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TIEMPOS VERBALES

Cambios de los tiempos verbales en el Reported Specch. El verbo principal retrocede un tiempo
verbal: si en directo tenemos: "I live in Italy". She said. En reported speech: "She said that she lived
in Italy".

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH


Present Past
I work in Argentina He said that he worked in Argentina
I am doing my job He said that he was doing his job
Past Past Perfect
We saw a good film on TV He said they had seen a good film on TV.
I was dancing with Mary He said he had been dancing with Mary
Present Perfect Past Perfect
I have done this before She said that she had done that before
I have been doing this for two years He said that he had been doing that for two years
Future Conditional
I will visit my mother He said that he would visit his mother
I will be flying to Spain He said that he would be flying to Spain
Future Perfect Conditional Perfect
I will have arrived there by 5 pm He said he would have arrived here by 5 pm
I will have been selling books for two He said that he would have been selling books for two
years years

Present Past
-John: "I work in Argentina"//He said that he worked in Argentina
John: "Yo trabajo en Argentina"//El dijo que trabajaba en Argentina
-Kelly: "I don't like fish"//She said she didn't like fish
Kelly: "No me gusta el pescado"//Ella dijo que no le gustaba el pescado
-Joe: "I am doing my job"//He said that he was doing his job
Joe: "Estoy haciendo mi trabajo"//El dijo que estaba haciendo su trabajo
-Pam and Tim: "We are living in New York"//They said that they were living in New York
Pam y Tim: "Estamos viviendo en Nueva York"//Ellos dijeron que estaban viviendo en Nueva York
Past Past Perfect
-Dan: "We saw a good film on TV"//He said that they had seen a good film on TV
Dan: "Vimos una buena pelcula en la televisin"//El dijo que haban visto una buena pel en la tv
-Lou and Sarah: "We didn't read 'Hamlet'//"They said that they hadn't read 'Hamlet'
Lou y Sarah: "No lemos 'Hamlet'//"Ellos dijeron que no haban ledo 'Hamlet'
-Chuck: "I was dancing with Mary"//He said that he had been dancing with Mary
Chuck: "Estaba bailando con Mary"//El dijo que haba estado bailando con Mary
-Rick and Amy: "We weren't looking for Tom"//They said that they hadn't been looking for Tom
Rick y Amy: "No estbamos buscando a Tom"//Ellos dijeron que no haban estado buscando a Tom
Present Perfect Past Perfect
-Kim: "I have done this before"//She said that she had done that before
Kim: "He hecho esto antes"//Ella dijo que haba hecho eso antes
-Nick: "I haven't heard from Dean"//He said that he hadn't heard from Dean
Nick: "No he sabido nada de Dean"//El dijo que no haba sabido nada de Dean
-Chris: "I have been doing this for two years"//He said that he had been doing that for two years
Chris: "He estado haciendo esto por dos aos"//El dijo que haba estado haciendo eso por dos aos
-Kate: "I have been living here for 5 months"//-She said that she had been living there for 5 months
Kate: "He estado viviendo aqu por 5 meses"//Ella dijo que haba estado viviendo all por 5 meses
Future Conditional
-Tom: "I will visit my mother"//He said that he would visit his mother
Tom: "Visitar a mi madre"//el dijo que visitara a su madre
-Mark: "I won't listen to you"//He said that he wouldn't listen to me
Mark: "No te escuchar"//El dijo que no me escuchara
-Phil: "I will be flying to Spain"//He said that he would be flying to Spain
Phil: "Estar volando a Espaa"//El dijo que estara volando a Espaa
-Walt: "I will be staying at a good hotel"//He said that he would be staying at a good hotel
Walt: "Me estar hospedando en un buen hotel"//El dijo que se estara hospedando en un buen hotel
Future Perfect Conditional Perfect
-Jim: "I will have arrived there by 5 pm"//He said that he would have arrived there by 5 pm
Jim: "Para las 5 pm habr llegado all"//El dijo que habra llegado all para las 5 pm
-Bob: "I will have sent all the products by tomorrow"//He said that the would have sent all the products by
tomorrow
Bob: "Habr enviado todos los productos para maana"//El dijo que habra enviado todos los productos para
maana
-Sam: "I will have been selling books for two years"//He said that he would have been selling books for two
years
Sam: "Habr estado vendiendo libros por dos aos"//El dijo que habra estado vendiendo libros por dos aos
-Cindy: "He will have been sleeping for 13 hours"//She said that he would have been sleeping
for 13 hours
Cindy: "El habr estado durmiendo por 13 horas"//Ella dijo que l habra estado durmiendo por 13
horas
VERBOS MODALES
Al pasar del Direct Speech al Reported speech se producen cambios de verbos modales en la
oracin, por ejemplo: They -will- help you. Pasa a: She said that they -would- help me. Aqu hay
ms ejemplos para entender su funcionamiento.

