Chapter 2 Outline

Transplantations and Borderlands

I. The Early Chesapeake

1) What two companies were issued charters to start colonies?
London and Plymouth.
A. The Founding of Jamestown
1) What were the problems with the location of Jamestown?
It was low, swampy, hot and humid which led to outbreaks of malaria.
2) Outbreaks of malaria were caused by the location.
3) Who led the local Indians near Jamestown?
Powhatan.
4) What allowed diseases like malaria to debilitate the colony?
The colonists had no prior exposure therefore no resistance.
5) What were colonists spending most of their time doing?
They began spending most of their time searching for gold.
6) Why was agriculture low on their priorities?
They wrongly assumed the Indians would supply them with it.
7) Who was missing in Jamestown? What problem did this create?
No women were there, it caused domestic households to not be lived.
8) What factors led to the colony being a community without means to sustain
itself?
Greed and inability to be rooted in the commumity.
9) How many colonists were left by 1608?
Thirty-eight.
10) How did John Smith save Jamestown?
He imposed work and organized raids to steal food.
B. Reorganization
1) How did poorer people gain free passage to Virginia?
They had to server for seven years.
2) How many people headed for Virginia in 1609? How successful was this
voyage?
Six hundred people. The voyage was not very successful as one ship was lost
and another ran aground.
3) Why did the Indians become hostile and barricade the colonists within their
palisade?
Due to John Smiths raids on their supplies.
4) What is this period referred to as?

5) Who was the new governor? What did he impose?

