Digital Soil Mapping in SAGA GIS

Dipl. Phys. Andre Ringeler SAGA User Group e.V

aringel@saga-gis.org c/o Geogr. Inst. Univ.
Gttingen
www.saga-gis.org Goldschmidt Str. 5.
D-37077 Gttingen

Arbeitsgruppe Geosystemanalye: SAGA Usergroup e.V.:

Jrgen Bhner Geographical Instituts of the

University's:
Michalel Bock Bonn
Jrgen Bhner Hannover
Frank Haselein Gttingen
Olaf Conrad Eichsttt
Rdiger Khte Salzburg
Andr Ringeler Freising
Thomas Selige Extremadura

What is SAGA GIS

SAGA: System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses

Licence: Free Open Source Software (GPL)
Plattforms: Windows, Linux, MacOS
Application Programming Interface (API)
for easy implementation of geoscientific methods
exchangeable Module Libraries
in terms of Terrain Analysis, Remotesensing,
Image Processing,
Growing community of developer

www.saga-gis.org
SAGA GIS: Overview

System architecture

Workspace Parameters Description Legend

GUI elements (screen shot)

SAGA GIS: Features

Digitize vector data Symbols, charts Grid interpolation

Map view Print layout

SAGA GIS: Features

3d view Scatter plot

@echo off
set SAGA_MLB = C:\SAGA\Modules
path = %path%;C:\SAGA
saga_cmd.exe shapes_grid 5 -INPUT
.\dem.dgm -CONTOUR .\contour.shp -ZSTEP
25.0
saga_cmd.exe ta_hydrology 0 -ELEVATION
.\dem.dgm -CAREA .\carea.dgm
saga_cmd.exe grid_discretisation 1 -INPUT
.\dem.dgm;.\slope.dgm;.\aspect.dgm;.\care
a.dgm -RESULT .\cluster.dgm -STATISTICS
.\cluster.txt -NORMALISE -NCLUSTER 10
pause

Command line interpreter Batch script

 SAGA GIS: Methods

File access: interfaces to various table, vector, image and grid file
formats.
Filter for grids: gaussian, laplacian, multi direction lee filter...
Gridding: interpolation from vector data using triangulation, nearest
neighbour, inverse distance...
Projection Geostatistics: residual analysis, kriging, single and multiple regression
analysis, variance analysis...
Grid calculator: combine grids through user defined functions...
Grid discretisation: skeletonisation, segmentation...
Grid tools: merging, resampling, gaps filling...
Visibility Image classification: cluster analysis, box classification, maximum
likelihood, pattern recognition, region growing...
Projections: various coordinate transformations for vector and grid data
georeferencing of grids.
Simulation of dynamic processes: TOPMODEL, nitrogen
distributions, erosion, landscape development...
Down slope area Terrain analysis: slope, aspect, curvatures, curvature classification,
analytical hillshading, sink eliminition, flow path analysis,
catchment delineation, solar radiation, channel lines, relative
altitudes...
Vector tools: polygon intersection, contour lines from grid...

Kriging
Digital Soil Mapping with SAGA Modules

STRUCTURE/CONCEPTION
Terrain Analysis Process Parameterisation Soil Regionalisation Simulation

DATA BASE
Digital Terrain Data Satellite Data GCM Data Geology Soil Profiles

RESULTS
Relief Units Terrain Parameters Climate Maps Soil Maps

APPLICATION
Water and Wind Erosion Risk Assessment
Structure/Conception:

I Terrain Analysis Deliverables Outcomes

terrain segmentation using
morphometry and
geostatistics
homogeneous relief
complex terrain analysis
response units geomorphometric maps
local and complex terrain parameter maps
II Process Parameterisation
terrain parameters
regional climate modelling
regionalsation of environment
related climate and terrain topo-climatic parameters
controlled process parameters (radiation, temperature,) climate maps
environment and soil maps of process indices
III Regionalisation of Soil related process parameters
Data and Process Regions
using multivariate statistics
using geostatistical approach delineated units
for process regions and maps of discrete process
soilscapes, continuous soil regions, soilscape maps
IV Soil Related Processes
data (texture, organic matter) maps of soil properties
surface runoff
translocation by water
translocation by wind
surface runoff
climate impact analysis
ground water recharge erosion risk maps,
erosion risk assessment maps of possible future
climate impact assessment environmental changes
Objectives/Methodology
I Terrain Analysis

