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PATTERNS OF NURSIGN CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

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PATTERNS OF NURSING CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA :
PATTERNS OF NURSING CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY, Mrs.
Devakirubai M.Sc(N) Rajeswari. G Reader I year M.Sc(N) SHNC SHNC.

MEANS OF ORGANIZING NURSING CARE :


MEANS OF ORGANIZING NURSING CARE CASE METHOD OF NURSING FUNCTIONAL NURSING
TEAM NURSING PRIMARY NURSING CASE MANAGEMENT

CASE METHOD :
CASE METHOD

Slide 4:
Oldest mode of organizing patient care. It involves the assignment of 1 or more patients to a nurse for a
specific period of time. Complete care including treatment, medication administration etc Nurses assume
total responsibility for meeting all the needs of assigned patients. Widely used in hospitals & in nursing
homes. Students, private duty nurses, & specialty units such as ICU, ICCU etc.

MERITS :
MERITS Nurse can see better & attend to the total needs. Continuity of care can be facilitated Client/nurse
interaction & Rapport can be developed Client may feel more secure Family & friends become better known
by nurse & get more involved Equal Workload

DEMEIRTS :
DEMEIRTS Many clients do not require the inherent care. Must be modified if non-professional health
workers are used. Great disadvantage, when nurse is inadequately trained Cost-effectiveness

Slide 7:
FUNCTIONAL METHOD

Slide 8:
In 1950s, when few registered & only some practical nurses were available, much patient care was given by
nurse’s aides. RNs were keep busy with managerial & non-nursing duties & nurse’s aides deliver the
majority of patient care. The functional method of delivering nursing care evolved as a result of World War II.
Ancillary personnel were used to assist in patient care Unskilled workers were trained & assigning persons
to complete certain tasks. Eg checking BP, changing linen, bathing patients etc

MERITS :
MERITS Person can become particularly skilled in performing assigned tasks, The best utilization can be
made Less equipment is needed Saves times Potential for development of technical skills is amplified There
is a sense of productivity for the task oriented nurse It is easy to organize the work of the unit & staff.

DEMERITS :
DEMERITS Client care become impersonal Tremendous risk for diminishing continuity of care Staff may
become bored & have little motivation to develop self & others, Work may become monotonous The staff
nurse are accountable for the task, Client may tend to feel insecure. Only parts of the nursing care plan are
known to personnel.

Slide 11:
TEAM NURSING

Slide 12:
After II World War, RNs were still scarce, although the number of auxiliary personnel had increased. It was
introduced during the 1950s To improve nursing services by using the knowledge and skills of professional
nurses & supervise the work of auxiliary staff. The result was an improvement in patient and self satisfaction.
Auxiliary personnel collaborate in providing care to a group of patients under the direction of a professional
nurse. Based on philosophy that supports the achievement of goals through group action.

Slide 13:
…cont Team is led by a professional or technical nurse who plans, interprets, coordinates, supervise, and
evaluates the nursing care. Team leader assign team members to patients by matching patient needs with
staffs knowledge and skills. Main features of team nursing is, - nursing care conference - team conference -
nursing care plan
Slide 14:
..cont RESPONSIBILITIES OF TEAM LEADER: Responsible for knowing the condition and needs of all
assigned patients Duty vary depending on the workload. i.e assisting the members and giving direct
personal care to the patient. Planning and conducting the conference LIMITATIONS: Continuity of care is
not given Changing team membership makes it difficult for the team leader to assign the patient.

Slide 15:
MODULAR OR DISTRICT NURSING

Slide 16:
Modification of team & primary nursing. It is plans the care◊used when there are not enough registered
nurses to practice. RN & care◊directs the paraprofessionals Paraprofessionals

MERITS :
MERITS Includes all health care personnel. Balanced & shared workload Develop leadership skills
Opportunity to learn & to teach Client is able to identify personnel who are responsible All care is directed by
a RN Barriers between professional & non-professional can be minimized Every one has the opportunity to
contribute to the care plan.

DEMERITS :
DEMERITS Unstable staffing patterns make team nursing difficult All personnel must have complex skills
and knowledge i.e., communication, leadership. There is less individual responsibility and independence
regarding nursing practice.

Slide 19:
PRIMARY NURSING

Slide 20:
Developed in the early 1970s in some hospitals by professional nurses. Based on the philosophy that
patients, instead tasks. It involves total nursing care, directed by a nurse on a 24 hrs basis as long as the
client is under the care. Here one nurse is the client’s nurse, at all times directing, planning, evaluating &
teaching. Here one professional nurse who gives total patient care to 4-6 patients & she is responsible for
the care of those patients 24 hrs a day throughout the patients hospitalization.

Slide 21:
…cont The primary nurse does the admission interview & develops the nursing care plan and shared with
the associate nurse. The associate nurse cares for the patient by using the care plan developed by primary
nurse The number patients assigned to one nurse varies according to length of hospital stay, complexity of
care. Research suggest that patients have fewer complications and a shorter hospitalization when cared by
a primary nurse.

MERITS :
MERITS Reduces the number of errors that can result from a relay of orders. Increased satisfaction by both
nurse and satisfaction. Nurses can identify patient outcomes as a result of their work. DEMERITS The nurse
may be isolated from colleagues. It may be cost-effectiveness Nurse’s talents to a limited number of
patients. Nursing care plan can be changed only with the permission of primary nurse.

Slide 23:
CASE MANAGEMENT

Slide 24:
Case management focuses an entire episode of illness, including all settings in which the receives care. Is a
method in which client care areas or units provide various levels of care. e.g. – ICU for the critically ill - Post
intensive care unit - Regular care unit - Convalescent unit - Self care unit Clients are evaluated in all level It
emphasizes achievement of outcomes in designated time frames with limited resources.

Slide 25:
….cont Case consultation may be indicated when the client’s condition differs. Case consultation is
conducted about once a week for a few minutes immediately after intershift to deal with variation. It may be
conducted informally whenever a staff identifies a variation. The problem solvers focus on the variation and
desired outcomes, brainstorm ideas to achieve desired outcomes
MERITS :
MERITS Efficient use is made of personnel & equipment Clients are in the best place to receive the care
they require. Use of nursing skills & expertise are maximized. Clients are moved towards self care,
independence is fostered where indicated.

DEMERITS :
DEMERITS Discomfort to clients Continuity care is difficult Long term nurse /client relationship are difficult to
arrange.

Slide 28:
THANK YOU

jendanielj
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