International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438

Sand Shale Ratio as Holocene Sea Level Change

Indicator on The Gresik Plain, East Java
R.M. Riza Atmadibrata1, Nana Sulaksana2, A. Helman Hamdani3
1, 2, 3
Padjajaran University, Postgraduate Programme Of Geosciences Faculty Of Geological Engineering,
Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract: Sea Level Change Phenomenon is interest to be researched. Since Geological Quantitative approach needs to be required to
solve the facing problem. Sand Shale Ratio as Holocene Sea Level Change Indicator on The Gresik Plain, East Java as the topic of the
thesis research, wish could be implemented in the future. Analytical data were obtained by : the shallow wells drilled on the
surrounding area. Statistical probabilistic approach has been utilized to verify, whether there is a difference between fluviatile
sediments product and marine environment on the adjacent research area. The interpretation result of the Super Impose Map, Isopach
Map, and Sand Shale Ratio, was indicated that probably, there are two kind of different genetic associated with the process of
sedimentation occurring in the North and The South Blocks of the research area. Lilliefors method has been tasted on the Sidayu Block
resulting as a normal distribution where L0 = 0,2658 , L(=0,05) = 0,271. However, on the Bungah Block resulting opposite, where L0 =
0,824 , L(=0,05) = 0,190. The result of Mann Withney Test which given Zcalc > Ztab (6,5288 > 1,96). indicated that there is a
difference in the process of sedimentation between in Sidayu and Bungah Blocks. And also both population are tend to be different, as
well as in the North and South Blocks. Geologically, it could be interpreted that the population data on Sidayu Block has been
controlled by the external factor during the sedimentation process. Probably, due to the involvement of tectonic activity.

Keywords : Sand shale ratio, holocene, sea level changes, Gresik

1. Introduction
This aim study was emphasized the aspect on the sea level
The Gresik plain is located in the eastern part of Java, East change utilized the sand shale ratio method which were
Java Province, Indonesia (Fig. 1) obtained by drilled shallow wells.
What is the difference between the Northern Block
(Sidayu) and the Southern Block (Bungah) while the
sedimentation being processed on Holocene age?
How far the sea level change representing the sand shale
ratio on the Gresik Plain, East Java?

The advantage of this research are:

Figure 1: Index Location of Research Area
Physiographically, the research study is part of alluvium
plain of northern Java [1]. In the southern part the area was
boundary by Rembang-Madura Ridge. The Folding, faulting,
uplifting, and erosion occurred in the Rembang Madura
Ridge since the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene [2]. In the
Late Pleistocene age, a partly subsidence was occurred
following by deposition of Pamengkasan Formation. on the
transition environmental conditions between terrestrial and
littoral. It is suspected that the uplifting in this area re-
occurring Holocene [2]. Holocene sea level change could be
recognized by a several of rock information recorded in the
sequence of sedimentation. Based on the literature from the
previous researcher, stated that sea level has been changed on
the Gresik Plain in the Holocene age [3,4]. Sea level changes
during the period of Holocene is reflected in the composition
of lithological and faunal distribution [5]. The mechanism of
the deposition process, especially on Fluvial facies is a good
source of information for review. These events can be
correlated to the mechanism of sea-level fluctuations follow a
linear timescale of clastics facies [6,7, 8,9,10].
To reconstruct sea level change by approaching through
the sand shale ratio method as a database.
To give the geological knowledge as a characterized by
the sea level change and how it could be implemented to
reconstruct the sea level change on the Holocene age.
To understand the Geodynamic of Holocene related to
control the development process of sea level change
behavior is a cycle event occurred and currently still
being happened until today. Therefore, it is important to
require the geodynamic knowledge as used for a database
on the case of nature disaster and environment.
2. Methodology
The design of the research utilizes this method which
generate a development of the theory by verification and
validation of the empirical propositions such as deductive
hypothesis. Several stages of the research will be conducted
to obtain an accurate and integrated result among the
research variables [11] Initially it should be designated in
advance . (Fig. 2)

Volume 4 Issue 4, April 2015

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Paper ID: SUB152786 232
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
Well BO-17 BO-18 BO-19 BO-20 BO-21 BO-22 BO-23 BO-24
Thickness 3,55 4,30 3,90 8,70 2,20 6,90 7,20 -
Well BO-25 BO-26 BO-27 BO-28 BO-29 BO-30 BO-31 BO-32
Thickness 0,80 2,80 2,70 - 0,80 1,20 9,10 0,70
Well BO-33 BO-34 BO-35 BO-36 BO-37 BO-38 BO-39 BO-40
Thickness 0,20 - - 1,00 2,30 0,40 1,60 4,90