I Terrain Analysis Deliverables Outcomes

terrain segmentation using
morphometry and
geostatistics
homogeneous relief
complex terrain analysis
response units geomorphometric maps
local and complex terrain parameter maps
terrain parameters

Objectives/Methodology
I TERRAIN ANALYSIS

Besides continuous properties like slope, aspect

and surface curvatures other methods for relief
analysis lead to a segmentation of discrete relief
units. The next example shows the possibility of
an automated differentiation of summit areas
(yellow), and valley grounds (blue). The inter-
mediate colours stand for different steep slopes.
I TERRAIN ANALYSIS: Collection, Evaluation and Processing of DTM

SRTM DTM (30.0 x 30.0m)

LGN DTM (12.5 x 12.5m)

GTOPO30 DTM (500 x 500m)

LGN DTM (50 x 50m)
I TERRAIN ANALYSIS: Homogenous Relief Response Units (Discreating Approach)

Geomorphographic Map
of Lower Saxony
II Terrain Analysis: Complex Analytical Terrain Parameters (Continuous Approach)

Catchment Area (< 0.2 >2950ha)

Wetness Index - SAGA Wetness Index

Altitude above Channel Lines (0 95m)

II Process Parameterisation

I Terrain Analysis Deliverables Outcomes

terrain segmentation using
morphometry and
geostatistics
homogeneous relief
complex terrain analysis
response units geomorphometric maps
local and complex terrain parameter maps
II Process Parameterisation
terrain parameters
regional climate modelling
regionalsation of environment
related climate and terrain topo-climatic parameters
controlled process parameters (radiation, temperature,) climate maps
environment and soil maps of process indices
related process parameters

Objectives/Methodology
II PROCESS PARAMETERISATION:

While long standing statistics are the basis for

land use data, remote sensing allows the
monitoring of actual vegetation dynamics. The
animation shows spatio-temporal variations of
the NDVI within one year for Middle Europe.
This index is a measure for the state of the
vegetation cover derived from satellite images.
II Process Parameterisation: Circulation Parameterisation (NWPS, NCAR, ECHAM)

Pressure Profile Temperature Profile Moisture Profile

[10.0E/52.5N] [10.0E/52.5N] [10.0E/52.5N]

L 5000 5000 5000

4500 4500 4500

4000
4000 4000

3500
3500 3500

3000

Altitude [gpm]
3000 3000

Altitude [gpm]

Altitude [gpm]
2500
2500 2500

2000
2000 2000

1500

1500 1500

H 1000 1000
1000

500

500 500

0. 0 0. 5 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 2. 5 3. 0
0 0

H 0 500 1000

Pressure [hPa]
1500 -15 -10 -5 0 5

Temperature [C]
10 15 20 25
Vapour Pressure
[hPa]

Data Base: NCAR/CDAS Reanalysis Data Circulation Pattern 13. 03. 1994:
Sea Level Pressure [hPa] - Heights at 500 hPa Layer (blue line) and at 200 hPa Layer (white line) [gpdm]
II Process Parameterisation: Regional Climate Modelling

Radiation Balance (Water Eq.): < 2 - > 3.5 mm/d

Water Balance (Catchment Areas): < - 50 - > 450mm

Precipitation Distribution
< 600 - > 3200mm
II Process Parameterisation: Climate and Relief Controlled Process Parameters

USLE R-Faktor {< 50 - > 75]

Erosion Accumulation Balance Index

Modified USLE LS-Factor
Structure/Conception:

I Terrain Analysis Deliverables Outcomes

terrain segmentation using
morphometry and
geostatistics
homogeneous relief
complex terrain analysis
response units geomorphometric maps
local and complex terrain parameter maps
II Process Parameterisation
terrain parameters
regional climate modelling
regionalsation of environment
related climate and terrain topo-climatic parameters
controlled process parameters (radiation, temperature,) climate maps
environment and soil maps of process indices
III Regionalisation of Soil related process parameters
Data and Process Regions
using multivariate statistics
using geostatistical approach delineated units
for process regions and maps of discrete process
soilscapes, continuous soil regions, soilscape maps
data (texture, organic matter) maps of soil properties

Objectives/Methodology
 Ground Water
III Regionalisation of Soil Data/Process Regions
Silt
Sand

Regionalisation - from points into space:

One emphasis is to use point data, e.g.
soil samples, as basis for the creation of
maps, that predict the spatial distribution
of the sampled data. This is done by
geostatistical procedures that take into
account additional spatially distributed
information (DEM, satellite images). At this
page, the regionalised percentages of
different grain sizes of soils (sand, silt,
clay) around Gttingen are considered.
III Regionalisation of Soil Properties : continuous characteristics und discretisation

Disaggrgierte Bodenkarte
(Blatt 4426 Ebergtzen)

Abbildung diskreter Grenzen

geologisch/tektonische Grenzen
Grenzen von Prozessbereichen
III Regionalisation of Soil Properties
Structure/Conception:

I Terrain Analysis Deliverables Outcomes

terrain segmentation using
morphometry and
geostatistics
homogeneous relief
complex terrain analysis
response units geomorphometric maps
local and complex terrain parameter maps
II Process Parameterisation
terrain parameters
regional climate modelling
regionalsation of environment
related climate and terrain topo-climatic parameters
controlled process parameters (radiation, temperature,) climate maps
environment and soil maps of process indices
III Regionalisation of Soil related process parameters
Data and Process Regions
using multivariate statistics
using geostatistical approach delineated units
for process regions and maps of discrete process
soilscapes, continuous soil regions, soilscape maps
IV Soil Related Processes
data (texture, organic matter) maps of soil properties
surface runoff
translocation by water
translocation by wind
surface runoff
climate impact analysis
ground water recharge erosion risk maps,
erosion risk assessment maps of possible future
climate impact assessment environmental changes
Objectives/Methodology
IV Soil related Processes: Erosion Risk Assessment (Water Erosion)
IV CLIMA REANALYSIS GCM-DOWNSCALING

Videosequenz (Vis-5D):
Troposphrisches
Dampfdruck-Defizit

Bhner/Krger/Gerold/Bock Reliefanalyse, Prozessparametrisierung & Bodenregionalisierung (05.05.2006)

IV PROZESSPARAMETRISIERUNG FORMUNGS- & PROZESSREGIONEN

GR Glazialraum
KP Kont. Permafrost
DP Diskont. Permafrost

Transeau Verhltnis

N/V > 0.90

N/V > 0.70
N/V > 0.50
N/V > 0.30
N/V > 0.20

GMK-Senkenbereiche

Sptquartre Hangentwicklung und Deckschichtverbreitung im Bayrischen Tertirhgelland (31.01.06)

IV REGIONALISIERUNG ERGEBNISSE

Predicted Quaternary [cm] Predicted Quaternary [cm]

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Predictors: TWI/SPI Predictors: STP/MBP/SFP

Quartrmchtigkeit (SPI/TWI) Quartrmchtigkeit (STP/MBP/SFP)

Predictors: TWI/SPI - R = 0.71 (0.67) Predictors: STP/MBP/SFP - R = 0.88 (0.83)

Measured Quaternary [cm]

Measured Quaternary [cm]

90 100
90 100

80
80

70
70

60
60

50
50

40
40

30
30

20
20

10
10

Predicted Quaternary [cm] Predicted Quaternary [cm]

0
0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

Reliefparameter (SPI, TWI) Prozessparameter (STP, MBP, SFP)

SUMMERY
Further Information

www.saga-gis.org