Reading Answer

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NO. Correct Explain:
c. start = begin = commence
b. SHOUT = yelln a very loud voice
c. TALK something OVER = discuss it
d. TIGHT = not loose, too restricting, hard to move
b. INJURE = to hurt
d. GASOLINE is fuel. Beverages are liquids you drink.
b. OPPORTUNITY = chance, occasion
a. PLEASED = happy, not angry, very satisfied
d. THUMB = one of the five fingers on the hand. One of the "digits" on your hand.
d. drapes = curtainshe cloth hangings over the windows
a. angry = upset = mad = furious = very unhappy
a. couch = sofa = davenport = a long piece of furniture that can seat 3 or 4 adults and it's long enough for people to sleep on it.
a. filthy = dirty = messy = not clean
d. dense = thick = heavy = not light
b. to pick out = choose = select
c. rapidly = quickly = fast = not slowly
d. final = last = ultimate
c. A fan has blades that rotate and circulate air, cooling the air of the room.
d. ALWAYS (100% of the time) is the opposite of "NEVER" (0 % of the time).
d. cash = money
a. modals HAVE TO = MUST requirement mandatory
b. difficult = hard = not easy So the opposite of "difficult" is "easy."
a. unusual = strange = odd = not common
a. modals ought to = should (advice, recommendation)
a. mad = angry = very upset = very unhappy
a. cancel = call off ((postpone = put off))
d. blurry = not clear = not focused = not sharp
a. runway = landing strip for airplanes
b. link = connection = one thing is joined to another thing
a. RAG = an old piece of worn, torn, or faded cloth used for utility or clean-up work
a. runway = a landing strip for aircraft
d. SHARE = part = portion
b. to start = to begin = to commence
a. fast = quick = rapid
b. usual = common = regular = ordinary
a. Injured = hurt = wound = cause pain to
b. A FLAW is a mistake, error, something wrong.
a. The SKULL is the round protective BONE area covering and protecting your BRAIN.
a. STARVING means very hungry, to the point of weakness and collapse.
d. to account for = explain = give reasons for why something is the way it is
a. LAME means walking with difficulty because of problems with a leg, a foot, an ankle, the toes.
d. The bow is the front end of a ship. Rear and aft refer to the back part of a ship. The galley is the kitchen of a ship.
d. risky = dangerous = hazardous = unsafe
a. ample = quite sufficient = a lot = enough = abundant
a. sour = bad = not good = gone bad (for milk) SOUR (for lemon or lime) means TART, TANGY, "attacks" the tongue
a. DROWN = to die by suffocation in liquid
b. CROP = something grown for harvesting
c. STARE = to look at something or someone for a long period of time
POWDER = fine dust It can be legal medicine (headache powders, foot powder, talcum powder, baby powder)akeup (face powder) or
a.
DRUGS (cocaine, heroin)
d. FLEE = run away from = escape from FLEE FLED FLED
a. STEEP = greatly inclinedar from level
a. DEAF = cannot hear
c. WAGES = salary = the money you earn from working
d. BROOM = a device used when you SWEEP an area
b. SLACKS = TROUSERS, good pants
c. two-word verb TO CATCH ON = to learn, to understand, to comprehend
c. RAW = uncooked, not cooked at all rare = cooked a little bit
c. TO RUN INTO = MEET BY CHANCE
a. RARELY = SELDOM, not very often, only once in a blue moon
d. RADIUS = half of the diameter
d. THINK OVER = consider, think about it seriously, don't refuse it yet
d. COARSE = rough, not smooth, very grainy to the touch
c. TIN = a light METAL
a. SCENERY = scenes of natural, especially the mountains and trees, hills and vast skies, rocks, all the colors grouped like a picture.
d. MUSTARD = a yellow "sauce" that we sometimes put on our hamburgers and hot dogs
a. YET = but, however, still, on the other hand
b. REJECT = REFUSE, turn down, say "no" to
b. FOND OF = love something like it a lot
c. A WRENCH is a tool for tightening and loosening.
c. Water boils at 212 degrees F (100 degrees C.).
c. DEFEAT = BEAT. The Green Team WON the game. They DEFEATED the other team.
b. CAUTION = WARN, verbal admonition
b. SUMMIT = peak, highest point, the top point, apex
c. CROWD = large group of people,
a. PROMPTLY = right away, immediately, no delay, as soon as possible
a. promptly = right away = quickly = as soon as possible = without delay
a. abroad = in a foreign country, especially after crossing a large body of water
d. grip = to hold tightly
a. count on = rely on = depend on
b. go over = review = look at again = study
d. to investigate = to look into = to search for evidence
d. discard = throw away = throw out = toss out = toss away = to get rid of
b. to mention = to bring a subject up = to introduce a topic in the discussion
d. carry out = to accomplish = to do = to completely conclude something
a. A frog hops. Snakes crawl. Sharks swim. Hummingbirds fly and hover.
c. A rooster is a male chicken, an animal, not a tool.
d. depressed = sad = unhappy
c. QUITE = very = extremely = a lot
a. Lonely = alone = not with other people
d. over = above
b. rarely = seldom = almost never = hardly ever
d. to make up a story is to CREATE it.
b. wallet = billfold A small thing we carry our paper money (dollar bills) in
d. elderly = old = aged
b. mild = moderate = not extreme = in the middle of a range
a. filthy = dirty = messy = not orderly = not clean
d. rotten = spoiled = not good = probably cannot be eaten
b. The ribs are located in the upper torso, in the chest and sides area.
a. persuade = convince = to get someone to change his or her mind about something
b. phrasal verb exist on = live on = subsist on = survive on Can a prisoner EXIST ON nothing but bread and water for six months?
flammable = it WILL burn NONflammable = it will NOT burn Do not be tricked: inflammable is NOT a negative; it means "it will go up IN
c.
flames. FLAMMABLE and INFLAMMABLE mean the SAME THING!
a. salary = wages = money earned for doing work
a. punch = make a hole in Punch can also mean to hit with the fist.
b. SLAM = to hit with a lot of force. The car SLAMMED into the wall at 90 miles per hour.
d. fully = completely = thoroughly = 100%
b. mess up = ruin = make a mistake = fouled up
a. lease = rent You sign a contract and rent something big and important like a house, an apartment, an airplane, a car
a. bare = naked = not covered with clothing = exposed
c. vague = not clear = difficult to understand
c. vague = not clear = unclear = not precise = hard to understand
b. link = connecting = something that joins two things
b. PEAR = a fruit, similar to an apple (usually sweet and yellow)
c. to forgive = to pardon
b. combine = mix = put together
c. not rich = poor = not wealthy = not much money
a. to scare = frighten = terrify = make afraid
b. molars = the back teeth
a. impolite = NOT polite = rude = not kind = not nice to other people
b. blizzard = a lot of snow driven by strong winds
b. An AISLE is a long narrow space between chairs, usually in a theater, in a church, in an auditorium
a. TRIM is CUT. (The barber TRIMMED my hair.)
a. BUNDLE = package, stack (usually tied neatly with a rope or string)
b. TRAITS = distinguishing characteristics
c. ERRATIC = not consistent, changing wildly and quickly
b. The SHIN is part of the leg, the front part between the knee and the foot. Do not confuse it with CHIN, which is part of your face.
a. surge = a sudden, strong increase
d. The CORE is the center of something. The core of the earth is very hot.
a. The KNUCKLES are joints in your fingers. Have you ever been socked in the jaw by someone who was wearing BRASS KNUCKLES?
c. LOOT is something valuable--money, treasure, jewels, gold, etc.
d. SPINTERS are very small pieces of wood, created when you are whittling, sawing, chopping
c. STINGY = miserly = not generous = doesn't want to help others
a. ANNOY = bother = irritate = vex = make unhappy
b. GRIPE = complain = say negative things = kvetch
c. PROHIBIT = forbid, not allow, refuse to give permission to do something
INFLAMMABLE = will burn. IN- is not a negative prefix here. It means the liquid is capable of going up IN FLAMES. The negative is
d.
NONFLAMMABLE.
a. TO SPOT = to see, to detect, to discern at a distance
d. FIB = to tell a lie, not tell the truth, a "little lie," not a serious untruth
a. DENT = slight damage, especially to metal, when it is hit by something
c. SEND FOR = to order something through the mail system
b. AMOUNT TO =COME TO numerical totals
d. HOVER = to stay in the air in one stationary place (for a while)
d. DROP OFF = to fall asleep (while sitting up in a chair)
c. TRANSFER OWNSERSHIP = turn over, pass the legal ownership to, pass the responsibility to someone else
b. QUARREL = argue, verbal fighting, disagreeing loudly
a. TAKE ON = accept, agree to perform extra work
c. RIPE = mature, ready to be picked and eaten STRAWBERRY = a red berry
c. TUMBLE = to fall, sometimes rolling head over heels
a. THINK UP = create, invent, make up
b. STORE = put away, put in storage, put out-of-sight, maybe in the closet or in a trunk
c. TRACE = a very small amount of something
b. CORPSE = dead person, body (dead body)
a. ABRUPT =very quick, fast, unexpected, discomforting
a. WRECK = destroy, ruin completely, can't be used any more
a. CRUMBLE = to fall into little pieces
b. BEYOND = past, on the far side of
d. TASK = job, chore, duty, assignment
c. STRESS = emphasize, highlight
d. TERRIBLY = AWFULLY, extremely, quite, very (The key word here is "good," not "terrible.")
c. TIED = to be even, to be the same. The score was TIED at 2-2. His home run in the eleventh inning finally broke the 3-3 tie.
d. FLUNK = failot pass
b. GOGGLES = protective eye coverings, used when swimming, working with certain machinery, part of a safety uniform in dangerous jobs
c.
trunk or torso of the body.
a. The eight "arms" of the octopus are called TENTACLES.
a. DETER = to try to prevent something from happening
a. two-word verb to deal with = handle = treat = study or discuss
c. A gauge is a tool or measuring device, usually made out of metal. You can't eat it.
b. DROUGHT = a long period with no rain, when things start to dry up. Crops and animals are going to die because of no water.
b. CLAWS = the talons = like human fingernails for scratching and clawing A lion has claws.
to be up on = to have knowledge about something, to be well-informed about it. I'm not up on all the new rap singers my friends watch on
a.
