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    6 views25 pages

    A Lykeioy Kee Anorganos Xhmeia Eisagogh

    Uploaded by

    Petros Birmpas

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 25

    1o

    1.1
    (1-24) .

    1. 1g :
    . .
    . .

    2. 1L :
    . 1 . 1/1000 m3
    . 1000 . 1/10 m3.

    3. 1g 0,5cm3, :
    . 0,5g/cm3 . 2g/cm3 . 0,5cm3/g . 0,2 cm3/g.

    4. v m V 1. p
    :
    m
    . = . = m . V
    V
    m m
    . = VV . = V-V
    1 1

    5. :
    . 1.000.000 . 1021
    . 103 . .

    6. :
    .
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    7. :
    . Cb
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    1
    8. Ca2+ 20 18 . Ca :
    . 40 . 38 . 20 . 18 . 36.

    9. :
    . ,
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    10. :
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    11. ,
    :
    . .
    . . .

    12. , :
    . .
    . . ,
    .

    13. :
    .
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    14. , :
    . .
    . .
    .

    15. , ,
    . 1, 2 3
    :
    . 1 < 2 < 3 . 2 < 3 < 1
    2
    . 1 = 2 = 3 . 2 > 3 > 1.

    16. :
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    17. :
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    18. ;
    .
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    19. ;
    .
    . ,
    .
    . .

    20. :
    .
    .
    .
    . .
    21. () ()
    .
    , :
    i) :
    . .
    . . .
    ii) :
    . .
    . . .

    22. (KJ) :
    3
    i) :
    . g KJ 100g
    . KJ
    . KJ
    . KJ.
    ii) :
    .
    .
    .
    . , .

    23. NaCl, 30 C, 35g/100g .


    NaCl, 30 C, :
    . 7g NaCl 30g
    . 5g NaCl 20g
    . 7g NaCl 20g
    . 100g NaCl 35g
    24. NaCl 10% w/w :
    . 100g 10g NaCl
    . 100g 10g NaCl
    . 100g 10g NaCl
    . 90g 10g NaCl

    1.2

    1. 1L, 1cm3 1m3 .

    2. , , 240g , 23.000mg , 0,20kg


    25103mg . , , .

    3. , , , 150mL, 0,2L, 10 -3m3, 0,0016m3 160cm3


    . .

    4. 1, 2, 3 4 , 0,2g/cm 3, 2g/cm3,
    1g/cm3 1,2g/cm3. .

    40 35 40 40
    5. 19 A, 17 , 20 , 18 :
    i)
    ii)

    6. , , :
    )

    4
    ) .
    7. : , , ,
    , .

    8. , , :
    : 600g 200g
    : 250g 500g
    : 50g 250g
    : 100g 500g

    (% w/w).

    9. , , 20 C, 100g
    0,2g (CaSO4), 24g (NaCl), 70g
    (C12H22O11) 0,0012g (CaCO3).
    .

    1.3

    1. ()
    ().
    () ()
    1mg
    1mL
    1kg
    1kg/m3
    3
    1dm
    1L
    1g/L
    2. () (),
    .
    () ()
    1mg 10-3g
    1g 103g
    1ng 10-9g
    1g 106g
    1kg 10-6g
    109g
    10-12g

    3. :

    5

    1
    2
    4

    8
    3

    4. ()
    ().
    () ()
    14
    6 A 18n
    32
    16 B 11p
    23
    11 8n
    35
    17 16p
    40
    20 2
    18e
    5. () ().

    () ()
    He
    Si
    Mn
    Th

    Al
    Fe
    Ag
    Pb
    Mg
    S
    N

    6. ,
    .

    7. ;
    (
    ).






    .

    8.
    :








    .

    9. () ():







    10. ,
    , .




    .

    7
    11. () ().
    () ()


    .
    Blanco
    .

    .


    .

    .


    .


    .

    1.4

    1. :
    ) 1m3 = .......... L ) 1mg = ........... kg
    3
    ) 1cm = ........ L ) 1g = ............. mg

    2. , ,
    ............................................................................................. .
    ................................ , ...................................... .................................. .

    3. , ................................. ,
    ...................................., , ............................ ,
    ............................... .

    4. .
    ...... ...... ......
    ...... ...... ......
    ...... ...... ......

    5.
    .
    .................... (F) .................... (Mg) .................... (N)
    8
    .................... (Fe) .................... (Mn) .................... (H)

    6. .......................................... ................... ,
    .................................... ................................................
    .......................................... , ............................... .

    7. ............................. .................................. .
    ........................................
    .......................................... .

    8. ..........................................
    .............................................................................................
    ...............................................................................,
    ......................................................................................................... .

    9. Al3+ ........................... ...........................


    Al.

    10. ............................................. .
    ....................................
    ........................................................... .
    ................................................... ,
    ............... ........................... ........................... .

