Drain Performance in Changi Marine Clay

I15A
Avail: Construction Industry Research and Information As- results have been applied in the construction of a sewage treat-
sociation, 6 Storey's Gate, London SW1P 3AU ment station on alluvial clay.
843330
Grouting Effects of mandrel-driven sand drains on soft day
Akagi, T
See also: 843368 Proc lOth laternatiomti Conference on Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3 ,
843325 P581-584. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Baikema, 1981
Physico-chemical grouting (In Russian)
Koshelev, K B A field test was conducted to investigate effects of installation of
Shakhtnoe Stroit N8, Aug 1983, P7-9 displacement type sand drains on the properties and behaviour
of soft clay. Driving of a closed-end mandrel causes pore pre-
The consolidation of roadways during drivage can be carried ssures to rise and displaces foundation clay upwards and
out by using ampoules containing grout and shaped charges laterally, reducing shear strength and coefficients of consolida-
which are placed in shotheles and fired enabling the grout to tion considerably. Rapid and significant consolidation, how-
permeate surrounding fissures and solidify. Binary mixtures ever, takes place during and after sand drain installation and
based on polyurethane foam encased in polyethylene ampoules prior to the fill placement. While the conventional design
are recommended and details are given of successful pit trials. method appears to give a reasonable value of primary settle-
ment which occurs under the fill placed subsequently, it fails to
843326
give a satisfactory time-settlement relationship in the sand
Stabilization of loose man-made fills by grouting drained area as well as in the adjacent similarly loaded untreated
Coumoulos, D G; Koryalos, T P area. Auth.
Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 I/3,
843331
P633-636. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981
Improving construction properties of loamy soils
Askarov, H A; Bobylev, L M; Margotiev, A N
843327 Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
Geomechanical behaviour of cement grouts injected in rock (In
Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3,
French) P585-586. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981
Ballivy, G; Martin, A; Niemants, P
Proc 5th Congress of the laterantional Society for Rock Describes two new USSR methods for improving the construc-
Mechanics, Melbourne, 10-15 April 1983 VI, PA227-A234. tion properties of loess soils: (1) the use of under-water explo-
Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1983 sions in trenches filled with water, and (2) deep consolidation
whereby a boreholc is created using a hydro or pneumatic
Two methods of laboratory testing are described to determine in
punch; the borehole is filled with soil and rammed, then the
which effective stress conditions cement grouts injected in rock
punch is used again causing consolidation of the soil around the
arc useful. One test concerns the wash out process of grouted
borehole.
samples using a modified permeameter and the other is a pullout
test on steel bars grouted in rock core samples as a test of bon-
843332
ding strength.
Alteration of soil parameters by stabilization with lime
Brandl, H
Soil stabilisation Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
See also: 843216, 843217, 843244, 843245, 843358 P587-594. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981
843328 843333
Study on reHabiHty-bnsed design of improvement of day layer Electro-osmosis projects, British Columbia, Canada
by sand compaction piles. Technical note Casagrande, L; Wade, N; Wakely, M; Loughney, R
Matsuo, M; Suzuki, H Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
Soils Found V23, N3, Sept 1983, Pl12-122 Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 I/3,
This paper is part of a study on the stability of an embankment
founded on a poor clay layer. A stability analysis for the clay The electro-osmotic stabilization of a 2800 foot long depressed
layer improved by compaction piles is shown together with the section of the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Clan
determination of the central safety factor, probability of failure William, British Columbia, Canada, and the electro-osmotic
and location of the slip circle. stabilization of the slope for a 250 foot deep excavation for the
core trench of the British Columbia Hydro and Power
843329 Authority's Revelstoke Dam at Reveistoke, British Columbia,
Preconsolidation by separate-type consolidometer are described. The two projects involved extensive excavation
Aboshi, H; Matsuda, H; Okuda, M through sensitive silts that required stabilization during con-
Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and struction.
P577-580. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 843334
Drain performance in Changi marine clay
Consolidation tests, using a separate-type consolidometer, were Choa, V; Karunaratne, G P; Ramaswamy, S D; Vijiarat-
carried out on clay specimens in order to examine the effect of nam, A; Lee, S L
surcharge loading on residual settlements. Results indicated Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
that the clay layer was not uniformly consolidated even after Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3,
100% primary consolidation, and the residual settlement after P623-626. Pub/Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981
preconsolidation was mainly affected by the degree of con-
solidation at the time when the surcharge was removed. These
116A
The marine clay underlying the new Changi International Air- 84334O
port was consolidated using Geodrains and surcharge. A pilot Consolidation of fine-grained soils by prefabricated drains
test was carried out to enable the selection of the most suitable Hansbo, S
method of soil treatment and to determine the design soil para- Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
meters. This paper describes the design procedure and the ac- Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3.
ceptance criteria for main works. Typical results from the pilot P677-682. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. 1981
test and the main works are presented. The phenomenon of a
back pressure effect and stagnation of high excess pore pressure Presents a simple solution for the calculation of consolidation of
occurring with continuing ground settlement is discussed. fine-grained soils by drain wells with regard to well resistance
and smear. A parametric study is made with regard to the effect
of discharge capacity of various drain types and to the effect of
843335
Improvement of a site by preloading smear. Prefabricated band-shaped drains are discussed and
their efficiency is compared with that of sand drains. Discharge
Colleselli, F; Mazzucato, A; Previatello, P
Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and capacity values ofdifferent prefab drains obtained in laboratory
Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3, tests are presented. Filter requirements are analysed.
P627-632. Publ Rotterdam: ,4. ,4. Balkema, 1981
843341
Preloading fills are commonly used to improve soil conditions Improvement of a quick sand
in the Po Valley, Italy. In the case considered, the soil charac- Hanzawa, H
teristics were analysed before and after preloading and soil Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
behaviour was monitored using piezometers, settlement gauges Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3.
and vertical inclinometers. P683-686. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981
843336 Quick sand is characterized by potential liquefaction failure un-