MTV.
c. astonishing = surprising = unexpected = unbelievable
c. rattle = noise = sound
a. dazzling = brilliant = impressive = extremely good = great
b. choke = strangle = stop the passage of air at the throat
d. gripe = complain = make negative comments
c. beacon = signal light, especially for aircraft and ships
b. blizzard = heavy snow and powerful wind
b. crook = dishonest person = not "straight" = someone who is "crooked"
a. midget = short = small in stature = not tall
b. starving = famished = very hungry = about to die from lack of food
square root = a number which can be multiplied by itself to give another number 7 x 7 = 49, so the SQUARE ROOT of 49 is 7. The
c.
square root of 81 is 9
b. drought = period of no rain = everything dries up = crops and animals start dying from the lack of rain
discrepancy = inconsistency = something wrong = a disagreement of data = something that doesn't JIBE with other information = something
b.
that is wrong
c. boost = raise = increase A booster rocket a booster shot I can't reach the highest shelf. Give me a BOOST.
a. do over = redecorate = improve the appearance of = make something look new again
leak = seep = the very slow, gradual transfer of a liquid from one place to another. The other three answers in this question all have the idea of
a.
rapid movement of a lot of water.
b. nozzle = the end of a pipe or a hose that allows you to control the flow of water.
b. count on = depend on = rely on The adjective forms would be DEPENDABLE and RELIABLE.
b. tease = to torment = to bother = to irritate = to play with in a mean way
a. LANDLORD or LANDLADY = the person who owns property and charges people rent.
a. A DOUBT = an uncertainty = not knowing something
d. SKETCH = a quick drawing = a picture that one draws quickly
c. INTEGRITY = honesty = sincerity = inner truth = basic morality
b. SHOVE = push
d. CROOKED = not straight = slang for dishonest
b. to ban = to prohibit = to NOT allow = to NOT permit
d. A bar is usually rectangularonger than it is wide.
b. exhausted = tired = weary = no energy = fatigued
b. hatchet = a small ax used for chopping
a. A TRENCH is a long narrow ditch
a. CLOUT = power, influence
b. rust = the reddish-brown (almost orange) oxidation that can form on metal when it's exposed to moisture.
d. to shatter is to break something, especially glass
a. DRENCHED means very very wetaturated.
c. HOIST is to raise something up in the air. You HOIST a flag. A crane can HOIST cargo.
b. DUCT = a tube, channel, or pipe for the passage of liquids or air. What did the ancient Romans use an AQUEDUCT for?
d. FURNACE = a large device designed to heat a building.
b. FADE = losing the color, colors are not bright like they used to be
d. TRUSTWORTHY = deserves to be trusted, dependable, reliable, you can TRUST him.
d. CRUMBS = small loose pieces of dry food like bread, cookies, pizza crust, crackers
b. The knee is the joint in the middle of the leg, just as the ELBOW is the joint in the middle of the arm.
b. EAVESDROP = secretly listening in on someone else's supposedly-private conversation
c. PICK UP = learn randomly, acquire, gain by being exposed to
b. REAR = raise a child, bring a child up, help a child develop
b. REAL ESTATE = land and property, buildings
d. REPRIMAND = call down, scold, chew out, say very negative things to
d. THEREFORE = THUS, so, as a result, because of this, consequently
c. DEFY = oppose, refuse to obey, go against the orders of
b. TAKE IN = understand, absorb in the brain, comprehend
a. RUN FOR = to try to win a political office or position
d. PERPLEXED = confused, not understanding, baffled, needing an explanation
b. DREAD = mixture of fear and hatred, strong reluctance based on fear
a. ACNE = pimple, a skin condition, zits
c. HILARIOUS = funny, amusing, makes you laugh out loud
b. FOR GOOD = forever, for always
b. MAIMED = seriously wounded, perhaps the loss of an arm or leg, perhaps with severe disfigurement (damage to the face)
SPRING CHICKEN = young (as young as a chicken born during the most recent spring) Always in the negative. NO spring chicken = NOT
b.
young
TIGHTWAD = stingy, miserly, doesn't want to spend his money. (Wants to keep all of his paper money rolled in a tight wad, without ever
b.
having to spend any of it.)
d. bewildering = confusing = not easy to understand
b. shin = part of the leg Do not confuse it with CHIN, the lower part of the face.
c. clout = power = influence
d. eggplant = a vegetable that is purple when ripe Sometimes a fabric might be described as egglant (meaning purple).
a. A kiwi is a small bird (from New Zealand) that cannot fly; it can run very fast.
a. sob = to cry loudly = to make noises while crying
b. slaughter = to kill savagely, with a lot of violence and blood and cruelty
c. loot = treasure = gold and money = jewels = valuable items you can steal and carry away
b. phrasal verb think through = carefully consider everything in advance
c. snafu = typical problem = acronym for "Situation Normal : All Fouled Up." S-N-A-F-U.
b. apex = peak = highest point = summit
b. stymied = impeded = thwarted = blocked = obstructed = not making any progress = unhappy because of no success
barrister = British lawyer. Pass the bar = pass the qualifying test after law school, permitting you to practice law in a certain state. The "BAR"
a.
is the railing in front of a judge's desk. You can hear the line "May I approach the bar?" in movies w
d. COUNTERFEIT = fake = not genuine = bogus = phoney = not real
b. STUMPED = unable to answer = unable to progress
b. A collie is a specific breed of dog.
a. A wallet is a billfold, especially a man's wallet. (The paper money--the bills--are folded in half when it is closed).
c. to pester = to bother = to irritate
c. FLUNK = to fail = not to pass
pecking order = in the barnyard, the bigger powerful birds "peck" on the smaller weaker ones. In a large organization, some people have
d.
more power than others. It's like a chain-of-command in which everyone knows his or her place.
c. uncanny = very strange =weird = impossibly strange
d. BEEF UP = to make something stronger. (adding more meat to a weak, watery soup or stew)
d. keep on = to continue Keep on answering these questions.
d. PUT OFF = postpone = delay= do it later, not now. Are they going to put off the next ECL until next month?
d. CALL OFF = cancel not to be rescheduled
a. LOOK LIKE = to resemble
a. HOLD ON = wait a little bit = (idiom) hold the phoneold your horses
c. WAKE UP = stop sleeping GET UP = leave the bed You usually wake up first. Then, you get up.
b. WAIT ON = to serve the customer in a restaurant or store. The store was so crowded that we couldn't find a clerk to wait on us.
c. PICK OUT = select = choose
b. TAKE OFF = remove an item of clothing. Take off your hat when you enter a building.
d. TURN IN = to hand in = to submit = to give something to someone after completing it
c. PUT OUT = extinguish a fire or a light
d. TO GET IN = arrive = reach the destination
a. LOOK FOR = search for = try to find = seek
LOOK DOWN ON = to think one is better than other people, to treat other people as inferiors, to think one is HIGHER in standing than other
c.
people
a. TALK OVER = discuss, converse with someone We talked over all the old times we had in high school.
d. LOOK UP = search for in a book, try to find in a book
d. GET ALONG WITH = to be friendly, maintain a good relationship, not fight, act in a friendly way, to be friends
a. PUT ON clothing = to wear clothing = to don an item of clothing
c. THROW AWAY = discard = throw out = put in the garbage = get rid of
b. PUT OFF = postpone = delay = do it later
d. PICK OUT = select = choose
d. PUT OUT = extinguish = to stop a fire = to stop the light
c. GIVE UP = to quit = to stop trying = to surrender
b. SIT DOWN = stop standing
a. TAKE BACK = return something
d. LOOK OUT = watch out = be careful = pay attention = be careful
a. TURN DOWN = lower the volume of something
d. TURN UP = increase volume = make it louder
b. LOOK FORWARD TO = to anticipate = to be eager about doing something
c. PUT UP WITH = tolerate = let something happen
b. Look over = review = study = examine = look at
d. THINK UP = to invent = create = make up
b. DROP IN = to visit casually, not at any specific time
d. FILL OUT = write information in all the blocks = complete all of the form
GIVE UP = surrender = stop fighting = stop trying to do something you want to do. He didn't know the answer, so he gave up after two
d.
minutes.
c. TAKE OUT = remove Take your I.D. card out of your wallet.
a. LOOK AFTER = watch = guard = protect = keep an eye on
c. FILL up = replenish = put something in an empty space
d. GET THROUGH WITH = finish = conclude = end doing something
a. TAKE CARE OF = to watch = protect = guard = keep an eye on
d. POINT OUT = call attention to = tell people about = show = demonstrate
b. RUN ACROSS = to find something unexpectedly, especially when looking for something else.
d. CROSS OFF = to remove, to eliminate, to omit, to draw a line through so as to cancel
a. PUT AWAY = put something in storage, put something in a different place for later use.
c. LOOK INTO = investigate, ask questions about, CHECK INTO
b. DROP OUT OF = stop attending a school or organization
b. TO BE OVER = to be in charge of, to be the boss of, to supervise or command
d. TO THINK OF SOMETHING = to have an opinion. You just saw that new movie, didn't you? What did you think of it?
b. GET ON = board a large vehicle like a bus, train, planeo enter a large transportation vehicle
b. LOOK OUT FOR = be careful, watch out, pay attention, be alert
a. KEEP ON = continue wearing an item of clothing. Keep your hat on. We're going right back outside.
a. TAKE SIDES = be partisan = show favoritism for one side over the other = not being neutral
a. BRING BACK = to make you remember something from the past. It brings a memory back to your brain.
c. COUNT ON = depend on = rely on
c. GO THROUGH = to search inside things, looking for something
d. GO OVER = review = look at = review quickly
a. HOLD UP = raise something Hold up your books so I can see them.
c. TRY ON = to put clothing on to check the fit
d. GET ON = to board a vehicle, like a plane, bus, ship, train
a. CHECK OUT = to borrow the book from the library. RETURN the book = check in the book.
c. GO AWAY = leave me alone = stop bothering me = get lost
d. CALL UP = make a telephone call
c. HANG UP = to stop a phone conversation
c. RUN OUT OF = to use up your supply of something
b. LOOK AFTER = take care of = watch = keep an eye on = be responsible for
CHECK OUT = leave a place = sign out = pay any final bills and leave. You can check out of the hotel or from the military unit you are
b.
assigned to.
d. TO BE UP FOR = to be a candidate for advancement She is up for soldier of the quarter, and she'll probably get it.
