REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This study contains discussions about related studies and journals hat will help
substantiate this study as a basis for making generalizations or opinions.

Distribution Management

According to the website (https://www.distributionmgmt.com/), distribution

Management provides the operational infrastructure for its subsidiary companies, specializing
in automated order handling, fulfilment and shipping of small package goods. Distribution
Management is able to reach 99% of the U.S. within two days from its four strategically
located distribution centers. An order accuracy rate of 99.9% is reflective of the operational
excellence and efficiencies that have resulted from significant investment in technology and a
dedicated IT development staff specializing in integration, automation and real-time
reporting.
With Manhattans distribution software, you can automate every link in even the most
complex supply chains. Anchored by our industry-leading warehouse management solutions,
Distribution Management provides a comprehensive set of supply chain execution solutions
to help you connect inbound and outbound operations, increase product velocity,
improve customer service and achieve world-class efficiency across your distribution
network. (http://www.manh.com/products/distribution-management/overview)

Distribution system

Walmart began with the goal to provide customers with the goods they wanted
whenever and wherever they wanted them. The company then focused on developing cost
structures that allowed it to offer low everyday pricing. Walmart then concentrated on
developing a more highly structured and advanced supply chain management strategy to
exploit and enhance this competitive advantage and assume market leadership position. Cross
docking is a logistics practice that is the centrepiece of Walmarts strategy to replenish
inventory efficiently. It means the direct transfer of products from inbound or outbound truck
trailers without extra storage, by unloading items from an incoming semi-trailer truck or
railroad car and loading these materials directly into outbound trucks, trailers, or rail cars
(and vice versa), with no storage in between. (https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/incredibly-
successful-supply-chain-management-walmart)
Scheduling

Distributed system scheduling has been studied extensively while applying different
performance goals to many distributed system types and parallel workload types. It has been
clearly established that scheduling has a substantial impact on performance. Many types of
distributed systems are currently available, some consisting of large numbers of processors.
The availability of different distributed systems as well as a diversity of hardware and
software makes the management of distributed resources among users very difficult.
Scheduling often is a composite problem of deciding where and when to execute an
application (i.e., on which processors, and in which order). Some scheduling policies offer
over-all solutions to the composite problem, while others merely focus on one of the sub-
problems. (https://link.springer.com)

Transportation System

GT Nexus Transportation Management allows companies to manage their

international and domestic transportation, tackling supply chain complexity with integration
to partner systems and a single control layer for monitoring the lifecycle of transportation.
Bids are completed on the platform, contracts are awarded, execution is monitored, and
changes made based on detailed analysis of transportation data. Shippers, suppliers, and
logistics service providers all collaborate in the cloud with Transportation Management.
(http://campaigns.ramco.com).

In order to have easy mobility of persons and goods, it is necessary to

have a sophisticated and widespread transportation system. This system is made
up of five primary areas of transportation, which are :
- Motor vehicles
- Railroad transportation
- Air transportation
- Water transportation
- Pipelines

Each of these five modes consists of different subsystems which make up the
system. Each mode is used to transport persons or goods, but in many instances,
one mode may be favored over the others. All five modes require some primary
source of funds for building and maintaining the infrastructure. These funds
may come from a number of different places such as the federal government, state
or the city through which the system runs. Different government agencies have
jurisdiction over the modes. These agencies focus on maintaining and improving
safety of each system. The individual states also have certain obligations to
the operation and regulation of the different modes of transportation.

Each mode is made up of primary subsystems. The subsystems of railroad

transportation include freight trains and passenger trains. Freight trains are
used to transport goods and materials between cities while passenger trains are
used to transport people. Although freight trains are still used all across the
nation, rail intercity freight has accounted for a decreasing share of the total
ton mileage over the past 30 years. This is mostly due to the increase in truck
transport. Rail passenger traffic had also declined over the years until better
service was offered by Amtrak and the price of fuel increased. Much of the
decline in rail passenger traffic has been due to the increasing number of air
passengers. (http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=49202)

Synthesis

The distribution management operations would provide all needed information on the
guidelines, procedures, processes and strategies that will help Company Y. It will help the
company to identify the lapses in distributing goods to the customers.

The review of related literature provides the researchers the secondary data needed in
order to corroborate the study on distribution management system under logistics. It also
provides clarifications for questions that could be raised about the nature of the study. It is
also offers related journals and researches which could confirm why there is a need to
conduct the said study.

The result of the study are aimed to provide the company and its customer a more
improved distribution system. This study will also lead to a healthy relationship between the
company stakeholders.