HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

TECHNIQUES

Hazard Identification:

HAZARD :

An inherent physical or chemical characteristic that has the potential for causing harm to
people, property, or the environment.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION :

The pin pointing of material, system, process, and plant characteristics that can produce
undesirable consequents thro the occurrence of an accident.

HAZARD EVALUATION :

The analysis of the significance of hazardous situations associated with a process or activity.

Why chemicals are hazardous:

Toxic

Fire

Explosion

HAZARD MONITORING:

Project monitoring Conception

The need is to discover the problems and the hazards.

Decision Stage

Monitored on detailed proposals and designs of the project

Operation

Monitoring of operational hazards and to enforce the operational requirements.

Conducting the Hazard identification

Hazard identification Study Team

The typical study team would comprise:

Study facilitator

Technical secretary
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Operations management
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HSR/Operations representative

Project engineer or project design engineer for new projects

Process engineer

Maintenance representative

Instrument electrical representative

Note: the above team make up is indicative only

Hazard identification Planning

The following steps are required:

Planning and preparation

Defining the boundaries and provide system description

Divide plant into logical groups

Review P&IDs and process schematics to ensure accuracy

Optimise HAZID process by means of preplanning work involving relevant stakeholders

(operations, maintenance, technical and safety personnel)

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

CHECKLIST ANALYSIS

A checklist analysis uses a written list of items or procedural steps to verify the status of a
system.

Proper use of checklist will generally ensure that a piece of equipment conforms with
accepted standard and it may also identify areas that require further evaluation.

To identify and eliminate hazards that has been recognized through years of operation of
similar system.

What If

What if analysis is an early method of identifying hazards

Brainstorming approach that uses broad, loosely structured questioning to postulate

potential upsets that may result in an incident or system performance problems

It can be used for almost every type of analysis situation, especially those dominated by
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relatively simple failure scenarios

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Normally the study leader will develop a list of questions to consider at the study session

This list needs to be developed before the study session

Further questions may be considered during the session

Checklists may be used to minimise the likelihood of omitting some areas

Example of a What If report for a single assessed item

Raw materials storage

Sl.No. What-If Consequences/Hazard Recommendations

1 Are powders Chemical decompositions can lead to Verify availability of powders witho
contaminated by exothermic activity. Particularly moisture content and reliability of supp
moisture? Aluminum is incompatible with moisture. Examine scientifically /experimentally t
When water gets mixed with powder, reaction kinetics of various pyrotech
heat will be developed and can lead to powders with moisture.
thermal run away reaction

2 Are powders Foreign materials in pyrotechnic mixtures Verify the purity of raw materials a
contaminated with can increase mechanical sensitiveness reliability of supply.
foreign materials? Ensure proper handling and receiv
procedures and methods to preve
contamination of raw materials dur
such activities

3 Are polyethylene Static electricity may develop when the Use gunny bags for storing the KN
and plastic bags charge accumulation exceeds
the and S powders
used for storing specific limit and this can lead to fire
Use aluminum containers for storing A
powders? followed by explosion

FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS

DEFINITION

FMEA is a systematic analysis of potential failure modes aimed at preventing failures. It is

intended to be a preventive action process carried out before implementing new or changes
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in products or processes
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Ideally, FMEAs are conducted in the product design or process development stages,
although conducting it on existing products and processes may also yield benefits

Purpose

An effective FMEA identifies corrective actions required to prevent failures from

reaching the customer; and to assure the highest possible yield, quality, and reliability

Objective

To look for all of the ways a process or product can fail

Failures are not limited to problems with the product.

Because failures also can occur when the user makes a mistake, those types of failures
should be included in the FMEA.

Anything that can be done to assure the product works correctly, regardless of how the user
operates it, will move the product closer to 100% customer satisfaction.

Logic Of FMEA

The FMEA process is a way to identify the failures, effects, and risks within a process or
product, and then, eliminate or reduce them

Each failure mode has a potential effect, and some effects are more likely to occur than
others

In addition, each potential effect has a relative risk associated with it

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