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Report No. 3
Submitted by Team 2-D
Entry no. Name Sections written Remarks
The objective of the project is to develop a working model from the setup of PCM
available to us in order to achieve food drying. Apart from that we also plan on improving the
efficiency of the current setup by modifying the structure of PCM pipes, if its possible, but
nevertheless we can adopt some design changes in the positioning of the inlet and outlet
valves so that there is a better heat transfer between the air and the PCM. But before that we
are fabricating a stand for the setup which will make it mobile and the setup after this
improvement can be manually adjusted in order to change the position with respect to the
sun. A screw jack mechanism would be incorporated on the stand to facilitate the manual change
of inclination. Moreover the stand leaves space for a small blower to be attached which
will act as an input of air for the setup and the output, which will be the heated air, can be
directly sent to the food chamber where various food stuff can be dried. Currently we have
completed the stand for the setup and we are ready to test after the instrumentation part is
over. This would include setting up data acquisition systems which are connected to
temperature sensors at the inlet and the outlet. These temperature sensors can be RTDs. So after
the several additions described above our setup would be ready to run.
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Team 2-D. Report 3
Page no.
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Experimental set-up
4. Experimental procedure
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
8. Acknowledgements
References
Bibliography
Operating manual
Page 1 of 19
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Open sun drying is the most common method employed in tropical countries for the
drying of agriculture products. It involves laying the agriculture product in the sun on mats,
floor or roof. There are many disadvantages of this like dust contamination, microbial
contamination etc. This method requires large area of land and very time consuming. Recently
people are making efforts to make this process better and efficient. The concept of solar dryer
is an outcome of these. The amount of solar energy depends on the atmospheric situations and
is available only during day time. To make the dryer more efficient we have to store excess
amount of energy so that we can use this at the time when there is no solar energy. So we need
to develop a heat store system which uses Phase Change Material as energy storing device. We
are focused on finding out the feasibility of system and to carry out the experiment find out the
working efficiency of setup.
1.2 Motivation
Food drying technique using PCM is very helpful is reducing the drying time and in
increasing the efficiency of process. Less manpower is required in this and it is much simple
process. This system is very useful for the end user. It will reduce efforts and make the process
very simple and also there eliminates the problems like contamination by dust and insects. It
will be helpful to them financially also as it protects food product from outside conditions.
.
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2. Objective
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3. Experimental set-up
= = 2 (2.2)
The variable, Q, can be divided by the electric power consumed, P, to derive the
performance measure (units m3/min/W).
Identify important correlations, if any.
Cite references as given after section 8.
Discuss the findings of the three methods and the decision for arriving at a chosen
concept.
4
3.3 Comparison of concepts
The required flow rate for pipe model can be determined by analyzing the heat transfer
between air and the pipe surface.
Let us assume that air stays inside the setup for average time t.
Convection coefficient of air = 10W/m2K
{Assuming stagnant air
This assumption is taken because the flow rate can be obtained by finding out the air
stagnation point}
Heat Transfer Rate= Convection Coefficient x Area =h *A
Heat transferred to Air = M *s *dT = Heat transferred by pcm = h *A * t
Assumptions and Data :
Air initial T = 30 C
Final Temperature requirement of Air = 55 C
Densiy of Air = 1.225 Kg/m3
The stagnation time obtained is thus 5.73 seconds
The required flow rate is 9.7 e-3 m3/s
Bill of materials
S.No Item Description Quantity Remarks Availability Vendor Contact no
in lab
1. RTD 2
2. Thermocouple 5
3. Orifice Meter 1
4. Blower 1
5. Variac(Variable 1
Transformer)
6. Pipe (Out dia-10 mm) 1m
7. M-Seal 1
5
8. Pressure 1
Gauge/Manometer
9. PCM Sphere Shells(10 150
mm dia)
10. Cork (39 mm outer dia) 5
Detailed engineering design
Include instrument lists and DAS details here. Justify the sampling rates, number of
instruments, redundancy (if any), etc.
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4. Experimental procedure
1. The base for the box is a wooden hollow box made to contain the drying box
element. This wooden shallow box will be completely made of wood.
2. The Screw jack will be a rack and pinion gear responsible for the rotating
movements of the wooden box thereby rotating the drying box.
3. The base plate is made of steel and will be responsible for the stable
movement and support for the tilting of the wooden box.
4. Side angle will provide support for the whole design.
5. The support plate will be made from steel and will help to provide support
against any vibration and jerk.
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4.2 Detailed Engineering Design
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Figure 9.4
Exploded View
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Team 2-D. Report 3
BILL OF
MATERIALS
S Part Name No of parts Material
.No 1 Base of BOX 1 Wood
4 Hinges 2 Steel
7 Rod 1 Steel
Parts to be processed
For part 1, 2,3,4,7. Raw material of steel plates will be required and can be
acquired and processed in the Workshop itself.
Parts to be used directly
For part 6(Screw jack), it can be purchased. For part 5(Side angle) they
will be available in the Workshop.
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5. Results
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6. Discussion
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7. Conclusions
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8. Acknowledgements
Apart from the efforts of our team, the success of this project depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our
gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this
project. We would like to show our greatest appreciation to Professor S.R.Kale and
Professor D Dasgupta. We cant say thank you enough for there tremendous support and
help. We felt motivated and encouraged throughout the project work. They kept us motivated
to push our limits and always tried to give us the engineering aspect of this project which will
be very helpful for us in future. Without there encouragement and guidance this project
would not have materialized. We would also like to acknowledge the support we got from the
T.As Mr. Rahul Sharma and Mr. Abhishek.K.Singh. They were very supportive during
every phase of project. There seniority and experience helped us in many way during this
project. We would like to say thank you for their guidance.
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Annexure 3-B
Our main motive in start of this course is to make the setup moveable. For this we need a bed
for the last setup, a setup which has wheel so that we can move it outside and structure to
support the entire weight of PCM chamber. We made a bed from wood for PCM chamber and
provide support from side by a metal strip. We uses parts of an old Amirah to attach PCM
chambers base to moveable part and hinge this with nuts and bolts. This will provide rotational
motion to the chamber. We fix the angle of inclination by attaching an angle. Parts in the
assembly are connected via these angles only and by using nuts and bolts.
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Annexure 3-C
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Annexure 3-D
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