Grinding machine

1.1 Introduction
It is a process of polishing or cutting metal with grinding wheel made of
abrasive materials. It is a productive method of machining which ensures
high surface finish. The use or function of grinding are:-
1. To remove metal from work part that is the over size
2. Sharpening of cutting tools
3. To make points as on punches and scribers etc
4. To make smooth polish

General objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learner will be able to know

Grinding wheels
Type and parts of grinding machines
The function and definition of wheel dressing

1.2 Grinding wheels

They are abrasive materials that consist various abrasive made of
aluminum oxide silicon carbide, which are held together by a bonding
agent.

1.3 Types of grinding machines

1. Non-precision grinder includes
A. Off- hand grinder
B. Hand grinder
C. Portable grinder
D. Bench grinders
E. Pedestal grinders

2. Precision grinder includes

A. Surface grinder

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 B. Cylindrical grinders
1. Non precision grinder

A. Off - hand girding

Off -hand grinding is the term used to describe the process of grinding as
applied to the sharpening of such tools as chisels, scrapers and drills using a
bench grinder with the tools being held in the hand. The process of dressing a
casting or smoothing a welded joint by grinding and other such operation
may be performed by a portable hand grinder.

B. Hand grinders

Hand grinder is a machine that has one or two grinding wheel on shaft. It
is run by a hand crank or an electric motor. The work is either held in the
hand or pressed against the wheel or a machine with a wheel fastened to it is
held by hand and moved over the work. The hand grinder mostly used to
remove the roughs and burrs from the work surface and may also be used to
sharpen some cutting tools like chisel, drill, punch and scriber. It has limited
function as it is not convenient to held and work well.

Fig.1.1 hand grinder

C. Portable hand grinder

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 It is another type of grinder which can be clamped to a table or bench. The
operation is similar; it is cranked by hand and moves over the work. It is
small in size and easy to move from place to place, hence the name portable
hand grinder is given to it.

Fig.1.2. Portable hand grinder

Portable electric grinders

These grinders are used where the hand, bench or pedestal grinders are
not convenient to use. Mostly these grinders are used to clean off welds on
large fabricated steel sections and cutting purpose. The grinder is held in
hand and passed over the work and this makes It difficult to obtain accurate
surface finish. Most electrical portable grinder is run at high speed and the
wheels are made of resinoid bond.

Fig. 1.3 portable electric grinder

D. Bench grinders

These are machines which are used to keep cutting tools sharp and
removes or unwanted materials from the work piece. The machines are power
driven with two spindles to take the required (proper) size of grinding wheel, a
motor, and tool rest. Eye shield guards are used to protect the operator from

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chips and other damages. The switch and the wheel guard are also fitted with
the machine.

Fig.1.4 Bench grinder and its part

E. Pedestal type grinder

It is a floor type grinder usually has grinder wheel on both sides. The
shaft is driven by electric motor. The parts of this grinding machine are
similar is the bench grinder (i.e. tool rest, grinding wheel, stand, wheel guard,
eye shield and switch).

Fig.1.5 Pedestal grinder and its part

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Fig.1.6 use of tool rest