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH


Can Could
I can stay here until Sunday He said he could stay there until Sunday
Will Would
I will stay here! He said that he would stay there
Must Had to
I must work everyday He said he had to work everyday
Can Could
-Peter: "I can stay here until Sunday"//He said that he could stay there until sunday
Peter: "Puedo quedarme aqu hasta el domingo"//l dijo que poda quedarse all hasta el domingo
-Tommy: "He can't come with us"//The boy said that he couldn't go with them
Tommy: "l no puede venir con nosotros"//El chico dijo que no poda ir con ellos.
Will Would
-Chris: "I will stay here!"//He said that he would stay there
Chris: "Me quedar aqu!"//l dijo que se quedara all
-Kelly: "My dad won't let me go to the party"//She said that her father wouldn't let her go to
the party
Kelly: "Mi pap no me dejar ir a la fiesta"//Ella dijo que su padre no la dejara ir a la fiesta
Must Had to
-Harry: "I must work everyday"//He said he had to work everyday
Harry: "Debo trabajar todos los das"//l dijo que deba trabajar todos los das
-Manager: "You must not push this button"//The manager said I was not to push the button
Gerente: "No deben presionar este botn"//El gerente dijo que no deba presionar el botn

ADVERBIOS
Los adverbios tanto de tiempo como espacio tambin se modifican al pasar a reported speech:
today/ yesterday, this week/ that week, here/ there. Aqu encontrars algunos ejemplos de su uso.

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH


now then, at that moment
today that day
tonight that night
last night the previous night, the night before
tomorrow the next day, the following day
yesterday the previous day, the day before
this week that week
next week the following week, the week after
last year the previous year, the year before
here there

Now then, at that moment// Today that day


-Hank: "I don't want to leave now"//He said he didn't want to leave then
Hank: "No me quiero ir ahora"//l dijo que no quera irse entonces
-Carrie: "Sam is coming to visit us today"//She said that Sam was going to visit them that day
Carrie: "Sam viene hoy a visitarnos"//Ella dijo que Sam iba a ir a visitarlos ese da
Tonight that night// Last night the previous night, the night before
-Alex: "Pat and Joe are coming to dinner tonight"//He said that Pat and Joe were going to
dinner that night
Alex: Pat y Joe vienen esta noche a cenar"//l dijo que Pat y Joe venan esa noche a cenar
-Sean: "I couldn't sleep last night"//He said that he couldn't sleep the previous night
Sean: "Anoche no pude dormir"//l dijo que no haba podido dormir la noche anterior
-Jack: "I didn't go to the party last night"//He said that he hadn't gone to the party the night
before
Jack: "No fui a la fiesta anoche"//l dijo que no haba ido a la fiesta la noche anterior
Tomorrow the next day, the following day// Yesterday the previous day, the day before
-Mary and Helen: "We're going to New York tomorrow"//They said thay were going to New
York the following day
Mary y Helen: "Maana nos vamos a Nueva York"//Ellas dijeron que se iban a Nueva York el da
siguiente
-Steve: "I went to see a very good film yesterday"//He said he had gone to see a very good film
the day before
Steve: "Ayer fui a ver una pelcula muy buena"//l dijo que haba ido a ver una pelcula muy buena
el da anterior
This week that week// Next week the following week, the week after
-Mrs. Johnson: "The children have a lot of tests this week"// Mrs. Johnson said the children
had a lot of tests that week
Sra. Johnson: "Los nios tienen un montn de pruebas esta semana"//La seora Johnson dijo que los
nios tenan un montn de pruebas esa semana
-Ned: "I'm going on holiday next week"//He said that he was going on holiday the following week
Ned: "La semana que viene me voy de vacaciones"//l dijo que la semana siguiente se iba de
vacaciones
Last year the previous year, the year before// Here there
-Alice: "Paul and Mary got married last year"//She said that Paul and Mary had got married
the previous year
Alice: "Paul y Mary se casaron el ao pasado"//Ella dijo que Paul y Mary se haban casado el ao
anterior
-Sue: "Larry left the letter here"// Sue said that Larry had left the letter there
Sue: "Larry dej la carta aqu"//Sue dijo que Larry haba dejado la carta all

PREGUNTAS
En las preguntas pasamos de pregunta directa a indirecta. Where do they sell the tickets?, pasa a ser:
He asked where they sold the tickets. Aqu hay ms ejemplos con traducciones.