Figure 2: Fishbone Concept Research of Holocene Sea

Level Change

The 40 of core from shallow wells have been taken by

drilling along the Bengawan Solo River at site. To test the
normality of the well data utilizes the Lilliefors and U
Mann Whitney were used for comparative test [12,13]

3. Result & Discussion

The data have been analyzed and described using the fourty
core samples of shallow wells and plotted them on to the
Maps (Fig. 3).
Figure 4: Isopach Map

3.2 Sand Shale Ratio

Sand Shale Ratio Map was generated based on the ratio of

sand thickness versus shale of each wells. The result has been
listed in table 2 Sand Shale Ratio Data. (Fig. 5)

Table 2: Sand Shale Ratio Data

Well BO-1 BO-2 BO-3 BO-4 BO-5 BO-6 BO-7 BO-8
Ratio 0,56 1,00 1,36 0,13 1,43 1,04 0,33 0,63
Well BO-9 BO-10 BO-11 BO-12 BO-13 BO-14 BO-15 BO-16
Ratio 0,67 8,21 2,14 0,33 0,82 - 3,13 0,83
Well BO-17 BO-18 BO-19 BO-20 BO-21 BO-22 BO-23 BO-24
Ratio 0,76 0,76 0,59 1,67 0,17 1,96 12,00 -
Well BO-25 BO-26 BO-27 BO-28 BO-29 BO-30 BO-31 BO-32
Ratio 0,50 0,93 3,86 - 0,44 0,72 2,50 0,13
Well BO-33 BO-34 BO-35 BO-36 BO-37 BO-38 BO-39 BO-40
Ratio 0,17 - - 0,62 1,33 0,0 1,00 6,1

Figure 3: Location map of drilling wells, Gresik Plain, East

Java

3.1 Shallow Drilling Wells

Total of fourty sample of cores have been described to

calculate the total thickness of the sand of each well. Those
were used to produce the Isopach Map. (Fig. 4) the result of
total sand thickness can be seen on the table 1. Data of total
sand thickness.

Table 1: Total Sand Thickness

Well BO-1 BO-2 BO-3 BO-4 BO-5 BO-6 BO-7 BO-8
Thickness 3,85 4,00 0,80 0,90 5,00 4,90 0,30 2,80
Well BO-9 BO-10 BO-11 BO-12 BO-13 BO-14 BO-15 BO-16
Thickness 3,60 8,90 3,65 1,90 4,20 - 2,35 4,40 Figure 5: SSR Map on the Gresik Plain, East Java.

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Paper ID: SUB152786 233
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
3.3 Superimpose Map Table 4: Distribution Test on North Block (Sidayu) -
Anomaly Data Excluded
Superimpose Map was derived by combining the Isopach and |F(zi)-
No xi xi-x (xi-x)2 zi F(zi) S(zi)
SSR Maps consecutively (see Fig 6). The Super Impose Map S(zi)|
shows that there are 2 Blocks can be separated, which are the 1 0.13 -0.57 0.32 -0.79 0.2148 0.1111 0.1037
Sidayu Block of the Northern part and the Bungah Block of 2 0.17 -0.53 0.28 -0.73 0.2327 0.2222 0.0105
the Southern part. Where indicated by the difference of 3 0.27 -0.43 0.18 -0.59 0.2776 0.3333 0.0557
environment sedimentation during the occurrence. 4 0.44 -0.26 0.07 -0.36 0.3594 0.4444 0.0850
5 0.50 -0.20 0.04 -0.27 0.3936 0.5556 0.1620
6 0.62 -0.08 0.01 -0.11 0.4562 0.6667 0.2105
7 0.72 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.5120 0.7778 0.2658
8 0.93 0.24 0.06 0.33 0.6293 0.8889 0.2596
9 2.50 1.80 3.23 2.49 0.9936 1.0000 0.0064
Blok Sidayu : L0 0.2658
L (=0.05) 0.271
L0 < L at alpha 5%, therefore, the distribution of data is
normal referring to the data distribution of Sand Shale Ratio
which shows anomaly, therefore, to conduct comparison test
of both Blocks (Sidayu and Bungah), the Mann Whitney U
Test was used (See table 5)

