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tergantung pada kombinasi pasangan dasar yang tepat template untai dan
nukleotida yang masuk dalam situs aktif dari DNA polimerase, proofreading
Saya
Tingkat kesalahan replikasi DNA jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan transkripsi
kesetiaan karena kebutuhan untuk melestarikan makna pesan genetik dari satu
adalah sekitar satu kesalahan per 1010 basis dimasukkan selama replikasi. Hal ini disebabkan
memiliki diubah sifat dasar pasangan (lihat Topik C2). Tingkat kesalahan diminimalkan
nukleotida masuk jika membentuk pasangan basa Watson-Crick yang benar dengan
Template nukleotida dalam situs aktif. Sesekali kesalahan (Gambar. 1a) terdeteksi
Topik E2). Hal ini menghilangkan nukleotida yang salah dari 3-end sebelum
(Gambar. 1b). Agar proofreading exonuclease untuk bekerja dengan baik, itu harus
dapat membedakan pasangan basa yang benar dari salah satu. meningkat
fragmen untai DNA (lihat Topik E1) berarti bahwa mereka tidak pernah dapat muncul
yang benar sehingga tidak dapat mengoreksi. Oleh karena itu, beberapa nukleotida pertama yang
ribonucleotides
material dan diganti dengan DNA memanjang (dan mengoreksi) dari yang berdekatan
pecahan. Kesalahan yang melarikan diri proofreading dikoreksi oleh perbaikan mismatch
The error rate of DNA replication is much lower than that of transcription fidelity because of the need to
preserve the meaning of the genetic message from one generation to the next. For example, the
spontaneous mutation rate in E. coli is about one error per 1010 bases incorporated during replication.
This is due primarily to the presence of the minor tautomeric forms of the bases which have altered
base pairing properties (see Topic C2). The error rate is minimized by a variety of mechanisms. DNA
polymerases will only incorporate an incoming nucleotide if it forms the correct WatsonCrick base pair
with the template nucleotide in its active site. The occasional error (Fig. 1a) is detected by the 35
proofreading exonuclease associated with the polymerase (see Topic E2). This removes the incorrect
nucleotide from the 3-end before any further incorporation, allowing the polymerase then to insert the
correct base (Fig. 1b). In order for the proofreading exonuclease to work properly, it must be able to
distinguish a correct base pair from an incorrect one. The increased mobility of unanchored base pairs at
the very 5-end of newly initiated lagging strand fragments of DNA (see Topic E1) means that they can
never appear correct and so cannot be proofread. Hence, the first few nucleotides are ribonucleotides
(RNA) so that they subsequently can be identified as low fidelity material and replaced with DNA
elongated (and proofread) from the adjacent fragment. Errors which escape proofreading are corrected
by a mismatch repair mechanism (see Topic F3). 92 S
The high accuracy of DNA replication (one error per 1010 bases incorporated) depends on a
combination of proper base pairing of template strand and incoming nucleotide in the active site of the
DNA polymerase, proofreading of the incorporated base by 35 exonuclease and mismatch repair.