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SULUDNON

The Sulod are the most abundant of


the varied cultural-linguistic groups inhabiting the
mountains of Central Panay; Tapaz, Capiz;
Lambuano, Iloilo; and Valderrama, Antique
Provinces, who remain relatively not integrated
into a wider society or culture.

They settle at the rocky slopes along the


shore of the river in the inner and higher-level of
mountains. Due to the location of their territory,
the inhabitants has been called Sulod by their
neighbors, which literally means closet or room;
aside from this, they're also named montesses by lowlanders, which means mountain dwellers. They
converse through a dialect which is a combination of Kiniray-a and Hiligaynon.

ECONOMY

Subsistence is mainly by moving cultivation of upland rice, maize, sweet potatoes, and other
palatable tubers supplemented by hunting, fishing and gathering. The Sulod do not remain in one place
for over two years, basically due to their utilization of land. Tough grasses and auxiliary growth after
harverst makes the land hard to recultivate, especially as the Sulod don't have animals and plowing
equipments to work. Henceforth they move to somewhere else where trees are developing copiously
and where the soil is free of grass. The relinquished site is called lati and might be utilized again after five
years or more.

LEADERSHIP

Leadership is expected by the oldest man in every settlement. The leader, called parangkuton or
"advocate," is someone to be asked in the settlement. He coordinates exercises like hunting, house
building, and moving to another kaingin site. Aside from this, he settles debate and heads yearly social
and religious exercises. He is then assisted by a young fellow called timbang, which literally means
"helper". At the point when a parangkuton passes on, the next oldest man in the settlement will then
face the leadership of the administration.

RELIGION

Religion is important to the lives of every Sulod. Every movement of Sulod is in adjustment to the
desires of the spirits and gods, and the Sulod does all that he can to satisfy these divinities, even to the
degree of being in debt just to celebrate a proper ceremony for the main soul known as diwata. There
are 16 yearly cermonies and various minor ones. The vast majority ceremonies are led by the religious
leader known as baylan; men or ladies delegated and whose jobs are to speak with the overwhelming
spirits amid seances and decipher dreams and signs in respect to the prosperity of the groups.
CULTURE

The Sulod were known for their practice of keeping "binukot", concealing their delightful ladies
in shut rooms far from the eyes of any man. They are treated like a princess and is sold when she's in
the correct age to wed. The binukot, who turned into the record managers of their kin, later became
essential to the numerous Visayan epics like Hinilawod, Humadapnon, and the story of Labaw Donggon.

DEATH AND BURIAL

At the point when a Sulod dies, everyone in the settlement mourns the deprived family by
contributing material things required for the balasan, "wake of the dead." If the perished is a common
man, he is basically covered in the ground, to the other side of a kantang.

In the event that the man is someone important, a baylan or parangkuton for instance, he isn't
covered in the ground. A coffin is set up for him by cutting down a vast tree, cutting it to certain length,
shaping it like a boat. Carvings are made on the cover and on the sides. The carcass is encoffined and the
openings stuck with a gumlike sap. At that point the coffin is put underneath an extraordinary shed
made of cogon grass, called the kantang, which has been built over a singular slope. At long last, a hole is
built in the base of one end of the box and a little bamboo tube called pasuk inserted to facilitate the
flow of the tagas or decomposing body liquids. Following a few months, the bones are removed, washed,
wraped in a black cloth, and suspended under the roof of the house.
AKLANON
The area of Aklan in the northern
piece of Panay Island is home to the
Aklanons. They speak Akeanon and
Ibayjanon, dialects that are commonly
coherent with Hiligaynon.

The Aklanons contain the larger


part in Aklan and share the territory
with the Ati, Karay-a, Hiligaynon, and
Capiznon. The majority of the Aklanons
are Roman Catholics, for whom
Christian celebrations like Lent and
Christmas are significant. They respect
the Santo Nio or Holy Child Jesus, a
Catholic symbol, as very important cultural symbol. The Akeanon or Aklanon people are part of the
extensive Visayanethnolinguistic group who constitute the largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group.

HISTORY

The Aklanons are relatives of the Austronesian-talking outsiders who went to the Philippines amid
the Iron Age. They got their name from the stream Akean, which implies noiling or foaming.