    2. ........................... ...........................
    ........................... , ......................................................
    ........................... , ...................................................... .
    ........................... ........................... .

    11. ...........................
    ........................... , ........................... ,
    ...................... .

    12. 100 C .......... 273 .............. C.

    13. ........................... ,
    ........................... , ........................... ,
    ........................... .

    14. ............................................................. .
    .............................. .
    ............. .................... .

    9
    15. ............................................ , ................................................
    ........................... .
    ........................... .

    16. (NaCl) , : (
    : , , )
    ) ....................................
    ) ..........................................
    ) ..........................
    ) ....................................
    ) ......................
    ) ...........................

    1.5

    1. ,
    .

    2. .

    3. ;
    .

    4. , .
    .

    5. ;
    .

    23
    6. 11 Na ;

    7. ; :
    )
    )
    )
    ) .

    8. :
    )
    10
    )
    )
    ) .

    9.
    ;
    ) )
    ) )
    ) )

    10. ;
    ; .

    11. ; ;
    ; .

    12. ;

    13. .

    14. ;
    .

    15. : ) ; )
    ;
    .

    16. ,
    ;

    17. KJ KJ ,
    ; .

    18. CaCO3 ( ) , ,
    , ..
    CaCO3 ;

    19. :
    ) 20% v/v 80% v/v ;
    ) 20% w/v;
    ) (O3) 1ppm (v);
    ) (Cl-) 2 ppb (w);

    11
    1.6

    1. : )
    ) .

    35 37
    2. 17 Cl 17 Cl
    1 2 3
    1H , 1H 1H ,
    H2, Cl2 HCl .

    3.
    .

    .
    4.
    .

    5. , ,
    .
    .

    6. .
    : , .
    . ,
    .
    ) ;
    )
    ;
    ) : ;

    7. .
    .
    .
    , .

    ; .

    8. ,
    .
    .
    9. CO2 2C.
    12C, :
    )
    ) 12C .
    12
    10. H 2S 25C.
    10C:
    ) ;
    ) 10C ;
    .

    11. 120%.
    ; .

    12. 1 (KJ).
    KJ, ,
    2. m1 m2 1 2
    .
    ) 1 .
    ) 1 .

    13. CaCO3 CO2 H2O Ca (HCO3)2.


    CaCO 3
    . ,
    CO2 Ca (HCO3)2 ;

    14. (CaCl 2).


    .
    ) ;
    ) CaCl2;
    )
    ;
    ) CaCl 2 ,
    , .
    ;

    15. KNO 3 (gKNO3 / 100g H2O)


    .


    g/100g
    80

    60

    40
    20

    10 20 30 40 50 //C
    13
    60g 3 100g 2.
    ) ;
    ) 20 C, ;
    .

    1.7 -
    . ,
    .

    1. , .

    2. ,
    .

    3. , ,
    , (
    ).

    4. .

    5. .

    6. .

    7. .

    8. .

    9. .

    10. ,
    .
    11.
    .

    12. .

    13. ,
    .

    14.
    .
    14
    15. .

    16. .

    17. .

    18. .

    19. (2) (2) (2)


    2 2
    .

    20. .

    21.
    .

    22. 3 20C 40C .

    23.
    .

    1.8

    1. , : g, g
    g.
    i) , , :
    . = = . > >
    . < < . < <
    ii) .

    2. )
    :
    (3) 4. ( )
    16
    8 O 8. ( )
    2. ( )
    12
    6 C 12. ( )
    ) ;

    3. Al3+ SO42-.

    i) , :

    3 3 2 2 1
    . . - . - . .
    2 2 3 3 1

    ii) ;

    15
    4. ) .
    ( 11 )
    . ( )
    . ( )
    . ( )
    . ( )
    ,
    . ( )
    ) , .

    5. , , .


    11 23
    37 17
    20 20
    17 18

    ) .
    ) .
    ) ;

    6. 20C.
    40C.
    i) :
    . .
    . .

    ii) .
    7. 0 C, 50 C 271.
    , ,
    .
    i) 1 C, ,
    :
    . , , . , ,
    . , , . , ,

    ii)
    ().
    () ()
    -3 C
    16
    330K
    272K
    7 C

    iii) .
    .

    8. i) ;
    . .
    . .
    . .
    . .

    ii) .

    9. .
    (A)
    (B)
    ()
    ()

    ) , , ;
    ) (2) ,
    ,
    .

    10. 1 2 1 2
    10 C. 20 C
    , .
    ) :
    i) ..... .....
    ii) 20 C 1 ............... , 2
    ......................... .
    ) 2 10 C
    .

    11. ( ).
    i) :
    . ;
    . ;
    . ;

    17
    . ;
    ii) .
    12. , ,
    :
    , .
    .
    :
    i) ()
    ().
    () ()




    ii) ;
    .
    .
    .
    .
    iii) ;
    .
    .
    .
    .
    iv) ............ .................................