TAKE OVER = assume control of something. Mr. Smith is retiring next month, and I think Mrs. Jones will take over as chief of that
d.
department.
b. STAND BY = help = support = aid = assist = give you support
b. KEEP UP ON = remain informed about = stay current by following the news
a. TAKE ON = to accept the responsibility for more work or for more duties
b. WIND UP = conclude = end = finish
a. TO BE BEHIND IN = to be late in doing something
a. WAIT FOR = not leave until someone arrives = expect someone to arrive
a. TALK BACK TO = answer without politeness = sass = say things to rudely
PICK UP = to learn things at random, not by studying He's picked up this very bad habit of correcting me every time I try to tell him
d.
something.
a. SEND FOR = to order something through the mail
a. BE IN ON = participate = be a part of = share in the activity
d. LOOK IN ON = briefly stop to visit someone when you are going somewhere else
d. RUN INTO = meet accidentally, meet by chance, encounter someone unexpectedly. COME ACROSS thingsUN INTO people
c. DO OVER = redecorate an old room or house. The house was cheap, but doing it over cost us a lot.
COME TO = to regain consciousness after being unconsciousness. First, you PASS OUT or FAINT. When you then "wake up," we say that
b.
you "come to."
a. CHECK SOMETHING OFF = to mark items on a list to show that you have taken care of them.
d. CHIP IN = to contribute money to buy something as a group
d. PUT ASIDE = move something to the side and not work with it for a while
c. TRY OUT = to test something to see if you like it. You would TRY OUT a car, a gun, a boat.
d. LIVE ON = to survive on. You live on food. You live on a certain amount of money per month.
b. CHECK IN = to register = to sign in You check in at the airline counter at the airportt a hotelt a new military base
c. HOLD UP = to rob When you point a gun at someone, he usually HOLDS his hands UP in the air.
d. CALL ON = to ask someone to talk = to say someone's name in order for that person to speak
d. DROP OFF = to decrease in number = to lessen = to become smaller in number+
a. ACCOUNT FOR = to explain why something is the way it is
b. BRING UP = raise = help something to grow (This one is in the passive voice.)
b. LOOK OUT FOR = be careful about = pay attention
b. INSIST ON = demand = require
b. PUT UP WITH = tolerate = allow to happen
c. GET ALONG = be friendly with each other = maintain a good relationship
a. PUT ASIDE = to save a little money periodically in order to make a large purchase later.
c. STAY UP = not go to bed
a.
c. TO BE UNDER = to be the subordinate = to be lower = to be underneath in the chain-of-command
d. TAKE UP = begin to consider = start doing something He's going to take up tennis next summer.
b. STICK OUT = protrude = reach beyond the surface
a. LOOK UP a person = try to find and visit him = get in touch with = locate
d. KEEP UP WITH = maintain the same speed as someone or something else.
a. TO BE UP = to happen. What's up? = What's going on?
b. COME TO = add up to = total
d. STICK TO = adhere to = obey = follow
c. TO BE OUT something = to have lost it = to spend money with nothing to show for it.
c. THINK something OVER = consider it carefully, think about all the possible advantages and disadvantages
d. WAIT OVER = to spend time waiting for a connecting plane, train, or ship.
d. DROP OFF = fall asleep while sitting up. The movie was so boring that I dropped off during the first hour.
a. CALL ON = to visit formally = to announce ahead of time that you want to visit and to arrive on time, perhaps dressed up and bringing gifts
GET BEHIND IN = stop ddoing something you are reguarly supposed to do I'm supposed to translate ten pages of this book everyday, but
a.
I've gotten behind because I was sick.
c. CHECK OUT = to look at something = to inspect = to see how something is
a. GO OFF = to explode = to activate = to ring Things that can go off are bombs, grenades, alarms signals, bells, alarm clocks, timers
a. BOOT OUT = kick out = fire =dismiss = force out
a. TAKE AFTER = to act like = to do what someone else has done = to imitate
a. APPROVE OF = have a favorable opinion of = think something is OK
c. ADHERE TO = follow = stick to = obey
a. LAUGH AT = make fun of = ridicule = deride
d. Present tense. Plural subject. THEY ARE
a. The time word "tomorrow" needs FUTURE TENSE.
c. Present tense. Plural subject. DOGS LIKE
c. Time words "right now" require PRESENT PERFECT. WE ARE DOING something.
b. Time words "last week" require PAST TENSE. IRREGULAR VERB "to buy" I BOUGHT
d. Third person singular present tense. HE WORKS there at this time.
a. A general truth about science, nature, or geography is stated in the PRESENT TENSE. Third person singular of the "be" verb. PARIS IS
We can use the present tense to indicate FUTURE, especially with transportation. Third person singular. Phrasal verb "take off" means to
b.
leave or depart. The plane TAKES OFF
c. "Last night" requires the PAST TENSE. Irregular verb "to sing" WE SANG
a. "Right now" with weather and time takes simple PRESENT TENSE. IT IS
d. "Now" needs the PRESENT TENSE here. First person singular. I WANT
a. Current state or condition. PRESENT TENSE. Third person singular. MY LEG (IT) HURTS
c. "Last night" requires the past tense. Irregular verb "do" I DID something
c. After a MODAL, you use the SIMPLE FORM of the verb. I WILL DO something tomorrow.
a. "Right now" requires the PRESENT TENSE when we discuss a condition or state of something. Irregular verb "be" WE ARE
d. Third person plural PRESENT TENSE MY FRIENDS (THEY) LIVE
b. You are talking about something in the present. Third person singular. THAT CAR (IT) LOOKS
a. General statement about nature. PRESENT TENSE. PLURAL SUBJECT. HORSES (THEY) EAT
c. "Last night" requires PAST TENSE. Irregular verb "see" I SAW something
d. Plural subject. Present tense. THESE BOOKS (THEY) ARE\
d. "Later tonight" requires FUTURE TENSE. I WILL DO something
d. Remember: put the SIMPLE FORM of the verb after a modal.
d. Past tense irregular verb MEET MET MET
d. irregular verb past tense BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT
c. Regular verb past tense HE COOKED
b. "Right now" requires PRESENT PERFECT. Subject "I" requires AM. I AM DOING something
a. "IF" clause. FUTURE. Simple present in the "IF" clauseUTURE in the main clause.
b. We can express the FUTURE TENSE with the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. Something IS HAPPENING tomorrow.
d. Here, the "already" requires PRESENT PERFECT. I HAVE DONE something already.
b. Tag question. Affirmative in the main clause requires negative in the tag.
c. "Police" = PLURAL THEY ARE THE POLICE ARE
"IF" clause. Present unreal. I do not have the money, but IF I HAD IT A modal like "would" requires SIMPLE FORM after it. I WOULD
d.
BUY something.
c. "Right now" requires PRESENT PROGRESSIVE. The baby IS DOING something.
a. Make the verb agree with the simple subject "price," not with the object of the preposition "cars." THE PRICE IS INCREASING.
Sometimes a compound subject is treated as a SINGULAR subject. BREAD AND WATER HAM AND EGGS Notice "my favorite
a.
meal" is singular. My favorite meal is rice and beans. Rice and beans is my favorite meal. Chicken and rice is wha
b. "HAVE TO" = "MUST." Modals
d. Although ending in "s," the word "mumps" is treated as a singular, especially when called "a disease."
c. Two simultaneous actions in the past. They are occurring at the same time. PAST PROGRESSIVE for both.
a. "News" = singular, although it ends with an "s." Make the verb agree with "news," not with "storms." THE NEWS IS
b. "Next week" requires FUTURE. I WILL GO
c. Advice. "Should" is a common modal when giving advice. If these questions are too easy, you SHOULD GO to a higher level.
Sometimes we can use PAST PROGRESSIVE to indicate a continuous action in the past that was changed or altered in some way by a
c.
subsequent action in the simple past.
d. "Went" shows that it is PAST TENSE. I WAS
d. Two simple actions in the past, one after the other. Both are in the SIMPLE PAST.
c.
sisters. "Joe doesn't have any siblings."
b. IMPERATIVE. A request. "You" is omitted from the main clause.
d. FUTURE. He hasn't done it yet. HE WILL DO it.
PAST PERFECT. Two actions are in the past, one clearly BEFORE the other. The earlier action can be in the PAST PERFECT; the
a.
subsequent action can be in the simple past. Put the ADVERB "not" after the first helping verb. I HAD NOT DONE something bef
b. To have done something in the past but not now, we can use the modal "used to."
c. Two actions in the past. One was a PAST PROGRESSIVE, interrupted by the next one in the SIMPLE PAST.
d. passive voice structure. His mother bore (carried) him inside her body. He was born (by his mother). Therefore, he WAS BORN.
b. AT THIS MOMENT requires present progressive. You ARE DOING something.
c. Two simultaneous actions in the past, both progressive (continuous).
c. "Last night" requires PAST TENSE. HE DID something. Irregular verb "do"
c. "Next week" requires FUTURE TENSE. HE WILL GRADUATE
"Would study" means this structure is the PRESENT UNREAL among the "IF" clauses. SUBJUNCTIVE!!! Use "were" even when the subject
b.
is
TheI, HE, SHE,
subject is IT IF I WERE
"brother." YOU
Don't be I ambynot
confused theyou, so thisofis"sons."
presence the PRESENT UNREAL.
That phrase is set off with commas and can be omitted. MY
d.
BROTHER IS
a.
clause should be simple past. HE GOT (passive) HE GOT ARRESTED. HE GOT PROMOTED. HE GOT ROBBED.
c.
WERE.
d. "Sheep" can be singular or plural, but the word "those" makes this usage PLURAL. THEY ARE
a. "Ought to" is a modal that means "SHOULD." Adviceecommendation.
d. "IF" clause. PAST UNREAL because of "yesterday."
d. This is a reduced clause. The man (who is) sitting by the door
b. FUTURE PERFECT. I have not graduated yet. But by the time I do graduate, something else WILL HAVE already HAPPENED.
