Professional Documents
Culture Documents
169–174
a
Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill UniÕersity, 3610 UniÕersity Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2
b
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Macdonald Campus of McGill UniÕersity, Ste. Anne de BelleÕue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
Received 2 June 1998; received in revised form 10 November 1998
Abstract
A novel Rotating Jet Annular Spouted Bed ŽRJASB. dryer was developed for drying of particulates in the falling rate period. This
gas-particle contactor consists of one rotating spouting air jet in the annular region of a cylindrical vessel. Effects of the spouting jet
rotational speed, bed height, and nozzle diameter as well as particle size, shape and density on the minimum spouting velocity as well as
peak and steady spouting pressure drops were determined experimentally and correlated empirically. q 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All
rights reserved.
0032-5910r99r$ - see front matter q 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
PII: S 0 0 3 2 - 5 9 1 0 Ž 9 8 . 0 0 2 3 1 - 9
170 S. DeÕahastin et al.r Powder Technology 103 (1999) 169–174
Table 2
Physical properties of bed particles used in the experiments
Material rs rb Ar Ž – . Ut a ´ b Ž–.
Žkg my3 . Žkg my3 . Žm sy1 .
Polystyrene 1026.1 584.7 7.33=10 5 6.24 0.430
Wheat Žrewetted. 1182.0 719.1 6.90=10 5 5.34 0.392
Wheat Ždried. 1233.6 779.3 8.41=10 5 5.41 0.368
Corn 1227.5 764.6 8.52=10 6 8.53 0.377
a
Calculated values w8x.
b
´ s1yŽ r b r rs . w7x.
Table 1
Dimensions of particles used in the experiments
a Ž b
Material L Žmm. B Žmm. Z Žmm. Dpe mm. Dpgm Žmm. Dpc Žmm. f d Ž–.
Polystyrene 3.331 3.004 2.296 3.527 2.842 3.009 0.853
Wheat Žrewetted. 5.863 3.056 2.639 4.486 3.616 2.763 0.616
Wheat Ždried. 5.295 3.158 2.732 4.435 3.575 2.994 0.675
Corn 10.567 7.985 4.770 9.160 7.383 6.400 0.698
a
Equivalent spherical diameter.
b
Geometric particle diameters Ž L = B = Z .1r 3 w7x.
c
Effective particle diameters Dpe = f w7x.
d
Sphericitys Dpgm rL w7x.
S. DeÕahastin et al.r Powder Technology 103 (1999) 169–174 171
replicates were made of randomly selected experiments. ing jet has great influence on the onset of spouting; it
From these tests, the reproducibility values for Ums , D PS , lowers the peak pressure drop values by about 30% as
D P M were within "6.0%, 8.2% and 12.8%, respectively. compared to stationary spouting. This can be ascribed to
The relatively high nonreproducibility in D P M is related the pulsating action within the bed, which loosens the
to the fact that the peak pressure drop is bed history-depen- packed structure and hence facilitates spout development.
dent w9x. Observations from these two figures show that, as the
rotational speed of the spout is increased, the air flowrate
required to maintain the minimum spouting condition in-
3. Results and discussion creases since the spout has a higher angular velocity
component at a higher rotational speed, and hence deviates
3.1. Spouting features more from the vertical as rotational speed increases. Since
only the vertical velocity component sustains the spout by
Fig. 2a,b shows typical plots of D P bed versus Un for offsetting the gravitational effect a higher air flowrate is
rewetted wheat particles for N s 0 and 5 rpm, respectively. needed at higher rotational speeds.
The plots also show the reverse process, i.e., the collapse
of spout on decreasing the gas flowrate. Both superficial 3.2. Empirical correlations
and jet velocities are indicated, since the latter governs the
spouting phenomenon. These data reveal that the spouting
Using the Buckingham theorem w10x, multiple nonlinear
features of the RJASB are similar to those observed in a
regression analysis for evaluation of the correlation coeffi-
conventional spouted bed. However, rotation of the spout-
cients based on the Marquardt–Lavenberg method was
performed using the SigmaPlot 1.02’s Curve Fitter. The
following empirical correlations for the dimensionless min-
imum spouting velocity, peak and steady spouting pressure
drops were obtained:
2.5540 y1.5930
H Dn
Re msno s 0.2448
ž / ž /
Dce Dce
Ar 0.5502 ;
R 2 s 0.986 Ž 4.
0.8196 y0.8316
H Dn
Re msn s 2.0950
ž / ž /
Dce Dce
0.1421
Vu
=Ar
ž /
0.5267
Ut
; R 2s0.988 Ž 5.