    1.9 -

    1. 2500L.
    246.000 .
    0,82 g/mL 120.000 (1 =
    1000kg) ;

    2. 220g, 380g 351,2g.


    1g/mL, :
    )
    ) .

    18
    3.
    .
    , 188,6g
    25mL.
    ) .
    ) 8,2g/mL, .

    4. 500g 300g 750mL . :


    ) .
    ) % w/w % w/v.

    5. 240g, 200mL
    180g .
    :
    )
    ) % w/w.
    ) % w/v.

    6. 1 80g 240g .
    250mL. :
    ) (% w/w) 1.
    ) (% w/v) 1.
    ) 1.
    ) 1 64mL 2.
    w/v w/w 2.

    7. 12% w/w 2kg.


    ) g ;
    ) % w/w , 6
    kg;

    8. 76g 24g 1 80mL.


    ) 1;
    ) % w/w 1;
    ) mL 1 2
    15% w/v;
    ) g 1 3
    30% w/w;
    9. .
    270mL. 20mL 4g .
    ) g ;
    19
    ) 400g, % w/w
    ;

    10. : aOH 20% w/v.


    ) ;
    ) ,
    ;
    ) 500mL 200mL 50g NaOH, mL
    300mL, 20%
    w/w;

    11. 150g 2 50g NaOH 20% .


    :
    ) g NaOH
    ) g
    ) (% w/w).

    12. 2L NaOH 20% w/v.


    aOH :.
    ) NaOH
    ) NaOH 20% ().

    13. 100L 4 (% v/v


    ).
    ) mL ;
    ) 10L ,
    ;

    14. 1 10g 190g 2


    30g 270g .
    3.
    ) % w/w 1;
    ) % w/w 2;
    ) % w/w 3;

    15. 250g NaCl 20% w/w.


    ) g NaCl g ;
    ) NaCl 36g/100g , g aCl
    ;
    ) % w/w ;

    20
    16. aNO3 10 C 80g/100g , :
    ) g 200g aNO 3
    10 C;
    )
    40% w/w;

    17. 200g 90g KNO 3, ,


    15 C. 40g 3.
    ) ;
    ) 3 15 C;
    ) w/w ;
    ) ,
    3;

    18. 1 27 C 20% w/w.


    ) 27 C (g /100g H2O);
    ) 500g 1 300g 27 C, % w/w
    2 ;

    19. 3 10 C 20g/100g , 20 C 35g/100g .


    ) g KNO3 200g 20
    C;
    ) 10 C, g 3 ;

    20. 10g/100g 10 C, 20g/100g 30 C


    40g/100g 50 C. 110g
    10 C. 140g
    50 C. 30 C.
    ) .
    ) ;

    1.10

    : -

    : 15 ( )

    21

    . .

    1 -

    .
    5
    2-
    4
    2- .
    4
    3 ( ),
    . 7

    :
    ............................................ .............................................. ....... ........
    ........................ ..................

    :
    1. .................................. ................................. .
    .................
    ................................... .
    ................................ ................. .....................................
    . ........................
    ............................ , ................................................... .

    2. :
    )
    ................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................
    ) , .
    ................................................................................................................
    ................................................................................................................

    3. , , ,
    .
    :
    ) ( )
    ) ( )
    ) ( )
    ( )
    22
    ) ( )
    ) ( )
    ) ( )
    ) ( )
    ) ( )
    ) ( )
    ) ( )

    : , ,
    , ,
    : 45 ( )


    . .
    1 1-i K
    1
    1 1-ii .
    -
    1
    1 2 .
    -
    1
    1 3 .
    1
    1 4 . 2
    1 5 .
    -
    - 2
    2 .

    , 2
    2 .
    : , 2
    2 .
    2
    3 . 1
    3 w/v.
    - 1
    3
    . 2
    3 2
    .
    w/w.
    :
    ............................................. .............................................
    ......... .......... ........................ ................

    23
    1
    1. :
    .
    . ,
    .
    .
    i) :
    . , . . , , .
    ii) .

    2. ( ), Al 3+ Cl-
    :
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    3. :
    .
    .
    .
    . .

    4.
    () ( )





    5. .......................................
    .................................................................................................................
    .................................................................................................................
    ............ ..........................................
    .............................. ...................................

    2
    .
    .
    ) -
    24
    .................................................................................................................. .....................................................................
    ............................................. .................................................................................................................
    )
    .................................................................................................................. .....................................................................
    ............................................. ..................................................................................................................
    ) ,
    .
    ................................................................................................................. .....................................................................
    ............................................. ..................................................................................................................

    3
    200mL 1 (NaOH) 40% w/v =1,25g/mL.

    25

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