TAG question. Affirmative "can" in the main clause takes negative "can't" in the tag. If you have a modal or helping verb, repeat that modal or
c.
helping verb in the tag.
c. PASSIVE VOICE. The word "by" usually indicates a passive structure. Active voice: Mr. Williams wrote this exercise."
a. Two actions in the past. The first action (in time) can be PAST PERFECT. The subsequent action can be simple past.
b. PRESENT UNREAL "IF" CLAUSE.
TAG question. YOU HAVE done something HAVEN'T YOU? If you have a helping word in the main clause, repeat the helping word in the
a.
tag.
c. Two actions happening simultaneously. Both can be in the PAST PROGRESSIVE.
a.
The alarm clock DID NOT GO OFF.
b. "IF" clause. PRESENT UNREAL. IF I WERE
b. The first action (rain) can be in the PAST PERFECT. IT HAD ALREADY BEGUN before something else happened.
a.
subject is "A SERIES." A SERIES WAS
d. REPORTED SPEECH. Main verb "promised" is in the past, so the subsequent verb "will" must shift to past "would."
First action can be PAST PROGRESSIVE. One thing WAS HAPPENING when another action HAPPENED (simple past) to change or alter
d.
things.
a. FUTURE "IF" CLAUSE. The word "next" indicates this. Something WILL happen
a.
homework.
d. Third person singular THE COLOR (IT) symbolizes PRESENT TENSE
c. POLICE ARE It's plural. If you want singular, say POLICEMAN, POLICEWOMAN, POLICE OFFICER
a. The verb "ENJOY" requires gerund ( "-ing" form after it.
Future perfect tense One thing WILL HAVE HAPPENED by the time something else HAPPENS. By the time Col Smith retires, he WILL
d.
HAVE SERVED in the military for 25 years.
Here "ought not" in the main clause cannot become "ought we" in the tag. You must substitute the closest MODAL equivalent ("should").
b.
However, if we had "ought" in the main clause, we could put "oughtn't" in the tag. We ought to go now, oughtn't we?
c. irregular verb SWING SWUNG SWUNG
b. "Nary" is a negative word. Put affirmative in the tag.
c. In a "neitheror" structure, if the two elements are singular and plural, make the verb agree with the unit closer to it. The workers ARE
a. I am, aren't I? This is a strange structure, but that's the way it is. You could also say "I am, am I not?"
c. IF clause. Past unreal. If he had had something
a. This is a fixed structure. If need be. IF the NEED should BE for something, and we reduce it to IF NEED BE.
d.
tag has to be negative.
b.
be "praise."
c. "Furniture" is a mass noun. Mass nouns take singular verbs.
a. Future perfect tense
A reduced "IF" clause. If it had not been for the barking dogs We drop the "If" and reverse the subject and first auxiliary verb. HAD IT NOT
c.
BEEN FOR something
a.
species is
d. This is a fixed expression: to commit suicide
c. You MAKE a phone call. Answer four is not possible (even though you can GET a phone call), because "gets" would re
a. future tense passive voice
c.
something
c. You have a person DO something (simple form).
d. A past continuous action interrupted by a simple past tense verb. One thing was happening when something else happened.
a. You MAKE someone DO something. (simple form)
a. Let's DO something. (simple form) This one is negative. Let's NOT DO something.
a. You GET somebody TO DO something. (infinitive)
c. "The subject" is the simple subject of this sentence. IT IS
b.
gerund. IT BEGAN TO SNOW or IT BEGAN SNOWING.
d. Here "used to" is followed by simple form.
a. Reduced "if" clause. If I had been you Had I been you
c. Irregular verb. FALL. Present perfect tense. She has fallen down
b. The phrase "in no way" makes the main clause negative, so the tag must be affirmative.
This is a mixed structure "IF" clause. The time words "last night" and "right now" control it, so that I "would not be" a certain way right now if
a.
something HAD NOT HAPPENED last night.
a. To "go off" means to sound, explode, ring
d. This is a PAST REAL. It is possible he was at the meeting. This is not an UNREAL situation.
a. A reduced "IF" clause. If I were to become Were I to become
b. "A series" is singular. There was a series There were several series
a. "a number" = plural A number of cars ARE parked illegally near that fire hydrant.
b. "the number" = singular The number of students from Puerto Rico IS increasing.
You see and hear people "do" or "doing" something, but in this case we can't put the verb "shoot" in the "-ing" form because it was not a
c.
continuous act; it was instantaneous.
c. Past tense passive voice They served us quickly (active) = We were served quickly (passive).
ONE SPECIES = singular subject We need a singular verb. One species becomes extinct. Three species (plural) BECOME extinct
d.
every
We putmonth.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE in the dependent clause. Future perfect (or future perfect prograssive) can go in the main clause. By the
a.
time she finally moves to a bigger house, she will have been living in this one for 40 years.
c. Cities take the preposition "in." I went to school IN PARIS.
d. When you have an exact time for something, you use "AT." The movie ended AT *:45.
c. If you have the NUMBER and the street name, it takes AT.
a. The year by itself takes IN.
d. Passive voice. The action is done BY someone.
c. ON a farm. On base. On a reservation.
b. IN the country In the city In a town
d. A day by itself gets ON.
d. A room takes IN.
b. Specific exact time. At noon. At 12:00.
d. A month by itself takes IN.
b. You talk TO a person.
d. You go TO a place.
a. A year by itself takes IN.
d. specific time
d. When you have a specific day indicated by NUMBER, you use ON.
b. In the world In space In your imagination In the universe
b. We say something TO a person.
d. prepositional phrase IN SPITE OF
b. Exact times take AT.
b. IN a city.
c. A year by itself takes IN.
b. A month by itself takes IN.
c. You stay AT a place.
c. You COME FROM a certain place.
c. Exact times need AT
a. Cities take IN. So do countries, counties, towns
d. Day of the week by itself
d. You GIVE something TO somebody.
d. The number is given along with the street name. Use AT.
c. You TELL something TO someone.
a. day of the week by itself
b. Preposition of time. AT a specific time.
c. We use "IN" for countries. I was once stationed IN Egypt.
d. One thing combined WITH another thing or WITH other things.
a. IN the street It's a place with marked borders. An area with defined limits.
d. IN a season of the year
b. We use "between" when we are taking about TWO specific things.
a. We laugh AT things and people.
b. One thing is different FROM another thing.
b. We say we are TIRED OF something.
a. We TALK DURING an event.
c. ON the sidewalk. IN the street.
c. It would be IN or INSIDE a wallet. In a drawer. In a closet. In a box.
d. We are IN a car.
d. When you give the starting point for measuring time, we use SINCE, especially with PRESENT PERFECT VERBS.
a. We LISTEN TO something.
a. The pictures are touching the surface of the wall, so they are ON the wall.
b. You hear FROM people when you get any kind of letter, phone call, e-mail
d. ON BOARD is a phrase meaning inside a larger vehicle like a plane, train, bus, ship.
b. You WAIT FOR someone or something.
a. "Sub" is a prefix meaning "under," so it follows that a submarine can function UNDER the surface of the water.
b. This turns out to be a TIME question, so it is AFTER class, as opposed to a PLACE preposition, "I take a nap IN class."
b. When you have the total amount of time given, use FOR in these PRESENT PERFECT structures.
A common pattern is NOUN + PREPOSITION + NOUN for indicating things and the way they are measured or counted. A pack OF
d.
cigarettes a bottle OF wine a deck OF cards a glass OF milk
a. Present perfect tense. When you have only the starting point for your measurement, use SINCE.
b. You GO TO school. GO TO WORK GO TO just about any place.
a. When you talk about a specific room, you use IN.
a. passive voice! An action IS DONE BY someone.
d. total amount of time
a. IN a pocket IN a purse IN a drawer
d. You BORROW FROM someone. You can LOAN TO. You can LEND to.
b. Two things linked together coffee WITH cream salad WITH dressing ice cream WITH chocolate sauce
a. noun OF noun structureor association Queen OF England chief OF trainees leader OF Delta Company
fixed expression to be AFRIAD OF something
c. time element BEFORE or AFTER doing something
b. two-word verb KEEP (clothing) ON opposite: TAKE (clothing) OFF
b. You FALL DOWN. You CLIMB UP something.
c. Name of the street by itself. No address number given.
d. WITH indicates the weapon used. Cut the bread WITH that clean knife, not WITH that dirty one.
a. You show something TO someone.
a. IN or INSIDE certain objects like envelopes, pockets, purses, wallets, drawers, boxes
d. ON the sidewalk
c. IN the street
d. You GO TO a place, so you can RIDE TO a place. HITCHHIKE TO a place WALK or RUN TO a place
d. Something and the item of measurement used for it. A cup OF tea a slice OF bread a bouquet OF flowers
c. Parts of the day take IN. IN the morning IN the evening IN the afternoon BUT: AT NIGHT or DURING THE NIGHT
You are IN BED when you have at least one of the covers OVER you (a sheet, a blanket, a quilt). You are ON the bed when you are lying on
b.
the surface with no covering over you.
c. Total amount of time is given. FOR
b. We retire FROM a job.
b. You VOTE FOR or you VOTE AGAINST something or somebody.
a. two-word verb RELY ON = DEPEND ON
d. You can ASK ABOUT a subject.
c. Present perfect. Only the starting point is given. USE SINCE.
a. IN the evening but AT night
d. You stand ON something for added height.
d. Two items together.
a. part of the day IN the morning IN the afternoon IN the evening
c. touching the surface only ON the table
a. amount of time is given Use FOR
a. You GO TO a school. BUT: You ATTEND (no preposition) a college or university or school.
d. IN one of the four seasons
d. association noun OF noun The role OF a leader
a. The tool or weapon is given. He shot me WITH a rifle.
a. It's a place. IN the world INI the universe IN the solar system
d. noun OF noun structure the King OF Fools the Governor of Texas
b. inside a specific building IN the dorms IN the Amigo Inn
a. You can cook things IN or WITH butter, oil, margarine
c. He walks WITH the aid of a cane. Opposite is WITHOUT.
b. fixed expression ON fire
a. It's a place, so you can be AT the place. AT school AT home
a. fixed expression to be IN danger. Opposite: out of danger
b. a period of time IN the past In the future
c. in the morning in the afternoon in the evening BUT at night
c. phrasal verb come along with
a. fixed expression AT once, meaning without delay, without hesitation
d. passive voice
b. You are IN a parade.
b. ON an island The island is IN the water.
d. AMONG for more than two
b. fixed expression a CURE FOR something
a. agent under suspicion BY the police under surveillance BY the cops
b. fixed expression IN someone's opinion
c. You can give an activity FOR someone give a party FOR me give a baby shower FOR my sister
a. fixed expression ON FIRE
d. Remember: BETWEEN is for TWO things. AMONG is for more than TWO.
d. The water will pass UNDER the bridge under normal conditions.
b. You can JUMP ON a higher surface.
d. When you give the total amount of time, you use FOR, especially in PRESENT PERFECT sentences.
a. From one side to the other involves THROUGH. SEE THROUGH the fog. SEE THROUGH the dirty windshield.
a. We use WITH to indicate what method, tool, or instrument was used.
b. fixed expression to be IN LOVE opposite: to fall OUT OF LOVE with someone
a. You can GET INTO certain things: into trouble into an argument get into debt
SIT BY someone. You can sit BESIDE someone, but the word BESIDES (with the "s" on the end) does not mean NEXT TO. It means IN
b.