0.6139 0.2804
D PM H Dn
r b gH
s 2.3140
ž / ž /
Dce Dce
Ar 0.0450 ;
R 2 s 0.938 Ž 6.
0.7199 0.2827
D PS H Dn
r b gH
s 0.7513
ž / ž /
Dce Dce
Ar 0.1075 ;
R 2 s 0.978 Ž 7.
where
Vu s 2p RNr60 Ž 8.
Forty-five data points were used for each measured vari-
able in order to generate these correlations which are valid
Fig. 2. Ža. Spouting characteristics for rewetted wheat particles, H s15 over the following ranges: HrDce s 0.250–0.500; DnrDce
cm, Dn s 3 cm, N s 0 rpm. ŽA. peak pressure drop; ŽB. onset of s 0.050–0.075; Ar s 7.33 = 10 5 –8.52 = 10 6 ; VurUt s
spouting; ŽC. minimum spouting condition; ŽD. spout collapse. Žb. Spout-
ing characteristics for rewetted wheat particles, H s15 cm, Dn s 3 cm,
0.003–0.033. These correlations should be applicable also
N s 5 rpm. ŽA. peak pressure drop; ŽB. onset of spouting; ŽC. minimum for RJASB devices using multiple spouts, provided the
spouting condition; ŽD. spout collapse. spouts do not interact in the bed.
172 S. DeÕahastin et al.r Powder Technology 103 (1999) 169–174
4. Conclusions
A novel Rotating Jet Annular Spouted Bed ŽRJASB.
was developed for drying Geldart’s Class D particles in the
falling rate period. Empirical correlations are given to
predict the values of the key hydrodynamic parameters for
the purpose of design and scale-up.
5. List of symbols
B breadth Žm.
Dce equivalent cylindrical column diameter Žm.
Dcf fictitious column diameter Žm.
Dn nozzle diameter Žm.
Dp effective particle diameter Žm.
Dpe equivalent spherical diameter Žm.
Dpgm geometric particle diameter Žm.
g gravitational constant Žm sy2 .
H static bed height Žm.
L length Žm.
N rotational speed of the spout Žrpm.
D P bed bed pressure drop ŽkPa.
D Pemp empty vessel pressure drop ŽkPa.
D PM peak pressure drop ŽkPa.
D PS steady spouting pressure drop ŽkPa.
D Ptot total pressure drop ŽkPa.
Q ms total gas flowrate Žm3 sy1 .
R radial distance from center of the bed Žm.
R2 coefficient of determination Ž – .
Uce column superficial velocity Žm sy1 .
Umsce superficial minimum spouting velocity Žm sy1 .
Umsn nozzle minimum spouting velocity Žm sy1 .
Fig. 6. Ža. Effect of spouting nozzle diameter on Re ms ce , Hr Dce s 0.375.
ŽCircles: experiments with dried wheat, Ar s8.41=10 5 ; Squares: experi-
Ut particle terminal velocity Žm sy1 .
ments with corn, Ar s8.52=10 6 .. Žb. Effect of spouting nozzle diameter Vu circumferential velocity of the air nozzle Žm sy1 .
on Re msn , Hr Dce s 0.375. ŽCircles: experiments with dried wheat, Ar s Z thickness Žm.
8.41=10 5 ; Squares: experiments with corn, Ar s8.52=10 6 ..
Greek letters
´ voidage Ž – .
mg fluid viscosity Žkg my1 sy1 .
ing velocity on the nozzle diameter rather than the column rb bulk density Žkg my3 .
diameter. rg fluid density Žkg my3 .
Multiple nonlinear regression analysis of the experimen- rs particle density Žkg my3 .
tal results of Mathur and Gishler w14x leads to the follow- f sphericity Ž – .
ing expression: Subscripts and superscripts
Dp
1.045
Dn
y0 .191
2 gH Ž rs y rg .
0.500 c column
Umsn s 74.77
ž / ž / ž
Dc Dc rg / ce
n
equivalent cylindrical column
nozzle
Ž 9. ms minimum spouting condition
msce equivalent column minimum spouting condition
Rearranging for Dc and denoting it as Dcf yields: msn nozzle minimum spouting condition
0.585 msno stationary
Dp1.223 2 gH Ž rs y rg .
Dcf s 156.36
Dn0.223Umsn
1.170 ž rg / Ž 10 . M
S
peak
steady
This correlation should be employed to replace the Dimensionless groups
vessel diameter in calculations of convective transfer coef- Ar Archimedes number, w Dp3 rg Ž rs y rg . g xrmg2
ficients in the RJASB. Re Reynolds number, Dp Urgrmg
174 S. DeÕahastin et al.r Powder Technology 103 (1999) 169–174