Table 5: Mann - Whitney U Test

DATA RANK
SOUTH NORTH SOUTH NORTH
0.56 12 6 10
1 0.5 13 4
1.36 0.93 16 7
0.13 3.86 2 9
1 .43 0.44 17 3
1.04 0.72 14 6
0.33 2.5 4.5 8
0.93 0.13 12 1
0.67 0.17 7 2
Figure 6: Superimpose Map of isopach map with sand sahe 8.21 0.62 21 5
0.33 4.5
ratio map
0.82 2.187 10 5.5
3.13 20
3.4 Statistical Test 0.83 11
0.76 8.5
Based on statistical test of Lilliefors method to see the data 0.76 8.5
distribution on two populations of Sidayu Block (North) and 1.67 18
Bungah Block (South) it shows that there is different data 0.17 3
population on both sides. (See table 3 and 4). 1.96 19
1.33 15
Table 3: Distribution Test on North Block (Sidayu) 0 1
No xi xi-x (xi-x)2 zi F(zi) S(zi) |F(zi)-S(zi)| 1.30571
11
1 0.13 -2.06 4.23 -0.56 0.2877 0.1000 0.1877 4
2 0.17 -2.02 4.07 -0.55 0.2912 0.2000 0.0912
3 0.44 -1.75 3.05 -0.48 0.3156 0.3000 0.0156
The result of calculation shows.
4 0.50 -1.69 2.85 -0.46 0.3228 0.4000 0.0772 Where : Zcalculated : 6.5288
5 0.62 -1.57 2.46 -0.43 0.3336 0.5000 0.1664 Ztable : 1.96
6 0.72 -1.47 2.15 -0.40 0.3446 0.6000 0.2554 H0 : there is no difference between the process in Sidayu
7 0.93 -1.25 1.57 -0.34 0.3669 0.7000 0.3331 (North) and Bungah (South) Blocks.
8 2.50 0.31 0.09 0.08 0.5319 0.8000 0.2681 H1 : There is a difference on the process between Sidayu
9 3.86 1.67 2.80 0.46 0.6772 0.9000 0.2228
(North) and Bungah (South) Blocks.
10 12.00 9.81 96.30 2.69 0.9964 1.0000 0.0036
Due to Zcalculated is greater the Ztable
6.5288 > 1.96
Average 2.19 Lo 0.3331 Therefore, H0 has been rejected
SD 3.64 L (a=0.05) 0.2580 H1 accepted

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Paper ID: SUB152786 234
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
Geologically, it could be interpreted that Sidayu Block [10] Walker, R.G. dan James. N.P, Preface. In: A.D. Miall
Bunga Block different depositional environment which has dan N.P. Jones (eds.), Facies models response to sea
been influenced by the different process during the level change. Geological Association of Canada, 1992.
sedimentation. Sidayu Block more marine influence [11] Hirnawan, F, Riset, Bergulirlah Proses Ilmiah, Unpad
sedimentation than in Bungah Block Press, Bandung, 2009.
[12] Sudjana, Metoda Statistik, Tarsilo, Bandung, 2013.
4. Conclusions [13] Sugiono, Statistika untuk Penelitian, Alfabeta, Bandung,
2014.
Based on the data obtain from the Sidayu Block (North)
and the Bungah (South) and the comparative test can be Author Profile
concluded that there is obviously different sand shale ratio
in the Sidayu Block (North) and the Bungah Block R. M. Riza Atmadibrata did Bachelor of Geology,
(South). Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia in 1981
and in 1983, Graduated of Faculty of Geology
Probably, due to the different environment sedimentation
(Engineer), Padjadjaran University, Bandung,
process of the Sidayu Block (North) and the Bungah Block Indonesia. 1984 1986, he worked as Exploration
(South) on the Gresik plain, East Java, Indonesia. Geologist, Mobil Oil Indonesia, Inc. 1986 1994, Senior Reservoir
Geologist, Reservoir Management Mobil Oil Indonesia, Inc.
5. Recommendation Perform duty as Wellsite Coordinator of the Arun Gas field, Aceh
According to the research which has been conducted, it is North Sumatra. 1994 1996, Sr. Regional Geologist, Mobil Oil
Indonesia, Inc. Provide support and advice on regional issues to the
recommended:
Vice President of Geoscience Mobil Oil Indonesia, Inc. Currently,
To elaborate the structural geology which controls the being studied at Padjadjaran University, Post Graduate Programme
process of sedimentation on the Northern Block (Sidayu) of Geosciences Faculty of Geological Engineering
and the Southern Block (Bungah).
It is required to run the carbon isotope measurements for Nana Sulaksana, he is Lector on remote sensing
dating on the next well activity. and geomorphology in Faculty of Engineering
Geology, University of Padjadjaran. He is
References interested for research in morpho-tectonics,
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Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University
Jawa berskala 1:100.000. Pusat Penelitian dan
Padjadjaran, Bandung in 1980; Master of Science
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dalam Kajian Tektonik, Fluktuasi Muka Laut dan University of Padjadjaran in 2014. Now, he is working as a lecture
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