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ITE 269

Advanced Computer
Applications for Accountants

Case Analysis 7:
Hamilton County
Department of Education
Asuncion, Joebert Q.
De Guzman, Joanna Lee C.
Parungao, Roselie Aiselgi P.
Principe, Jeneil E.
Quindoyos, Danica B.
Sabado, Sahra M.
Tinde, Axl Ulrich B.
Verde, Jeric A.
Yamazaki, Mark Joshua B.

Submitted to: Ms. Prima Cristina D. Lopez

February 2016
Company Background
The Hamilton County Department of Education is a diverse school system, providing
roughly 42,000 students with a world class education. The system is nationally renowned
for urban school success as well as middle school and high school reform. The district
offers a variety of educational programs for all students including magnet schools, career
academies and gender-based classes as well as a focus on individual student success and
the goal of preparing all students to compete in the Global Economy.
It started a few years ago, when Hamilton County began looking into why its students
were consistently scoring below state benchmarks on standardized tests. Administrators
didnt get far before realizing they lacked the kind of detailed, granular data that would
be necessary to understand the factors that contributed to the poor performance, much
less act on the problem. What little performance data Hamilton County had been receiving
came from state scoring reports (as part of No Child Left Behind), which provided a lumpy,
aggregated measure of whether the countys 40,000 students were on track.
The other key indicator Hamilton County tracked on its own was the share of its students
that graduated from high school. Kelly and his colleagues realized all too well that dropout
rates and student performance were affected by many of the same factorsin some ways,
two sides of the same coin. But most of all, Kellys experiencegained as a teacher and a
principal earlier in his 18 years in the Hamilton County systemtaught him that beneath
the numbers were children, and that solving tough problems like dropout rates and lagging
performance required the county to address these problems on the individual student
level.
But that meant first finding the students who needed help, and doing so before their
problems led them to drop out of the Hamilton County school system. At the end of the
day, theres no one better positioned to sense when the student is in academic trouble
than a teacher or counselor with whom students have a direct relationship. The trouble is,
warning signs are often complex and cumulative in nature, thus escaping the notice of
frontline educators and administrators. Add to that the everyday challenges of running a
classroom, and its all the more understandable how problem students can fly under the
radar until its too late.
Kelly recognized that early detection of at-risk students required a more multidimensional
view of their progress, performance and path through the Hamilton County school system.
To accomplish this, Kelly developed a performance modeling tool that extracts individual
student data from the countys 78 schools and uses it to create predictive profiles, which
help to flag those students in need of proactive intervention by teachers or counselors.
Using built-in algorithms, the model determines which factors are the strongest predictors
of a student failing or dropping out. Based on the outcomes of the model, each student is
placed into one of four performance categories. Identifying those students labeled fragile
or offtrack is just the beginning of a process whose ultimate aim is the success of the
student.
Hilary Smith is a key part of that process. Based at the Howard School of Academics and
Technology in Chattanooga, some 15 miles away from the home office, Smith is the
Department of Educations Lead Counselor. Howard is an inner-city school, long seen as
epitomizing the kinds of problems such as high rates of dropping out and disciplinary
problemsthat Hamilton County is trying to address. When Smith first came to Howard
seven years ago, it graduated just one in four students, a far lower graduation rate than
the county as a whole.
For Hamilton County as a whole, that difference is already apparent in a graduation rate
that has increased by more than 8 percentage points in the last year, to nearly 80 percent.
Over the past few years, standardized testing scores have also increased by more than
10 percent for both math and reading. At the Howard School, progress has been even
more dramatic, with the graduation rate tripling over six years, culminating in a nearly 10
percent increase in the last year. We went from one in four graduating to three in four
graduating. You cant ask for better than that in six years, says Howard principal Paul
Smith. Though were not satisfied until were at 100 percent, were happy with the
progress.
While educational intelligence has largely been directed toward identifying and helping
individual students, Hamilton County is also incorporating predictive analytics into day-to-
day teaching and learning activities. Educators have always known that the roots of poor
performance and drop-out behavior in high school often reach back far into a students
early grades. Analytics is enabling Hamilton County educators to better understand how
these adverse patterns form over the students academic life cycle and what they can
do to correct them. Its seen in the way Hamilton County teachers have formed networks
to more intensively interact with each other both across grades (e.g., high school and
middle school) and within grades (e.g., a math teacher interacting with a social studies or
English teacher) in the interests of individual students. A comprehensive and dynamic
view of the studentcrossing educational boundariesis what makes this possible.
Hamilton County is also leveraging analytics to create innovative teacher incentive
programs. By looking at the historical relationship between eighth-grade test scores and
high school exams, the county is able to predict, in effect, a baseline performance
benchmark for each student. By compensating teachers based on their ability to beat this
rigorous benchmark, Hamilton County is using predictive analytics to encourage
performance improvements for both teachers and students.
Analytics is also providing Hamilton County administrators with the means to pinpoint
opportunities to adjust the curriculum to meet the needs of a specific subset of the student
population. For example, when analysis showed that male students were scoring below
females on the states writing assessment test, Hamilton County responded by
implementing a system-wide approach to address the needs of male students and close
the performance gap.
Business Objectives