Aklan, initially known as Minuro it Akean, is thought to be the oldest province in the nation and is
believed to be built up as early as 1213 by settlers rom Borneo. As indicated by the tales of the Maragtas,
Aklan once enjoyed in power among the realms cut out in Panay by the 10 Bornean datus. These datus,
after escaping the oppression of Rajah Makatunaw of Borneo, bought the island from the Ati King
Marikudo. They then established the sakup of Hamtik, Akean which incorporates the Capiz range, and
Irong-irong, developed the land, and renamed the new nation as the Confederation of Madya-as. The
datus as far as anyone knows arrived in Malandog, Hamtik, where a marker celebrates the occasion
which is reenacted in the Binirayan Festival.

Convention holds that the first leader of Aklan was Datu Dinagandan who was ousted in 1399, by
Kalantiaw. In 1433, Kalantiaw III defined laws that is referred to today as the Code of Kalantiaw. William
Henry Scott, an outstanding American historian, later exposed the Code of Kalantiaw as a fraud. In any
case, numerous Filipinos, including Aklanons and different Visayans keep on believing this legend as true.

LANGUAGE

Aklanons speak the Aklan dialects, which includes Aklanon and Malaynon. Ati is also spoken to
some degree. Meanwhile, Hiligaynon and Kinaray-an are used as provincial dialects. Tagalog is spoken by
Aklanons in Metro Manila, while the official language of the Philippines, Filipino and English are taught
at school.
RELIGION

Prior to the arrival of the


Spaniards, the Aklanons are
probably practicing the "worship"
of Anitos. However, after Spanish
colonization, vast number of
Aklanons have turned out to be
sincere Roman Catholics. They are
known by their commitment to
the Santo Nio or Child Jesus.
Aklanons also practices parades
amid religious occasions like
Salubong.

CULTURE

Most Aklanons take part in


agriculture while those Aklanons in the seaside areas engage in fishing. They additionally make
handiworks. Music like courtship songs or kundiman, wedding psalms, and funneral recitals are also all
around created with dance movements.

Generally, Aklanons practiced tattooing, in some cases including henna, but surrendered the
work on amid the Spanish time. However, nowadays there has been a recovery of it in island of Boracay,
which is caused by its popularity with tourists.

Like other Western Visayans, Aklanons also believe in aswangs or vampire in english. Tales about
this creature are known among Aklanons and there are superstitions that are polished to avoid the
threats they cause. A couple of the known aswangs are:

Amalanhig blend of zombie and vampire; they're scared of water.


Ek ek or Wak wak like manananggals however it can't separate its body; they transform into
extensive winged creatures or bats.
Sigbin or Sigben undetectable leeches, the animal takes after to a hornless goat.
Manananggal a creature who separates itself.

KINARAY-A
The Kinaray-a lives in the coastal areas and riversides of western Panay, and interior of Panay
island in the Western Visayas Region; and certain villages in Mindanao. They are highy dense in the area
of Antique and Iloilo. Hiligaynon, the language of the Ilonggos, was derived from the Kinaray-a language.
The Kinaray-a are working hard to preserve their traditions and culture. They have made their own
kind of music called Original Kinaray-a Music or OKM. Their theme song, Antique, Banwa nga Hamili,
expresses their love for their home; their banwa the birthplace of a hardworking, brave group of
people.

Amid 1940s, many Kinaray-a left for Mindanao, especially those without good farmlands in Panay,
lured by the promise of bountiful agriculture lands. Being industrious, those who settled in Mindanao
established well-heeled communities and achieved great prosperity with their lands. Unfortunately,
because of this, tension has been growing between the Kinaray-a and neighboring Muslim groups; who
feel their lands have been unfairly taken by the Kinaray-a.

SOURCES:

Ethnic Group of the Philippines (2017). People: Aklanon. Retrieved from:


http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/

Ethnic Group of the Philippines (2017). People: Kinaray-a. Retrieved from:


http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/

Ethnic Group of the Philippines (2017). People: Saludnon. Retrieved from:


http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/

Foleen T. Martin et al (nd). Suludnon - Visayas: Remaining Treasures of the Indigenous People. Retrieved
from: https://sites.google.com

Foleen T. Martin et al (nd). Aklanon - Visayas: Remaining Treasures of the Indigenous People. Retrieved
from: https://sites.google.com

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