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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Hydropower and Pumping Station

Solution

II .Question and Problem

1. During 2 day on EBARA workshop which held on 8 to 9 June 2017, I have learned
about :
- Classification of pumps
- Essential of pump Technology and cavitation
- Determination of pump requirement
- Application in water works
- Operation and control of water works pump
- Comparison of energy consumption
- Water supply pump unit ( donated pump unit)

And about the new things that I have learned is: I have known clearly about:

- Type of control method for using in pumps station to get more


efficiency and to get lower economic.
- Composition of pump station.
- How to apply roof tanks.
- Variable speed booster pump unit.
- Water consumption calculation
- Type of water supply system.
- Progress of pump cavitation.
- Controlling the pressure in high elevation with new machine.
- We can put many impeller in one pump (first I thought one pump have
unique impeller). Moreover, I know type of valve or valve appearance
and know how to control and check valve. Thereafter, I understand the
advantages and disadvantages of using larger pressure tank and small
pressure tank, which situation we should use large or small pressure
tank and the reason to installed flow switch.

2. Explain the various methods to control flow rate and compare their electrical
consumption in water pumping system. There are several methods used to control flow
rate:
- Valve control: This is generally the lowest cost and most popular
method of controlling the flow rate of a pump, but it is seldom the most
efficient. Control valves reduce the pump flow rate by increasing the system
pressure drop, and therefore forcing the pump to operate further back on its H-
Q curve. The pressure drop and energy cost for a control valve can be sizable,
especially with high usage, or high specific speed pumps (where the power
consumption increases with reduced flow).

Instructor in charge: Dr. DOUNG Ratha Page 1


Institute of Technology of Cambodia Hydropower and Pumping Station

- Variable Speed Drive (VSD): Pump characteristics have affected by


speed with low static head systems, the optimal efficiency of the pump follows
the system curve. With VSD control, the duty point of the pump follows the
unchanged system curve. Variable Speed Drives (VSD), and more commonly
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD - which can match the motor speed to the
load) are usually the most efficient flow and/or pressure control option,
especially in systems with high friction losses, large flow variations, and high
operating hours.

- On-off control: is often used where steeples control is not necessary,


such as keeping the pressure in a tank between preset limits. The pump is
either running or stopped. The average flow is the relationship between the
on time and the total time (on-off).

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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Hydropower and Pumping Station

Follow the table above we know that


- In the same data of Qd , Td , lower N and they get the efficiency similar
to 2 other methods.
- The biggest reason for applying a VSD is the potential to drastically
cut energy costs, which (at the same pump efficiency), are reduced by
the third power of the speed reduction. The greater the speed reduction,
the greater the energy savings. With an all friction system.
- Thus for Variable speed control method is the best method to get
high electricity and high efficiency and low economic by apply flow
rate, time and speed the same value if compare two other method. will
yield the lowest life cycle cost, is to conduct a detailed cost / efficiency
/ ROI analysis of several of the most promising control methods,
assisted by the general guidance presented above.

Thus: The Variable speed control method is the best method when we compare the
flow rate with consumption electricity

Instructor in charge: Dr. DOUNG Ratha Page 3


Institute of Technology of Cambodia Hydropower and Pumping Station

3. A. Plot the characteristic curves including the system curves.

Discharge (L/s^-1) 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00


Head (m) 22.00 20.00 16.70 12.50 7.60 2.00
Effeciency (%) 0.00 44.00 60.00 63.00 53.00 1.00
Given fitting loss coeffiecients, K
Pipe entrance 0.50 Pipe exit 1.00
Stancdard elblow ( 4units) 0.30 Gate 0.10
valve(3units)
Total friction loss 3.00
Friction coefficient 0.01
Length (m) 800.00
Diameter(m) 0.15
Area (m^2) 0.02
speed ( m/s^2 ) 0.00 0.28 0.57 0.85 1.13 1.42
Static head (m) Hs 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Friction head loss at lengt 0.00 0.22 0.87 1.96 3.49 5.45
pipe(m) hf1
Friction head loss at pipe 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.20 0.31
element (m) hf2
Total head (m) H = Hs+ hf1+ 5.00 5.23 5.92 7.07 8.68 10.75
hf2

Characteristic curve System Curve Efficiency curve

25.0 70.0

20.0 E=56
55.0 %

Efficiency (%)
Head (m)

15.0 40.0

10.0 25.0

H=8 m
5.0 10.0

0.0 Q=19 L/s -5.0


0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Flow rate Q (L/s)

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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Hydropower and Pumping Station

B. Determine the rate of flow delivered by the pump

Follow the graph above the rate flow at delivery is equal to flow rate at
operation point is Q=19L/s because rate flow input equal rate flow output.

Thus: The rate flow delivered by pump is Q=19 L/s

C. Power require

Lw
ep But, (Power of pump output) Lw g (Q / 60) H /1000
Lp

We have: g= 9.8 m / s 2 (acceleration of gravity),

e p = 56%=0.56 (efficiency), (graph)

Q= 19L/s = 19 103 60 m3/min (capacity), (graph)

H= 8m (total head), (graph)

= 1000 Kg/m3 (density of liquid)

Lw (1000 9.81 (19 103 60 / 60) 8) /1000 = 1.49 kW

Lw 1.49
Lp 2.66kW
ep 0.56

Thus: Power required is equal to input power Lp= 2.66kW

Reference:

- Application of pumping equipment = Focused on plan planning, design &


application 8,9 june 2017 ( EBARA Hatakeyama Memorial Fund EBARA
Corporation Tokyo Japan. ITC
- Hydropower and Pumping station ( Water Pumps) by Instructor in charge: Dr.
DOUNG Ratha. ITC.

Instructor in charge: Dr. DOUNG Ratha Page 5

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