off actions in the controller.
[4] This paper present artificial neural network using Mat lab.
The input parameters like air, temperature, soil moisture,
radiations and humidity are modeled then the amount of water
required for irrigation is estimated and then associated results
are simulated.
Fig. 1: General configuration of Proposed Methodology of software and
hardware interference.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Fig. 1 illustrates the importance of the irrigation system by
advance controlling techniques which is real time need of
irrigation sector. This paper describes the controlling
techniques which has better output over the other controller
i.e. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Neutral Artificial
Network (ANN) and Proportional integration and Differential
(PID). This work shows is more efficient in respect to
disturbance handling (AWGN & Impulsive). Here SSRLS
Controlling Technique is used which is adaptively recovered a
chirped sinusoid embedded in additive white Gaussian noise,
using just a second order chirped sinusoid state space model.
SSRLS is a state space model based technique. Using
sinusoidal system model it adaptively tracks the amplitude and
phase of single frequency at which it is tuned.
The system discussed in fig. 1 is consist of hardware and
software interface. Hardware consist of Arduino system with
four required sensors i.e. ambient temperature, wind pressure,
solar radiation and soil moisture which help to take required
moisture level for the irrigation purpose. The Arduino
requires +12V DC source for that purpose the complete
system is solar powered with a battery backup. The output
values of all sensors are further transferred to adaptive filter It is modelled as
who filters noise disturbance (AWGN & impulsive). After this A sine wave with amplitude of 10%;
stage a performance comparative controlling techniques are Bias of 60% (constant);
used for measuring all the sensors to its required moisture A frequency of 0.2618 rad/h
level. The software interface is based on Graphic user C. Wind speed :
interface (GUI) which interact with hardware by a feedback A sine wave with amplitude of 1 Km/h;
generated by a performance comparative Controller. GUI is Bias of 3.5 Km/h (constant);
used for monitoring and display output signals and convert A frequency of 0.2618 rad/h.
them into required form for observation i.e. analog and digital D. Radiation: It is modeled as maximum possible radiation at
readings. In the system the software and hardware has two earths surface (Rmax).
way Communication by the wireless ZigBee module which
continuously observe and resets its values recording to the A sine wave with amplitude of
feedback signal. Bias of 112MJ/m;
A frequency of 0.2618 rad/h.
The Irrigation system further involves a Graphical User a) Evapotranspiration Model:
Interface (GUI). It provides the information about the Output Penman-Monteith equation is a combination equation that has
which is connected to the Microcontroller. The output unit generally been accepted as a scientifically sound formulation
contains four sensors i.e. Wind pressure, Soil Moisture, for estimation of reference evapotranspiration (Eto).This
Temperature & Radiation. GUI is two way communication equation is expressed as combined function of radiation,
b/w software & hardware the data from the field is provided to maximum and minimum temperature, vapor pressure, and
the TerraServer it then shows on the output screen. The user wind speed. After the Penman method is updated by FAO in
interface further presents a map view of a geographic area May 1990,the Penman Monteith equation is written as the
including the first irrigated area and the second irrigated area, following:
and includes a first graphical element corresponding to the
first irrigation system and a second graphical element Eto=
corresponding to the second irrigation system. The user
interface presents a first interactive control panel for III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
controlling the first irrigation system concurrently with the
map view when the user selects the first graphical element, This work shows more efficient results in controlling the four
and presents a second interactive control panel for controlling parameters used for the purpose of irrigation. This work
the second irrigation system. Concurrently with the map view compares all parameters and convey signal without noise.
when the user selects the second graphical element.
IV.CONCLUSION:

IV. METHODOLOGY The proposed work is based on Controlling Techniques and

their compare for the real time application of Irrigation sector
There are four factors (Temperature, air humidity, wind speed which emphasised its importance for the modern irrigation
and radiation) by which evapotranspiration is influenced. sector and efficient way to reduce; water wastage in irrigation,
A. Temperature: labour requirement, solar based controlling, automatically
This variable should be defined as a continuous signal controlled irrigation, and remote output display for proper
(normally as a sine wave which simulated the day and night monitoring.
temperature changes), but may show sharp changes in special This work is completed under the support of BUITEMS,
places like deserts Quetta
and so on therefore:
A sine wave with amplitude of 5 C;
A frequency of 0.2618 rad/h. This frequency is measured REFERENCES
according to a time period of 24 h: [1] Daniel Rodrguez, Juan Reca, Juan Martnez, Rafael, Lopez-Luque and
Miguel Urrestarazu
0.2168 rad/h = 2pi/T=2pi/24.
A constant bias(offset) of 30 C; [2]Pravina B. Chikankar,, Soumitra S. Das
This stimulus generates a wave which at its maximum can
[3] M. S. Goodchild, K. D. Khn, M. D. Jenkins, K. J. Burek & A. J. Dutton
reach 35C (midday) and at its minimum can reach +25C
(midnight). In this way, the temperature on any given day can [4] S.Muhammad Umair, R. Usman
be simulated by changing the bias that is attached to the
variable. This diversion is obtained by uniform number
generation.
B. Air humidity:

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