Lord De La Warr, he imposed harsh rules and work on the people and with
that harsh punishment to keep everyone in line.
6) What marketable crop helped salvage the economy of Jamestown?
Tobacco.
C. Tobacco
 1) Did King James support the purchase and use of tobacco?
No.
2) John Rolfe experimented with a strain of tobacco and supplied in Europe
which led to people realizing the profitability
3) How did tobacco effect the environment and then relations with the natives?
Led to tobacco farmers territory getting closer and closer to the natives
territory
D. Expansion
1) Headrights 50 acre grants of land
2) Who did the company send to live in Virginia?
Ironworkers and other skilled craftsman.
3) Where did colonists meet that gave them a share in self-government? House
of Burgesses. It was the first meeting of a legislature within what was to
become the United States.
4) Who did the Dutch bring to Virginia? Were they treated as slaves from the
beginning?
20 and odd Negroes, it is believed they were not treated as slaves, but more
like indentured servants.
5) Sir Thomas Dale led assaults against the Powhatan Indians.
6) Pocahontas was held hostage but converted and married John rolfe
7) Opechancanough Head of the natives after Powhatan died.
8) What happened to the Virginia Company and its charter?
It became bankrupt and its charter revoked
E. Exchanges of Agricultural Technology
1) Why were settlers hostile to their Indian neighbors?
They viewed their civilization as vastly superior.
2) What had the colonists learned from the natives that allowed for the survival
of Jamestown?
They learned different agricultural techniques.
3) What crop had the most value? What did beans do?
Corn, it could be used for food and a source of sugar and spoiled less easily
F. Maryland and the Calverts
1) Who founded Maryland? George Calvert
2) He envisioned a colony that was both..
True and absolute and acknowledged for its sovereignty .
3) How was the relationship with the natives different for the colonists of
Maryland than of Virginia?
They became friends rather than enemies.
4) What policy did the Catholics adopt?
A policy of religious tolerance to appease the majority.
5) How well did Catholic minority and Protestant majority get along?
Not very well. With violence occurring and barring catholic rights.
6) What similarities did Maryland end up sharing with Virginia?
They suffered a severe labor shortage and had to adopt the headright system
there as well.
G. Turbulent Virginia
 1) What was the most important dispute in Virginia?
Policy towards native Americans
2) Sir William Berkeley Popular governor at first as he sent explorers around.
3) What did Berkeley agree to? How did it work? Why? Agreed to a line where
white settlers cannot settle past. It failed at the start but began to become more
effective later on.
4) What kind of power did Berkeley posses?
Autocratic power.
5) Were the settlers of the backcountry represented?
No, they were unrepresented or not represented at all.
H. Bacons Rebellion
1) What did people of the backcountry and the tidewater region disagree on the
most?
Policy towards natives.
2) What were Bacons grievances?
He did not like he was not in the inner council and that he could not get in on
the fur trade.
3) What happened to Nathaniel Bacon?
Took over almost and then suddenly died of dysentery.
4) Outline the significance of Bacons Rebellion
It was part of the struggle between indian and white lands and how unwilling
English settlers were to abide to agreements with natives.
II. The Growth of New England
1) Who settled the first enduring settlement in New England?
Separatists.
A. Plymouth Plantation
1) It was illegal to leave England without the consent of the king
2) Mayflower Compact Established a civil government and proclaimed their
allegiance to the king.
3) What new crops did the Pilgrims introduce?
Wheat, barley, oats and other crops.
4) In the end, the survival and growth of the colony, depended on assistance from
the natives.
5) What happened to most of the Indians around Plymouth? Wiped out by
disease.
6) Who was their governor?
William Bradford.
7) How did the Pilgrims feel about being generally poor?
They didnt mind as they believed they were there with purpose.
B. The Puritan Experiment
1) How did the new English King Charles I treat the Puritans compared to his
father?
He treated them harshly.
2) Massachusetts Bay Company acquired a charter from Charles the first
3) John Winthrop governor of the New England colony
 4) Congregational Church Church that was for separatists but did not proclaim
it.
5) How were the Puritans different than traditional churches in England?
They did not follow the hierarchy or traditional worship and didnt receive
sacraments from priests.
6) What did Winthrop believe they were founding?
A place to enjoy God and Jesus Christ.
7) Colonial Massachusetts was in many ways a Theocratic Society.
C. The Expansion of New England
1) What choice did newcomers to Massachusetts have?
Conforming to the practices or leaving.
2) Who founded the Connecticut colony?
Thomas Hooker.
3) Why did Roger Williams call for a complete separation of church and state?
The state would corrupt the church and the state would be corrupt by the
church.
4) What colony did he establish?
Rhode Island.
5) How did Anne Hutchinson challenge both religious belief and social order in
Puritan Massachusetts?
By affronting prevailing assumption about the proper role of women in Puritan
society.
6) How did Hutchinsons actions affect women living in Massachusetts?
She basically rallied a large following of women and even others.
D. Settlers and Natives
1) Despite learning from the natives, why did conflicts and tensions begin?
Whites continued to search for land.
2) How did they begin to view the natives? Heathens and savages.
3) What was the Puritan solution? Displacing or exterminating the natives
E. The Pequot War, King Philips War, and the Technology of Battle
1) Where did the Pequot War take place and what was the result?
Connecticut Valley and it resulted in the Pequot tribe nearly being wiped out.
2) King Philips War war that the enlgish would remember for generations led
by the native leader known as King Philip.
3) Which native tribe allied with the English?