ADDITION TO: Besides German and French, she can speak English.
d. We PROTECT FROM
TRICK QUESTION? The name of the street is Fifth Avenue. The actual number of an address is NOT given here. The best store is
b.
located AT 645 Fifth Avenue. The stores are on Fifth Avenue.
d. IN the shade IN direct sunlight IN a specific area
b. Something is ON a certain floor of a building.
d. fixed expression APPROVE OF DISAPPROVE OF
b. Preposition of direction. You STARE AT POINT AT LOOK AT A rhinoceros can CHARGE AT you.
b. The block has a perimeter, so you put your signature IN the block.
d. BENEATH = UNDER = BELOW = UNDERNEATH
a.
d. The only one that conveys the idea of HIDING is UNDER.
a. We would have a REASON FOR something.
a. You enroll IN a school.
a. STAY UNTIL a certain time is reached.
b. fixed expression You BELIEVE IN something.
a. for -ing Something is used to cut Used (in order) to do something
a. fixed expression DISAPPOINTED IN but PROUD OF
b. If he sneaks up and touches your back, he has to be BEHIND you.
b. place TURN AT the sign TURN AT the traffic light.
c. A tunnel is like a long tube, so something travels THROUGH it.
d. area IN the middle of the room IN the middle of the hall
c. It's a place with a perimeter or border.
c. preposition of manner You do something WITH a certain attitude WITH GUSTO WITH RELUCTANCE WITH ENTHUSIASM
a. fixed expression Traveling ON the road by bus or car or van.
d. fixed expression to be sick OF something
d. fixed expression to run for an office or position
d. You RETIRE FROM a job.
b. You participate IN an activity.
b. touching the surface ON the moon ON the floor On the ground
a. fixed expression You are INVOLVED IN something.
b. IN a chair (with arms) ON a chair (without arms) ON a sofa (because it's wide and you might not be touching the arms of it).
d. Something is DIFFICULT or EASY FOR you.
c. phrasal verb to RUN AWAY FROM something
preposition of manner. HOW did he do something? You can do something BY doing something else. He survived BY drinking melted snow
b.
for 4 days. He excelled by writing a brilliant essay.
c. noun OF noun structure EXCESS of STUDENTS opposite LACK of STUDENTS
b. noun OF noun structure a champion OF human rights a defender OF freedom a critic OF reforms
b. two-word verb TAKE AWAY = remove
c. You serve IN an organization. Serve IN the Army serve IN the Peace Corps
b. fixed expression You do something ON purpose. = deliberately
c. The building is standing UP, so you have to tear it DOWN.
b. The road is lying flat ON the ground, so you have to tear it UP.
b. IN time, not ON time. ON time suggests there was an appointment. In time means they were not too late to do something.
a. You achieve a score or get a grade ON a test.
a. treatment You do something FOR a headache. Or ABOUT a COLD.
a.
d. fixed expression COMPOSED OF
b. fixed expression You are GOOD AT something or BAD AT something.
a. We say ON BASE versus OFF BASE. Another example would be ON a reservation versus OFF a reservation.
a. fixed expression You DISPOENSE WITH something.
c. fixed expression AGAINST THE LAW = illegal WITHIN THE LAW = legal
a. Fixed expression to be CONVICTED OF First, he was CHARGED WITH the crime.
A number can be BELOW or UNDER another number. He can't buy alcohol; he's still UNDER 21. I wish I could keep my weight BELOW
d.
165.
b. IN debt opposite OUT OF debt
b. in ink in pencil If you want to use "with," you have to say "with A pencil."
d. fixed expression You BRAG ABOUT something. But you can BOAST OF or BOAST ABOUT it.
a. fixed expression. Ashamed of. Opposite is proud of.
made of made from made with made out of If you want to use "made by," it's passive: made by a personade by using ingredients or
a.
utensils.
a. FROM memory also - BY MEMORY
c. for a period of timeor two daysor 48 hours
c. We do things either with or without hesitation. The paratroopers are not afraid, so they do it WITHOUT hesitation.
c.
b. at present or at the present time
d. AS means "in the capacity of."
c. ABOARD means to be on a large vehicle like a plane, bus, train, ship, space shuttle
a. You BLAME something ON someone.
d. You BLAME someone FOR doing something wrong.
c. We play ON a name, because our names can be written ON the team roster, ON the paper that lists our names.
c. You PROVOIDE someone WITH something.
a. stand AT ease AT attention AT parade rest
c. idiom IN the dumps, because it's a place
a. means of transportation ON foot BUT BY CAR BY BICYCLE
a. fixed expression WITH child means pregnant.
c. fixed expression BEYOND HOPE BEYOND SALVATION
c. an old-fashioned word betwixt=-between
a. dine on = to eat formal
c. You do something ON IMPULSE ON the spur of the moment
a. You do something BY accident.
b. You ASK something OF someone. What I'm asking OF you is that you do your homework.
a. You ask something OF someone. I need to ask a favor OF you.
c. fixed expression You shudder AT something.
c. One thing can have an influence ON another thing.
b. idiom You take a stab AT doing something. = TRY to do something
c. fixed expression to keep IN confidence
a. He is sitting ON top of it. On a horse On a bike On a camel On a motorcycle
b. method of transportation BY BIKE BY HORSE but -- ON a bike on a horse (Look for the article "A" or "AN.")
b. You either live ON base or OFF base. So you would move OFF base.
b. AMIDST = among (old-fashionedoetic)
a. "Over" can mean to COVER something. He held his hand OVER his mouth.
b. ON the radio There was a good show ON Channel 4 last night. I found a good story ON the Internet.
b. PRESENT TENSE. Third person plural THE STUDENTS (THEY) LIKE something
d.
d.
b.
a.
c.
d.
d.
a.
d.
a.
b.
a.
a.
d.
a.
d.
b.
b.
c.
d.
c.
b.
b.
d.
c.
b.
d.
d.
c.
a.
d.
d.
c.
d.
c.
b.
b.
c.
c.
b.
a.
c.
b.
d.
b.
c.
a.
b.
d.
b.
d.
c.
b.
a.
b.
b.
c.
c.
d.
a.
d.
a.
d.
c.
a.
b.
c.
c.
d.
b.
c.
b.
a. passive voice structure
a.
d.
c.
a.
c.
b.
c.
b.
b.
c.
a.
c.
b.
b.
d.
a.
c.
b.
a.
b.
d.
b.
a.
c.
a.
c.
d.
a.
d.
c.
a.
b.
a.
a.
c.
a.
c.
a.
c.
c.
d.
b.
a.
b.
c.
a.
a.
c.
c.
a.
d.
a.
c.
a.
d.
c. A screwdriver is a mixed drink of orange juice and vodka.
b.
a.
c.
d.
d.
b.
b.
c.
a.
a.
c.
b.
c.
d.
c.
d.
d.
b.
d.
b. PRESENT UNREALF I WERE
d. present unreal subjunctive IF I WERE
b. mixed pattern. Watch the time words. "last night" "right now"
a. reduced "if" clause. Inversion of subject and auxiliary verb.
d. mixed pattern
b. mixed pattern
b. mixed pattern
a.
b. mixed pattern
b.
b.
d. mixed pattern
a. reduced clause requiring inversion of subject and verb
b.
b.
b.
c.
d.
b.
d.
a.
a.
b.
d.
a.
a.
b.
a.
b.
d.
c.
b.
a.
b.
a.
b.
d.
a.
b.
d.
b.
a.
a. PAST REAL. He really WAS speaking English.
d. PAST REAL There really WAS a storm last night. I just didn't know about it.
b. PAST REAL The accident WAS Joe's fault. He just keeps denying it.
d. PAST REAL The speaker claims there WAS a point to his speech. I just didn't understand it.
d. This is tricky. You are a person. The unreal part of it is having a million dollars. IF I WERE A PERSON WHO HAD.
d. A PIECE OF CAKE = something very simple, easy to do
c. NO SWEAT = It will be so easy that we won't even sweat.
BURN THE MIDNIGHT OIL = work all night. To be working at midnight and later. Students often have to burn the midnight oil the night
b.
before a big test.
a. FULL OF BEANS = wrong = doesn't know what he's talking about = FULL OF HOT AIR = incorrect about things
a. The ZERO HOUR is a very critical time to do something important. THE MOMENT OF TRUTH.
RED TAPE is governmental bureaucratic delays that slow you down. Apparently in the old days, some government offices tied all their
a.
paperwork up in bundles with red tape and then it took them a long time just to locate the paper, much less process it.
b.
often the newest person in the organization. This comes from native American Indian culture. They would car
b.
the machinery.
d. If you hold your horses, you WAIT. You do not proceed.
c.
The people
century with
= 100 big pretty
years. feathers
Century markwere
canassumed
mean 100toofbeanything.
rich or powerful or aristocratic.