Identify students who have a high risk of dropping out of school.


Identify special needs of subgroups of students.
Identify a benchmark to compare the performance of the students against to
evaluate the performance of the teacher.
QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1.) Identify how predictive analytics was used to solve the business problem. Explain
how the predictive analytics solution works.

Predictive analytics was used in solving the problem of Hamilton County by


the use of the performance modeling tool developed by Kelly teacher and
principal in the Hamilton County system for 18 years. It is predictive analytics
in a sense that necessary information will be used to come up with an answer,
which is solely based on the input information. This predictive analytic solution
works by extracting individual student data from the countys 78 schools and
using it to create predictive profiles, which helps to flag those students in need
of proactive intervention by teachers or counselors. Using built-in algorithms,
the model determines which factors are the strongest predictors of a student
failing or dropping out. Based on the outcomes of the model, each student is
placed into one of four performance categories. Identifying those students
labeled fragile or off-track is just the beginning of a process whose ultimate
aim is the success of the student.

Predictive analytics also provides education administrators and teachers


access to the extensive insight necessary to identify indicators of student
performance. They can uncover patterns hidden in student data to proactively
flag students at risk of failing benchmark assessments or not graduating
before it is too late. It starts with the data. Standardized test scores, absences,
grade point average, class size and school size are just some of the possible
factors behind performance. However, its not just one factor and one factor
only that points to a students success or failure. Rather, it is a combination
of factors and the correlation between the factors that solve the puzzle of why
a student is under performing.

2.) Identify how analytics culture was built in the company.

Analytics culture was built in the company because of the dire need of
Hamilton County to assess what is happening with the performances of their
students. Hamilton County opted to use analytics in order to provide solution
for such problems. By using analytics culture, the company managed to
address most of the issues for the reason that analytics enables schools,
districts and states to use advanced algorithms to analyze student data and
find hidden correlations that can answer such questions as: 1.) What are the
leading indicators of and reasons behind low performance?; 2.) Which efforts,
investments and factors affect student success?; 3.) How do kindergarten
screening tests, demographics and benchmark assessments relate to early
literacy?; and 4.) How do attendance, student involvement (such as
participation in extracurricular activities) and discipline events (such as
student referral to the principal) relate to graduation rates?

3.) Identify another possible predictive analytics solutions can be applied in schools.
Identify the data that you need to be able to provide this predictive solution.
Explain how this predictive analytics solution works.

Another possible predictive analytics solution which can be applied into


different schools and division is Analytics for Enrolment Management. This
specific analytic solution requires financial records of students who will be
graduating and stepping on the higher education or collegiate degree. When
looking into post-secondary education, young people are often told: For every
student, theres a college or university thats the right fit. And administrators
know that certain students are more likely than others to succeed at their
institution. Enrolment Management predictive analytics makes it easier to
focus recruitment efforts on those who are most likely to accept enrollment
and succeed at a particular institution. This benefits institutions by controlling
recruitment costs and by enabling them to offer the right incentives, such as
financial aid packages, that will attract desirable students. It also enhances a
schools ability to create course schedules, maintain the appropriate levels of
faculty and support staff and optimize the use of campus facilities.

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