Mohawks.
4) What new weapon was used by both the colonists and natives?
Guns.
III. The Restoration Colonies
A. The English Civil War
1) Who began the resumption of colonization of the Americas?
Charles I
2) What kind of colonies would they be?
Proprietary colonies.
B. The Carolinas
 1) What incentives did the Carolinas provide? Political freedom and the existing
other American colonies as incentive
2) What important city became the colonial capital?
Charleston
3) The connection to what English colony helped bring African slaves to the
southern part of the Carolinas?
Barbados
C. New Netherland, New York, and New Jersey
1) The brother of the king, the duke of York claimed land already occupied by
what rival country?
Dutch
2) Who was living in the newly named New York?
James
3) Did the laws allow religious toleration?
They had religious freedom
4) How was power divided in New York?
A governor and a council
5) What colony was founded by Sir George Carteret in 1702?
New Jersey
6) Sim and differences between New York and New Jersey
Similar because they had enormous ethnic and religious diversity but different
because there was no important class of large landowners
D. The Quaker Colonies
1) Society of Friends Quakers
2) How were the Quakers different from the Puritans?
They rejected concepts of predestination and original sin
3) Did the Quakers have a church government or paid clergy?
No
4) Did they have gender and class distinctions?
No
5) Pacifists they were against violence.
6) William Penn son of a Royal Navy admiral and converted to the doctrine of
the Inner Light
7) How did Penn acquire the new colony?
He inherited his fathers claim to a large debt from the king
8) Cosmopolitan ideal of various different cultures mixing
9) What city helped set the pattern for most later cities in America?
Philadelphia
10) How did the Indians view Penn?
Respected as an honest white man
11) The Charter established by Penn allowed the lower colonies to form what
new separate colony?
Pennsylvania
IV. Borderlands and Middle Grounds
1) How stable was the British Empire in North America?
Small and weak compared to Spain and French
A. The Caribbean Islands
1) What Caribbean Islands were English settlements? Caribbean
2) What were the economies based upon? Sugar and slave trade
3) Most lucrative cropwhat else was there a booming market for?
Sugar, and there was a market for slavery
4) Why slave labor?
Native populations could not handle the labor and died out so slaves were the
next best thing.
B. Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean
1) What made for a potentially explosive combination?
The harsh conditions on slaves and the huge number of slaves.
2) What did many white slaveowners believe when it comes to buying slaves?
They believed it cheaper to buy new slaves periodically than to protect the
slaves they already own
3) What institutions did the Caribbean lack? They lacked proper things such as
church, family, and community
4) How were the Caribbean settlements connected to the North American
colonies? They were connected as they were in the Atlantic trading world with
rum and sugar
C. The Southwestern Borderlands
1) Compared to Mexico City how strong were the northern parts of the Spanish
Colonial Empire?
They remained weak and peripheral compared to the south.
2) Which one was most prosperous? New Mexico
3) Why did the Spanish begin to colonize California?
They realized the other Europeans beginning to establish a presence in the
region
4) Who did the Spanish see as their greatest threat?
Indians
5) How did the Spanish view the native populations, unlike the English colonies?
They viewed them as a labor source and people to convert to Christianity
D. The Southeastern Borderlands
1) Throughout the 18th century where was their contuning tensions between the
English and the Spanish?
Tensions were around Florida and Georgia
2) 1668 St. Augustine was sacked by English pirates
3) How did the English acquire Florida?
Encouraged Indians to go into conflicts with the Spanish and used them to
help them acquire Florida
E. The Founding of Georgia
1) Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
2) What reasons was Georgia founded?
Due to a need for a military buffer
3) What did Oglethorpe think he could do for Englishmen in prison?
He believed he could get them out in return for work or being soldiers
 4) Who was excluded from the colony originally?
Africans enslaved or not.
F. Middle Grounds
1) Where were the Middle Grounds?
The western borders of the English colonies.
2) What did many English settlers recognize the importance of in keeping good
relations with the Native Americans?
They recognized it would give them a hand in maintaining the middle grounds
as theirs
3) What happened to the middle grounds by the 19th century?
It had collapsed
V. The Evolution of the British Empire
A. The Drive for Reorganization
1) What did the colonies do for the English economy?
It increased their power due to the belief of mercantilism.
2) Why did english seek to monopolize trade relations with the colonies?
Mercantilism as they believed wealth to be limited and wanted it for
themselves
3) Why did the English then trade with the Spanish, French, and Dutch?
Some goods were not tradable across the Atlantic
4) Navigation acts Closed colonies to all trade except English ships and
provided that all goods being shipped from Europe to the Colonies had to pass
through England on the way
5) Advantages of the Navigation Acts for colonists Encouraged colonists to
create an important shipbuilding industry
B. The Glorious Revolution
1) What happened to King James II in the Glorious Revolution?
He was overthrown
2) What happened to Andros?
He managed to escape an angry mob but was arrested and imprisoned.
3) Who was Jacob Leisler and what did he do?
The leader of the dissidents in New York, he raised a militia.
4) What sect of Christianity was established as the official religion of colony of
Maryland?
Church of England.
5) What were some of the results of the Glorious Revolution?
Colonies revived their representative assemblies and successfully thwarted the
plan for colonial unification. Also legitimized the idea that the colonists had
some rights within the empire.