"The temperature It was
reached thegood to have
century mark yesterday" means it hit 100
a.
degrees F.
d. to drag your feet = to delay = to do something slowly
b.
wild animals and bad weather.
c.
smuggling or contraband.
b. free If a fish is hooked, he is in big trouble. If the fish is OFF THE HOOK, he has managed to escape and he is now free.
b. DOWN IN THE DUMPS = unhappy = sad = dejected = in a depressing situation, as if one is LIVING IN THE DUMP.
c. A BAT OUT OF HELL= fast, wild, crazy, dangerous
d. HIT THE HAY = go to bed. In the old days, people slept on piles of hay.
b. LET THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG = reveal a secret = tell something that should stay a secret
GO WITH THE FLOW = do what everyone else is doing and don't argue about it = accept what everyone else wants = float along in the current
b.
of the river = be passive and let it happen to you = don't try to change anything = just do what everyone wants you t
a.
guess.
d. LEAPS and BOUNDS are two ways of JUMPING. When you do something by leaps and bounds, you are doing it rapidly, with no obstacles.
a. A wolf who is pretending to be one of the sheep is trying to deceive you and cannot be trusted.
b.
jobs of two people.
c. If something fits the bill, it is perfect. It's just what you want and need. It meets your needs exactly.
a. A blue moon is very rare. Once in a blue moon is very rare. How often have you looked up in the sky and seen a BLUE moon up there?
a. to talk turkey = to talk seriously about something important
b. on the QT = secretly. The first and last letters of "quiet." QuieT
A steel trap is something to catch animals. Once it catches one (by the foot), it is so tight that the animal can't get away. If your mind is like
d.
this, it keeps every piece of information and doesn't "let it go."
c.
mountain, you grab at a rope, a tool, anything to help you. If the only left for you to grab to keep from fal
c. down to the wire = the final seconds of a race It's too close to know who the winner is. Nobody knows the result yet.
to do anything UP A STORM means to do it very hard, very seriously, working much harder than usual, devoting 100% of one's attention to the
c.
job at hand.
a. a trade = a job to ply a trade = to work at a job
b. to go off the deep end = to act crazily, insanely. To go into a violent rage.
b. gander = look
to horn in on = to intrude or interfere. Imagine an animal with horns. He uses his horns to get certain things. He could maneuver his way into
b.
an area
WET using his
BEHIND THE horns
EARS as =tools.
inexperienced, too new at the job. Like a new-born baby who was dried with a towel, but nobody dried behind the
d.
ears.
d. GO AGAINST THE CURRENT = take the opposite position = do the opposite of what others do = be difficult and hard to get along with
A square peg (piece of wood) would not fit properly in a round hole. So this means that the person doesn't belong there. The person is a
d.
MISFIT.
To hit paydirt is to get good results. If you are a miner digging for gold or silver, you hope to hit "pay dirt"---dirt that is full of gold or silver. You
c.
will be happy
It would with
be very your good
difficult for youresults.
to run after and catch a wild goose. Therefore, a wild goose chase is an impossible job or assignment.
b.
Everyone
DIME knows =
A DOZEN you willcommon,
very not succeed, but they
ordinary, try to make
plentiful. If youyou
candobuy
it anyway.
a dozen (12) of something for a dime (10cents), then it is very common,
c.
very ordinary, not unusual or different.
to take a powder = to leave, often quickly and without telling anyone. (When women GO TO THE POWDER ROOM, they leave the table and
b.
go to the ladies' restroom.) It means to go away and leave someone alone.
a. to hit the bottle = to drink alcohol (booze)
A "Monday morning quarterback" is someone who tells you on Monday what you should have done during Sunday's game. It is someone who
a.
tells you what you something obvious AFTER it's too late. He wasn't around to give you the advice when you really needed
b.
of a business transaction. There is no doubt. Your "item" is already in the bag.
b.
big advantage
Someone who over
dealsthewithother.
numbers, especially in a bureaucracy. They think their job is to count and (dis)approve EVERYTHING, even the
c.
number
keep of beans
at bay in each
= to keep bag. at a safe distance away while something else happens. Hunting dogs bay (bark) when they near the animal
someone
d.
they
To nip arein chasing.
the bud isIf to
you
stopcansomething
keeps theindogs at bay,stages.
its earliest they are Frost
only able
can to bark
NIP at you,plant
a young not actually
while it iscatch you.
just BUDDING, so it never grows. Nip = cut
b.
off bud = a flower before it even starts to open up
a. to spill your guts = to tell all of your secrets to confess a lot of serious things
a. false clue In mystery stories, we find red herrings, false clues to deceive us and draw our attention away from the truth.
b. TRIGGER HAPPY = nervous, overanxious too eager to shoot his gun
b. This is a translation of an American Indian phrase for "heaven." Someone who is there has died.
c. To be on pins and needles means you are very nervous.
a.
treat
A wetsomeone with kid
blanket stops gloves,
other you
people arehaving
from being very
fun. gentle
So he and kind
would to your
ruin that person---no shocks,
party because noboring.
he's so bad news,
So no yell
he's a party pooper because he
a.
doesn't want to have fun. Sometimes we try to put out a grass fire by smothering parts of it with a wet blanket.
THE BOONDOCKS is a very remote, primitive area far from big cities. There are no cultural amenities within hundreds of miles. Also known
b.
as THE
OJT BOONIES.
stands "Aftertraining."
for "on-the-job two years Instead
in the boonies, it was great
of just reading bookstoabout
be back
howinto
Houston."
do the job, you actually try to do the job while someone assists
b.
you and corrects you.
a. TO BULGE is to get bigger. Battle of the bulge = trying to keep from getting fat. PUDGY = a little too fat.
b. FIGHT. A slang expression for your fists is your DUKES. "Put up your dukes!" = Prepare to fight. Duke it out = fight to the finish
a. a pink slip = a piece of paper notifying someone that he/she is being fired from a job.
b.
bunch of them
When you around
stand someoneyou, up,
youyou
will don't
be scared.
honor an agreement. You don't show up for an appointment. You break a promise to be somewhere
b.
at a certain time.
c. simple form of a verb after a MODAL WILL BE MIGHT BE SHOULD BE
a. tag question If you have negative in the main clause, put affirmative in the tag.
c. modals HAVE TO = MUST
a. To copy someone else's answer is CHEATING.
d. idiom to be BROKE = no money
b. subject verb agreement One person IS absent. Who IS it?
b. You would STAB with a knife, not with the other 3 objects.
c. expensive = not cheap = costly
a. past tense (last night)
d. modals ought to = should (recommendationdvice)
d. specific exact time
d. Cats would chase mice, not the other 3 objects.
a. not easy = difficult = hard
a. robber = thief= someone who steals = bandit
c. not short = long
d. unhappy = not happy = sad = depressed = about to cry?
d. science or nature present tense HUMANS (THEY) need something.
d. Snow is white. (We hope)
b. unusual = strange = not ordinary = not common
c. current state or condition mass noun THE BREAD IS
a. yesterday = past tense Yesterday I WAS
b. Only "accident" makes sense here.
c. simple subject = student The student is
a. modals HAVE TO = MUST
d. A month by itself takes IN.
a. Something is IN a city IN a country IN a town
b. yesterday = past tense third person singular THE TEACHER WORKED
b. Day by itself takes ON.
a. tail = rear = aft = back part = (ship) stern
b. modal Put simple form after a modal. You will DO what?
a. Opposite of expensive = cheap costly = expensive
a. plural subject THEY ARE
c. hungry for food thirsty for water
d. yesterday = past tense I WAS
b. grass = vegetation, usually green
b. specific date Use ON.
a. Water freezes and becomes ICE. (Steam and boiling are associated with HOT liquids.)
c. Opposite of wide is NARROW.
a. ANGRY = upset, not happy, not pleased
d. The THUMB is one of your five fingers on your hand.
d.
years. = fall the time of the year when it starts to get colder, the leaves turn yellow, orange, red, and brownhen the leaves FALL from the
autumn
a.
trees.
c. IN the street ON the sidewalk
d. modals MAY = MIGHT (possibility)
d. good = better = best Something is THE BEST.
b. passive voice structure The conditions are controlled by someone, so they are CONTROLLED conditions.
a. count noun = things TOO MANY THINGS versus TOO MUCH WORK (mass noun)
c. The "h" of "honest" is silent, so it sounds like "ONEST," a vowel sound. He is AN HONEST person. She is AN HONORABLE person.
c. modals CAN = to be able
c. right now = present progressive I AM FINISHING.
c. POLICE = plural The police are The police were
d. Here, "kind" is singular. The other choices would have to go with plural forms. THAT KIND OF BOOK THAT KIND OF CANDY.
b. word form = interesting The lesson was interesting. The students were interested in the lesson.
c. last night = past tense. I SAW something last night.
d. Anytime you use the DO" auxiliary, put simple form of the verb. DO you GO to the gym every day? DID he SEE that movie?
d. To put something on a hook = to hang it up
a. low price = cheap = doesn't cost much
b. phrasal verb To remove an item of clothing is to TAKE IT OFF.
d. modals MUST = have to = mandatory = requirement
c. In English, we do our ages with the BE verb, not the HAVE verb. My car IS four years old. She WAS 56 when she died.
d. Since a waitress is a woman and the pencil belongs to her, it is HER PENCIL.
a. Plural subject in the present tense.
c. NEXT WEEK = future The class WILL do something NEXT WEEK.
d. POSSESSIVE adjective form. It is THEIR food. (The subject --officers -- is plural.)
c. PLURAL SUBJECT in the PRESENT TENSE. They "LIVE"
b. "Last month" requires PAST TENSE.
c. possessive pronoun. Whose hat is that? It is MINE. It is MY hat.
d. The verb "knows" needs a third person singular form. HE KNOWS/
d. comparative formne-syllable adjective
d. plural subjectlural verb "questions are"
b. past tense "yesterday" irregular verb SEE SAW SEEN
c. subject-verb agreement. The PRICE IS Do not make the verb agree with "BOOKS."
c. Subject-verb agreement AND past tense. The weather WAS good yesterday.
c. to lie = to NOT tell the truth = to say untrue things
a. The show was BORING. I was BORED when I watched it.
