Project Report On:

First Law of Thermodynamics

Submitted By-: Submitted To-

(PRAKHAR GUPTA) (MR. BALKRISHAN SHARMA)
 Table of Contents

S.no Topic Page no.

1 Abstract i

2 Acknowledgement ii

3 Certificate iii

4 Chapter-1(Introduction) 1

5 Chapter-2(Principle) 2

6 Chapter-3(Working) 3

7 Chapter-4(Construction) 4-5

8 Conclusion 6

9 References 7
 Abstract

The First Law of Thermodynamics is the law of conservation of Energy; energy is neither

created nor destroyed. It can occur in different forms such as Thermal or electrical energy

and can be converted between these forms. Since matter and energy are intra-convertible,

matter itself might be considered energy. For most situations, however, the energy

converted from matter is negligible and is ignored.

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 Acknowledgement

This research was supported by our respected Physics Teacher MR. BALKRISHAN

SHARMA. I thank my friends and my teachers who provided their help and expertise

that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all of the

interpretations/conclusions of this project work.

I thank our physics teacher as well as the lab incharge for assistance and guidance as

provided by him.

I would also like to show my gratitude towards Madam Principal

DR. SUNITA VASISHTHA for giving me such a great valuable, interesting and

knowledgeable project.

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 Certificate

I hereby declare that the all work in the project entitled First Law of

Thermodynamics is carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of MR.

BALKRISHAN SHARMA

( )

PRAKHAR GUPTA

XI-A

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 Chapter-1
Introduction

This model is based on First Law of Thermodynamics according to which energy is fully

conserved but not in one medium as it can be transferred from one form to another. Here

the chemical (heat) energy from candlewick is used to heat the water inside the copper

tube which then gets converted into steam and thus the boat moves. And finally the

chemical energy gets converted into mechanical energy which makes the boat move.

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 Chapter-2
PRINCIPLE

It simply follows the law of conservation of energy applied to any system in which

energy transfer (in the form of heat or work) is taken into consideration.

It simply follows the principle of First law of thermodynamics according to which if

some heat is supplied to a system which is capable of doing work, then the quantity of

heat absorbed by the system will be equal to the sum of the increase in its internal energy

and the external work done by the system i.e.

Q= U+ W

Where Q represents change in heat applied,

U represents change in internal energy,

And W represents change in work done.

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 Chapter-3
Working

Here first law of Thermodynamics is followed, which states energy in the universe is

constant, it can neither be created nor be destroyed, it can only transform from one form

to another and

Q= U + W

Here first chemical energy in the form of heat from candle gets converted into thermal

energy when water inside the copper tube is heated and then converted into mechanical

energy. When the steam propels the boat goes forward.

This is an endothermic process as heat is absorbed by the system so work is done by the

system.

As a result the Internal energy of the system increases thus the boat moves

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 CHAPTER-4

Materials Required:
1. Copper pipe

2. Thermocol

3. Copper wires

4. Wrapping plastic

5. Chart paper

6. Candles

7. Syringe

Steps of construction:

1. Shaping of copper tube

Firstly take the copper tube about 5 feet long. Roll the copper tube around a circular

object to form a coil. Now take the two ends and after leaving some distance bent it

down. Repeat this step again but this time bent it in horizontal direction. It should take a

S-shaped tube.

2. Making structure of boat out of thermocol

Take a thick thermacol and cut it in the shape of a laundry iron. Make it attractive

according to your wish.

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3. Covering up the copper pipe

Now take the wrapping plastic and cover both the sides of the copper tube starting from

one bend to the other. Fix the plastic on it by tying it with the help of a copper wire and

wound the wire very tightly.

4. Placing the pipe in proper arrangement

Now take rectangular piece of thermocol having length equal to the width of the boat.

Make two cavities it of such a size that the copper tube arrangement can be placed in it.

Now place the copper tube arrangement in the thermocol piece. Now to fix it there wound

the whole area of the dent in which the pipe is placed with copper wires tightly such that

it does not move from there.

5. Fitting the pipe setup in the boat

Take the pipe-thermocol setup and place it on the boat in such a way that the copper pipe

coil and the bending of the pipe do not touch the boat. Now attach this setup on the boat.

Take care that it is pasted tightly and the coil and bending do not touch the boat.

6. Placing the candles and putting the setup in water

Now place two candles each below the two sides of the coil so that when they are lit the

pipe gets proper heat from them. Now place the boat in water such that the ends of the

pipe are well immersed in water. Now lit up the candles and wait for few moments the

boat will start moving.

YOUR STEAM BOAT IS READY.

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 Chapter-5
Conclusion

This model is a solid proof of First Law of Thermodynamics. One is easily able to

interpret the results of First Law of Thermodynamics. Here First Law of

Thermodynamics is easily verified as initially heat energy was supplied to the system

which finally gets converted to the mechanical energy.

So at the last we can conclude that each and every particle in the universe obeys law of

conservation of energy i.e. first Law of Thermodynamics

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 References

1. MR. BALKRISHAN SHARMA

2. MR. AMIT SHARMA

3. YouTube & Internet

4. NCERT- Part II

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