Consolidation of clay cores of high dams (In French) der static shear conditions. The paper describes the undrained
Dingozov, G; Germanov, T strength of the quick sand and reports the change in shear
characteristics through soil improvement using the Dynamic
Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3, Consolidation method.
P645-648. Publ Rotterdam: A. .4. Balkema, 1981
843342
843337 Soil improvement by lime-fly ash slurry injection
Chemical stabilisation of loess, New Zealand Joshi, R C; Natt, G S; Wright, P J
Evans, G L; Bell, D H
Proc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3,
Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3, P707-712. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. 1981
P649-658. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 The use of lime and lime-fly ash slurry injection techniques, for
Stabilization of Port Hills loess with (1) phosphoric acid and (2) deep in situ stabilization offine grained soils is described. A case
history on pressure injection ofsubgrade soils to a depth of 13m,
lime was investigated using standard laboratory compaction
with lime and lime-fly ash slurry is presented. Laboratory test
techniques and field trials.
data indicate that lime slurry injection processes may be used to
improve shear strengths of soft clay soils. Auth.
843338
Experiments with chemical soil treatments in Hungary (In
843343
French)
Studies of electrochemical hardening of marine clay
Gaspar, L
Katti, R K; Dongarwar, D W; Patwardhan, S H
Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and
P663-664. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981 V3,
843339
843344
Measurement of autogenous healing in stabilized soils
Hammond, A A Deep mixing method using cement hardening agent
Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Kawasaki, T; Niina, A; Saitoh, S; Suzuki, Y: Honjyo, Y
Describes a laboratory study of autogenous healing using a
A deep mixing method using cement slurry as a hardening a-
lateritic soil, lime and cement. The stress/strain properties of the
stabilized soil specimens were measured after periods of initial gent, a new method of soil stabilization, is explained. This
curing. The tested specimens were further cured for various report describes the features of the method, the deep mixing
machine of great importance for this stabilization method, the
periods and a second stress/strain measurement undertaken.
The autogenous healing was then computed. From the results of physical and mechanical properties of the improved soil for
the study it was found that short initial curing periods and long which cement slurry had been used, and at the end, two cases of
curing periods after flawing enhanced the healing process. It is actual application of this method. Auth.
inferred from the study that beyond seven days curing a lime or
843345
cement stabilized base over stressed to failure will not heal up
Use of by-products in foundation engineering
but deteriorate. Light traffic may be allowed however, within
Lychko, Y M; Pevzner, M E; Belenky, N G; llyina, N G;
seven days of laying a lime or cement stabilized base without
Zagovora, G A
danger of any flaws being healed up later.

Drain Performance in Changi Marine Clay

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843336 Quick sand is characterized by potential liquefaction failure un-

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