"Eat" is a single action verb, so you need to use a form of "do" as the auxiliary. Since it is past tense, use "did." After the "do" auxiliary, you
c.
need to use the simple form of the verb. WHAT DID YOU EAT for lunch? WHAT DID YOU DO last night?
d. put out = extinguish
c. comparison more fun than
c. method of transportation BY plane BY ship BY car BY taxi
b. midnight = 12:00 at night Twelve hours later is 12:00 noon.
d. POLICE = plural The police are. If you want a singular, you can say: the policeman is The policewoman is The police officer is.
b. "Access" is a noun. Modify it with an adjective. What kind of access? QUICK access.
c. Bank should involve MONEY. CASH a CHECK for the MONEY.
c. two-word verb LEAVE = TAKE OFF past tense = IT TOOK OFF
d. past tense I ATE
c. right now = present progressive PLURAL THE children ARE PLAYING.
c. police = PLURAL THEY ARE here.
d. last week = past tense irregular verb BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT Last week SHE BOUGHT something.
a. third person singular present tense IT TAKES
c. Last night = past tense. Irregular verb SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT Last night, I SLEPT
"want" is followed by an infinitive. The student WANTS TO LOOK AT page 4-19 of Book 34 for a good list of verbs followed by infinitives
b.
versus verbs followed by gerunds.
c. subject = topic = what you are talking about
a. instructions or orders in the imperative (You) hang up the phone.
d. seasons of the year FALL = AUTUMN (September, October, November in the U.S.)
a. extremely = very= awfully = terribly
correct formation of questions action verb (mean) present tense simple subject. This word means something. WHAT DOES THIS
c.
WORD MEAN?
d. possessive adjectives. It's my book. Or It's mine. (possessive pronoun)
b. error = mistake = wrong answer serious = big = major
a. dentist = person who works on the TEETH.
a. quite = very= extremely = really
a. Of these four answers, the only thing to explain a baby's crying would be the HUNGER.
c. passive voice
c. comparative forms GOOD BETTER BEST One thing is better than another.
d. STILL is not a verb. It an adverb. Lt. Smith HAS 8 more weeks. He STILL HAS 8 more weeks.
d. "Offer" is followed by an infinitive. See Book 34 p-4-19 for a big list of verbs followed by infinitives versus gerunds.
a. After certain connecting words in complex sentences the correct word order is SUBJECT/VERB. Can you tell me where THE HOTEL IS?
When you give only the starting point of measuring the time, use "since" in these PRESENT PERFECT structures. I have been here SINCE
c.
October 25.
c.
woke up ten hours later.
a.
c. Words like "right now" and "at this moment" often take the present progressive tense. You ARE READING this sentence at this moment.
c. DEAF = cannot hear
b. two-word verb TO GET THROUGH WITH = to finish, complete, end, conclude something
b. the verb form TO FORMULATE
d. subject form of the relative pronoun. I saw the man. HE shot the guard. I saw the man WHO shot the guard.
d.
sweaters.
b. four people? Use the superlative. He is THE TALLEST one of the four.
"TO" is a preposition. You need OBJECT forms because this is OBJECT of a PREPOSITION. Give the package to her. Give the package to
d.
Joe. Give the package to JOE and HER.
b. drop out of = to stop attending something or to stop participating in an organized group
b. mass noun The main clause is negative, so "I don't have ENOUGH of something to do it." I don't have enough time to iron my shirt.
d. adjective form I was NERVOUS. I felt NERVOUS.
b. past tense (LAST NIGHT) passive voice
c. noun form = a description
c.
pies WERE eaten.
d. noun form = departure = the act of departing or leaving
If you have an infinitive directly after the adjective, put "TOO" in front of the adjective. He is TOO old TO JOIN the military. It is TOO late
a.
TO CALL him now.
c. In a negative PRESENT PERFECT or PAST PERFECT construction, put "yet" at the end. I haven't passed the ECL yet.
a.
c. PROBLEM is a count noun. So you can have A LOT OF PROBLEMS or LOTS OF PROBLEMS.
c. Comparison with a one-syllable adjective. ---ER THAN I am shorter than Tom. He is richer than Bill.
d. umbrella = a shield against the rain or sun.
b. oven = heating device, cooking device. If it's like an oven, it's very hot.
b. irregular verbresent tense. I FEEL happy. I FEEL sick.
One clause is the result of the other. There is a comma between the clauses, so you use "SO.' If there were a semicolon, you could use
b.
"THEREFORE." It was extremely hot, so we went swimming. It was extremely hot; therefore, we went swimming.
c. This past tense sentences needs a FROM---TO structure. Class lasts FROM 0730 TO 1435.
b. moreover = furthermore = in addition = plus that = in addition to that = and also
c. abridged agreement I hate something and so does my brother. I hate something and my brother does too.
object forms requiredbjects of preposition Give the message to HIM. Give the message to HIS WIFE. Give the message to HIM and HIS
d.
WIFE.
Two simultaneous events, both of them in the PAST PROGRESSIVE As I WAS DRIVING to work this morning, I WAS LISTENING to my
d.
new Celine Dion cassette.
b. IN the streets ON the sidewalk
a. terribly = awfully = VERY = extremely terribly good = very good terribly bad = very bad
d. We need an ADVERB ( -ly form) because it tells us HOW he went down the hall. Adverb of manner.
d. passive voice The subject is plural. The sentences WERE WRITTEN by someone.
a. STUNDENTS is a count noun in the PLURAL. The only determiner that fits is ALL.
Based on the facts given, the comparison between Joe and Jim is the only one that is both factually and grammatically correct. Joe (16) is
c.
younger than Jim (18).
d. "Which" is used for things. A shirt is a thing. "Who" and "whom" are only used for people.
b. go along with = phrasal verb meaning to accompany
c. present tense tag questionaction verbs needing "DO" in the taghird person singularShe studies every night, DOESN'T she?
d.
hand in" is HANDING IN. Before LEAVING your room, I make sure the door is locked. After finishing his homew
b. 100 pounds of sugar = a quantity -= IT is a big quantity of sugar.
a. similar toHE same as
d. TROUBLE = a mass noun MUCH trouble LOTS of trouble A LOT OF trouble TOO MUCH trouble
d. CARS = count noun Heavy traffic means TOO MANY CARS.
b. tag question It issn't it?
b. REQUEST Would you open the window? Would you please let Sgt. Jones finish speaking?
d. SUPERLATIVE FORMoodetterest. It takes "the." This is THE HARDEST test I have ever seen.
b. PASSIVE VOICE Something IS DONE by somebody. PAST TENSE of the PASSIVE. It WAS DONE by somebody.
a. You get a score ON a test.
d. Here, "experience" is a mass noun. You need some of it.
b. irregular verb DRINK DRANK DRUNK
d. passive voice. Requires the "be" auxiliary. Past tense.
a.
TO PLAY basketball for the A team.
b. I was born = passive voice You need the preposition "IN." "City" is a count noun.
a. The verb"need" requires the infinitive form in this structure.
After a connecting word like "where" in an embedded structure, you put the SUBJECT first, then THE VERB. I want to know WHEN THE
b.
MOVIE
When you STARTS.
work with the PRESENT PERFECT tense, you use "FOR" when you are given the total amount of time. If you are given only the
c.
starting point, you use "SINCE." I have been here SINCE April 5.
c. fixed expression TO BE TIRED OF something

d. superlative form of the adjective "good." GOOD BETTER BEST
a. After the main verb "keep," you need to put the "-ing" form of a word. KEEP STUDYING and you will do fine.
b. You need an adjective here. "Studious" is the adjective form of "study."
b.
b. turn down = refuse to accept = decline = reject = say "no" to
b. confusing = perplexing = hard to understand = difficult to decipher
d. modals Should = advice If he's sick, he should go to the doctor.
d. FALL FELL FALLEN (simple past = FALL)
b. avalanche = snow falling rapidly down the side of a mountain
a. When frozen stuff starts to warm up, it MELTS (THAWS).
b. pronoun reference He bought a car. He paid for IT. IT refers to the car.
c. The wind BLOWS.
c. Dust is a mass noun. THE DUST IS Only the progressive is possible here. The dust is DOING something.
a. were = past tense. The only choice in the past is HAD TO. They HAD TO DO something.
c. yesterday = past tense THE NEWS = singular THE NEWS WAS BAD.
a. tasty = tastes good = delicious
c. vapor = steam Choices A, B, and D all involve COLD. Only C involves HEAT.
c. hood = the part of the car that you lift up to look at the engine.
b. IF clause FUTURE might = possibility (WILL = future certainty)
a. The simple subject is "price." THE PRICE IS
b. Last Night = past tense. Only answer B is in the past. If I was unable to go, then I didn't go.
d. combined amount of time. Use "for" in these kinds of present perfect sentences.
d. IF clause. Unreal present. Subjunctive. If I were you
d. If you check your dictionary, you'll find that these are all engineering structures constructed to hold back large amounts of water.
b. tag question Joe saididn't he? Affirmative in the main clause needs negative in the tag.
b. You CAUSE PROBLEMS FOR someone.
d. Introductory participial phrase. It has been reduced from "AS THEY WERE RUNNING TOWARD THE ICE CREAM TRUCK."
c.
double negatives! You must not say "I didn't eat nothing."
a. STILL = but, yet, however STILL can be used for CONTRAST structures
b.
d. Another way of saying "It is great!" is "How great it is!"
a. AS = preposition of capacity (in the capacity of) He will be acting AS the company commander for three weeks.
d. You have somebody DO something (simple form). I had the barber CUT my hair short. I had the bank CANCEL my credit card.
b. idiom to be broke = to have no money
d. SUBJUNCTIVE "IF" clauseresent unreal. If I WERE you, I would study the "IF" clause patterns.
d. You MAKE, LET or HAVE somebody DO (simple form) something. I made the children GO to bed early.
b. two-word verb DROP OFF = to fall asleep for a short period of time while sitting up
INFERENCE MODAL Based on some evidence, you come to a logical conclusion. There is a lot of laughter in that room. Someone MUST
a.
be telling jokes.
b. to call on = to visit FIORMALLY
The modal SHOULD is here, and you must put simple form of a verb after a modal. The bushes SHOULD BE GETTING more water. As a
c.
question, "Shouldn't they be getting more water?"
c. past tense. He SPENT years in the Corps before he retired.
d. We called him. Object form is required. The person WHOM we called will not come here today.
c. preposition of direction. You stare AT You look AT You point AT
"mind" takes gerund (-ing) form after it. See Book 34, page 4-19 for a big list of the verbs that take gerunds versus the ones that take
d.
infinitives. Would after
If the blank comes you mind CLOSING
the adjective, putthat window, please?