Direct Speech Reported Speech


"What are you looking for?" He asked what I was looking for
"Where can we go tonight?" She asked where they could go that night
"When did they go to India?" He asked when they had gone to India
"Who told you that?" He asked me who had told me that
"How old are the twins?" He asked how old the twins were
"Why did Carla leave so early?" He asked why Carla had left so early
"Which skirt did you choose?" She asked me which skirt I had chosen
Whose dog is missing?" He asked whose dog was missing
Yes-no questions
"Are these your glasses?" He asked me if those were my glasses
"Isn't that Jen's boyfriend?" She asked me if that wasn't Jen's boyfriend
What//Where
-John: "What are you looking for?"//He asked me what I was looking for
John: "Qu ests buscando?"//l me pregunt qu estaba buscando
-Mary: "Where can we go tonight?"//She asked where they could go that night
Mary: "Adnde podemos ir esta noche?"//Ella pregunt adnde podan ir esa noche
When// Who
-Peter: "When does Daniel arrive?"//He asked when Daniel arrived
Peter: "Cundo llega Daniel?"//l pregunt cundo llegaba Daniel
-Tom: "Who can help me with this?"//He asked who could help him with that
Tom: "Quin me puede ayudar con esto?"//l pregunt quin lo poda ayudar con eso
How//Why
-Bob: "How old are the twins?"//He asked how old the twins were
Bob: "Qu edad tienen los mellizos?"//l pregunt qu edad tenan los mellizos
Joe: "Why are they screaming?"//He asked why they were screaming
Joe: "Por qu estn gritando?"//l pregunt por qu estaban gritando
Which//Whose
-Kim: "Which skirt did you choose?"//She asked me which skirt I had chosen
Kim: "Cul falda elegiste?"//Ella me pregunt cul falda haba elegido
-Jack: "Whose dog is missing?"//He asked whose dog was missing
Jack: "El perro de quin se perdi?"//l pregunt el perro de quin se haba perdido
Yes-no questions
-Sally: "Isn't that Jen's boyfriend?"//She asked me if that wasn't Jen's boyfriend
Sally: "se no es el novio de Jen?"//Ella me pregunt si se no era el novio de Jen
-Mark: "Do you need any help?"//He asked me if I needed any help
Mark: "Necesitas ayuda?"//l me pregunt si necesitaba ayud
-Carol: "Have you read the news?"//She asked me if I had read the news
Carol: "Leste las noticias?"//Ella me pregunt si haba ledo las noticias

Pronombres personales I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

Pronombres acusativos me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

Adjetivos posesivos my, your, his her, its, our, your, their

Pronombres posesivos mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs

REPORTING VERBS
VERB FORM EXAMPLE
1 explain verb+that clause The police officer explained that the burglar had
declare come in through the window
2 apologize verb+gerund Jack apologized for breaking the glass
(for)
3 invite verb+object+to+infinitive Sam invited Clara to have dinner with him
order
4 offer verb+to+infinite She offered to buy him a drink
ADVERBS OF MANNER
Utilizamos estos adverbios cuando queremos expresar la manera en que se realiza una accin. En
general se forman agregando "ly" al final del adjetivo.
La mayora terminan en 'ly' que equivale a la terminacin 'mente' n castellano. Generalmente
derivan de adjetivos

Adjetivo
Adverbio
slow- lento slowly- lentamente
easy- fcil easily- fcilmente
careful- cuidadoso carefully- cuidadosamente
simple- simple simply- simplemente
happy- feliz happily- felizmente
natural- natural naturally- naturalmente

Tambin hay excepciones a esta regla:

Adjetivo
Adverbio
good- bueno well- bien
fast- rpido fast- rpidamente
hard- duro hard- duramente

Ms ejemplos con adverbios y sus opuestos:

Adverbio
Adverbio Opuesto
well- bien, adecuadamente badly- mal, de mala manera
better- mejor worse- peor
together- juntos separately- separadamente
carefully- cuidadosamente carelessly- descuidadamente
right- correctamente wrong- incorrectamente

VOCABULARY
-boot camp : campo de entrenamiento -arrest: detener
-burglar: ladrn, ladrona -burgle: robar
-burglary:robo(en una casa) -kidnap: secuestrar
-curfew: toque de queda -murder: asesinar
-judge: juez/jueza -rob: robar
-kidnapper: secuestrador, secuestradora -shoplift: robar(en una tienda)
-kidnapping: secuestro -steal: robar
-murder: asesinato -vandalize: causar destrozos
-murderer: asesino, asesina -break into: entrar a ( robar)
-punishment: castigo -end up: acabar
-robber : ladrn, ladrona -get away: escaparse
-robbery: robo -look into: investigar
-shoplifting: robo( en una tienda) -own up to: reconocer
-shoplifter: ladrn, ladrona ( en una tienda) -pay for: pagar por
-theft: robo
-thief: ladrn, ladrona
-vandal: vndalo,vndala
-vandalism: vandalismo

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