Chapter 1 - Tutorial Questions

1. A flywheel with a moment of inertia of 2.5 kg m2 is initially at rest. If a torque of 5

Nm (counterclockwise) is suddenly applied to the flywheel, what will be the speed
of the flywheel after 5 s? Express that speed in both radians per second and
revolutions per minute.

2. A motor is supplying 60 Nm of torque to its load. If the motors shaft is turning at

1500 r/min, what is the mechanical power supplied to the load in watts?

3. A magnetic circuit with a single air gap is shown in Figure 1. The core cross-
sectional area A is 1.8x10-3 m2, the mean core length lc is 0.6m, the air gap length g
is 2.5mm and the number of turns of the conductor N is 90. Assume that the core is
of infinite permeability (m ) and neglect the effects of fringing fields at the
airgap.

N turns

air gap

Figure 1

(a) Calculate the reluctance of the core c and that of the air gap g .
(b) For a current of 1.5A, calculate the total flux f.

4. Repeat question 3 for a core with a relative permeability mr of 2000.

5. A two-legged core is shown in Figure 2. The winding on the left leg of the core
(N1) has 400 turns, and the winding on the right (N2) has 300 turns. The coils are
wound in the directions shown in the figure. If the dimensions are as shown, then
what flux would be produced by:

(a) currents i1 = 0.5 A and i2 = 0 A? Assume = 1000 and constant.

(b) currents i1 = 0.5 A and i2 = 0.75 A? Assume = 1000 and constant.

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 Figure 2

6. A ferromagnetic core with a relative permeability of 2000 is shown in Figure 3.

The dimensions are as shown in the diagram, and the depth of the core is 7 cm.
The air gaps on the left and right sides of the core are 0.070 and 0.020 cm,
respectively. Because of fringing effects, the effective area of the air gaps is 5
percent larger than their physical size. If there are 400 turns in the coil wrapped
around the centre leg of the core and if the current in the coil is 1.5 A, what is the
flux in each of the left, centre, and right legs of t he core? What is the flux density
in each air gap?

Figure 3

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7. A wire shown in Figure 4 is carrying 5.0A in the presence of a magnetic field.
Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force induced on the wire.

Figure 4 Figure 5

8. The wire shown in Figure 5 is moving in the presence of a magnetic field. With
the information given in the figure, determine the magnitude and direction of the
induced voltage in the wire.

Figure 6

9. Repeat question 8 for the wire in Figure 6.

10. A two-legged core is shown in Figure 7. The winding on the left leg of the core
(N1) has 400 turns, and the winding on the right (N2) has 300 turns. The coils are
wound in the directions shown in the figure. The core shown in Figure 4 is made
of steel whose magnetization curve is shown in Figure 8. How much flux is
produced in the core by the currents i1 = 0.5 A and i2 = 0.75 A? What is the
relative permeability of this core under these conditions?

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 Core depth
= 15cm
Figure 7

Figure 8

11. A two-legged magnetic core with an air gap is shown in Figure 9. The depth of
the core is 5 cm, the length of the air gap in the core is 0.06 cm, and the number of
turns on the coil is 1000. The magnetization curve of the core material is shown
in Figure 8. Assume a 7 percent increase in effective air-gap area to account for
fringing. How much current is required to produce an air-gap flux density of 0.6

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 T? What are the flux densities of the four sides of the core at that current? What
is the total flux present in the air gap?

Figure 9

12. A linear machine shown in Figure 10 has a magnetic flux density of 0.5 T directed
into the page, a resistance of 0.25W, a bar length l = 1.0 m, and a battery voltage
of 100 V.
(a) What is the initial force on the bar at starting? What is the initial current
flow?
(b) What is the no-load steady-state speed of the bar?
(c) If the bar is loaded with a force of 25 N opposite to the direction of motion,
what is the new steady-state speed? What is the efficiency of the machine
under these circumstances?
Pout
(Hint: Effciency, h = 100% )
Pin
R=

Figure 10

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13. The linear DC machine of Figure 10 has been modified to have the following
characteristics:
Flux density, B = 5T out of the page
Resistance, R = 0.5 W
Battery voltage, VB = 150V

Note: the bar length is maintained at 1m.

(a) If this bar has a load of 10N attached to it opposite to the direction of
motion, what is the steady state speed of the bar?
(b) If the bar runs into a region where the flux density falls to 4T, what
happens to the bar? What is the final steady state speed of the bar?
(c) If circuit resistance is increased to 1W, with everything else running as
in part (b), what is the final steady state speed of the bar?
(d) Suppose VB is further increased to 175V, with everything else running
as in part (b), what is the new steady state speed of the bar?