"ENOUGH" in it. Are you rich enough to buy a Mercedes? He is tall enough to play on the
b.
basketball team. She is smart enough to join MENSA.
b. Something is ON the floor, touching the surface of the floor.
c. You can use either DESPITE or IN SPITE OF. There is no such phrase as DESPITE OF or IN SPITE.
fewer mistakes MISTAKES is a count noun. This is a comparative structure. I have FEWER problems now than I did when I was a
b.
teenager.
a. idiom A little white lie = a small lie = not serious = fib
When you turn a number into part of a hyphenated adjective, you drop the plural of the noun. A general wearing three stars = a three-STAR
c.
general a car with four doors = a four-door car A run that lasts four miles = a four-MILE run
b. thus = therefore = hence A formal word used with a semicolon.
b. lame = something wrong with the leg or foot
a. reprimand = call down = scold = give a tongue-lashing to= chew out
b. The car cost a lot (past tenses), DIDN'T IT?
d.
eat dry cat food for two weeks.
a.
past of WILL is WOULD.
d. since = because The second clause tells us WHY, so we need BECAUSE or SINCE.
b. shame = bad =disgraceful = not good
a. fixed expression Something is difficult or easy FOR a person.
c. BY MEANS OF = using a certain tool, device, instrument, or method
You are comparing TWO things (people). OLD is just one-syllable. Put -ER after the adjective. Tommy is OLDER THAN the other son.
d.
Tommy is THE OLDER of the two sons.
d. to get along = to make progress = to continue to do well with something
a. PAST UNREAL CONDITIONAL.
d. He did something FOR a measurable amount of time. Lincoln was President FOR five years.
b. This is a reduced structure: WHILE YOU ARE CROSSING THE STREETeduce it to WHILE CROSSING THE STREET.
The main clause contains the "BE" verb, so the second abridged clause must also contain the "BE" verb. That means "a" and "b" are the only
b.
two possibilities. You have to say "and SO IS her daughter." You could also say "and her daughter IS TOO."
d. "As soon as" has the meaning of "when" in this sentence.
d. Passive voice is requited here. MUST BE MAILED.
a. ON the radio ON the television
c. fixed expression meaning "if it should happen." IN CASE OF rain, the game will be postponed. In case of an emergency, call 911.
b. DAY in this sentence is singular. EVERY DAY is the only one that fits. EACH DAY
a. They did it IN ORDER TO FIX it. We can reduce it: THEY DID IT (in order) TO FIX it.
TO is a preposition. The blank requires OBJECT FORM, object of the preposition. HIM and ME are the objects. Give the message to him.
opt 3
Give the message
You MAKE, to me.
LET, and HAVE Give the message
somebody to himform)
DO (simple and me.
something, no matter what the tense. I will make the secretary WORK overtime. I
b.
will have
USED TOthe boss CALL
= WOULD = toyou tomorrow.
have I have my
done something students
in the DOnot
past, but homework
now. It every night.and requires SIMPLE FORM. I used to LIVE in
is a modal
c.
Germany; now I live in Texas.
c. You practice DOING something. Put the "-ing" form after "practice."
c. Eitherr Neitheror These are correlative conjunctions. Either Mr. Jones or Ms. Smith is going to teach you next week.
d. A place for tourists to visit is a tourist place. Don't use the word "touristic."
c. Sometimes we use an infinitive (TO form) as the subject of a sentence. TO STEAL is wrong. TO PASS the ECL is my immediate goal.
SUPERLATIVE The adjective is 3 syllables long, so you must use "MOST" to express the superlative. That is the MOST BEAUTIFUL
b.
car I have ever seen. She is THE MOST INTELLIGENT person I have ever met.
c. This is an action in the past expressed in the simple past, so it happened "years ago."
b. This is a reduced structure. It started out as the clause "Because it was barking continuously," and we can reduce it to "Barking continuously."
CAUSE and EFFECT. The car is not expensive, SO you should buy it. "Therefore" is a stronger synonym for "so," requiring stronger
d.
punctuation. You are studying a lot. THEREFORE, you should do well on the next test.
c. The verb must agree with "hard question." A lot of hard questions ARE in this exercise.
c.
The harder UNREAL
PRESENT I tried, thewish
better I did.about something that is NOT true right now. The "wish" clauses work just like the "if" clauses. If I WERE
clause
a.
back
It home with
is common my family
to reduce "Goright to just
andnow, I would
"go."be happy.
I will GO AND BUY some cigarettes. = I GO BUY some cigarettes. I have to GO AND MAIL a
a.
letter. = I have to GO MAIL a letter.
b. The verb must agree with "ONE." "Neither one." Neither one os the children IS at home right now.
c.
"you-neek." He has A UNIQUE accent.
d. passive voice. The verb must agree with "cake."
a. passive voice. The verb must agree with "cakes."
d. The adjective form of "Spain" is "Spanish."
c. Put the " - ing" form after "avoid." He avoided FALLING because he grabbed ahold of the railing.
c. Conditionalresent unrealF JOE WERE There is an entire section of "IF' clauses in this databank IF YOU WANT TO TRY THEM.
b. Put "ing" form after "recall." Book 34 has a good page that lists the verbs that take the gerund and/or infinitive after them
"Homework" is a mass noun. "Much Homework" "Too much homework." You could say "Too many homework assignments," because
d.
"assignments" is a count noun.
b. fixed expression: TO BE INTERESTED IN something
b. (adjective) faint = very soft (verb) faint = pass out = black out = lose consciousness
d. comparison one-syllable adjective ONE THING IS -er THAN ANOTHER.
b. plural subject future (next week) PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE THEY ARE BEING REASSIGNED
a. wade = to walk, usually with the water not higher than your knees.
DRAPES = CURTAINS window coverings made of cloth (fabric) NOTE: Rugs and carpets are basically the same, so answers A
d.
and C cancel each other out.
b. IF clause UNREAL present If I WERE
After certain VERBS of URGENCY, a "that" clause takes a subjunctive (simple) form. The airline agent insisted that Steve CHECK IN at the
c.
counter two hours prior to departure.
d.
a. GIVE OUT = to stop working, to cease functioning The engine finally gave out after about 120,000 miles.
A DOZEN THINGS, not a dozen OF things. However, you can say A COUPLE OF ROSES. And you can say something like "There were
d.
sixty people on the plane, and a dozen of them were injured. However, you cannot say A DOZEN OF ROSES.
d. preposition of time FOR a short period of TIME. I visited them FOR the two days of Christmas.
b. CAUSE is the simple subject. The verb must agree with CAUSE. The CAUSE HAS not been determined.
d. as if = in such a manner like
c. to think something through = to consider it carefully, to weigh all the options
a. used to = would To have done something in the past but not now.
b. You jump TO conclusions. (It's a set phrase.)
After certain VERBS of URGENCY, you have to put SIMPLE FORM in the "that" clause. The policeman INSISTED that Joe GET out of the
b.
car with his hands up.
b. idiom to hit the ceiling = to be angry = to be explosively angry, like a bomb. LIVID = to be so angry that you might turn purple in the face.
b. The word in the blank must be a SUBJECT formE or SHE WILL WATCH my apartment. WHOM will not fit here.
a.
would be happy.
a.
CALL
In a NEITHER OR structure
her family. It is imperative
wherethat
onehe GET 80
element is on the next
singular andECL.
the other is plural, make the verb agree with the element closer to it. Neither
a.
the father nor his sons ARE here right now.
c. DOING things. The progressive would not make much sense here, so the simple form is best. I SAW the policeman SHOOT the suspect.
b. Put a gerund ( -ing form) after ANTICIPATE or LOOK FORWARD TO.
This is a reduced clause structure. The money WHICH WAS STOLEN FROM THE BANK can be reduced down to THE MONEY STOLEN
d.
FROM THE BANK.
b. exception I AM, AREN'T I? More formal = I AM< AM I NOT?
c. This started out as the clause AFTER HE HAD FINISHED THE TEST We can reduced it to the phrase HAVING FINISHED
c. MAY = modal of possibility You are suggesting that this is one of the things that MAY, MIGHT, or COULD have happened.
a.
clause.you create a hyphenated adjective using a number and a unit of measurement, the unit of measurement goes from plural to singular.
When
d.
The movie was 4 hours long. = It was a four-hour movie. The book is 300 pages long. = It is a 300-page book.
a. It is I = the correct formal structure. I AM guilty. Therefore, it is I who am guilty.
c. Certain verbs of URGENCY required the simple form in a following 'THAT" clause. The policeman ordered that Joe GET out of the car.
b. Reported speech. After the connecting words "whose shoes," the subject "those" must come. She wants to know whose shoes those are.
b.
to buy this CD.
a. This is the REDUCED SUBJUNTIVE. "If I had been there" can be reduced to "Had I been there."
c. This is a modal. "He need not" do something = He doesn't need to do it. You need not do it = You don't need to do it.
b. A main verb "KNEW" in the past needs the following verb to also be in the past.
b.
ANGERING all the students.
c. An infinitive can be the subject of a sentence. So can a gerund. TO RUN is good exercise. RUNNING is good exercise.
a. to bring up = to raise = to rear = to bring up = to help grow up
b. to snoop = to pry into = to
c. future perfect tense By the time I retire, I will have worked for this company for 35 years.
b. "BEFORE" is a preposition of time here. You need a noun after it. "Starting" is the gerund or noun form of "to start."
a. Reduced clause. "After he had finished" can be reduced to the phrase "Having finished."
a. "To tie the knot" is an idiom meaning to get married.
a.
c. a grand = slang term for a thousand dollars FIVE GRAND = $5,000
b. perk up = become alert = become attentive = pay attention = listen intently
d. A NUMBER = plural (More than twoaybe more than several) A NUMBER OF PROBLEMS HAVE ARISEN during your absence.
a. THE NUMBER = singular (It's only ONE number.) THE NUMBER OF WHITE TIGERS IS dedcreasing rapidly.
a. HIT THE SLOPES = ski down the mountainsides
FOR is a preposition, so you need OBJECTS OF THE PREPOSITION. "For Joe" and "for me." "For Joe and me." It is easy FOR MARY
d.
AND ME to understand Julio's accent.

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c. fixed expression TO BE TIRED OF something

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c. fixed expression TO BE TIRED OF something

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