CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

& CONTROL OUTLINE

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WANNA BE.??

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 BACKGROUND

Productivity has been an issue for construction industry for many years.
Several factors that have impeded construction productivity:
a shortage of suitably trained
skilled supervisors and workers
a weakening local construction workforce
Etc.

factors that would improve construction productivity

problems encountered at construction sites
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PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS.??

Slab Beam

Column

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 PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPT

relationship

Output Input
generated used to
from a create an
system output Construction

Input refer to labour, capital, energy and material

Output goods and services
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 PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPT

Total productivity Partial productivity

The ratio of total output to all input The ratio of total output to one class of
factors input, e.g. labour productivity (LP)

TP = total output / total input PP = total output / partial input

LP = labour (trade) output / labour

(trade) input

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 PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPT
Reasons as to why it is necessary to measure productivity (Eilon et al,
1976)
1. for strategic purposes, in order to compare the performance of the
firm with that of its competitors or related firms, both in terms of
aggregate results and in terms of major components of
performance;
2. for tactical purposes, to enable management to control the
performance of the firm by identifying the comparative performance
of individual sectors of the firm, either by function or by product;
3. for planning purposes, to compare the relative benefits accruing
from the use of different inputs, or varying proportions of the same
inputs, currently and over longer periods, as the basis for
considering alternative adjustments over future periods;
4. other management purposes, such as collective bargaining with
trade unions. 7
PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPT

Lawlor, 1985

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 THE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY IN
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

cost time
Construction

Productivity measurement
Low productivity the project will be delayed cost is higher
Productivity (high) high quality
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 METHODS
According to Thomas (2000), there are several methods to calculate productivity:

UNIT PERCENT LEVEL OF

COMPLETED COMPLETED EFFORT
suitable to be Suitable to be used in a
applied in a single Suitable to be applied work with many sub-
work (without sub- in a single work work
work) without or with a
little sub-work Overlapping between
sub-works
If there is a sub- Better to be used in a
work, it is easily to Better to be used for
work which is easily work with a longer
measure quickly predicted the completed duration
percentage of
accomplishment
Example:
Example: Soil reinforcement,
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excavation Example : painting structure (steel,
concrete) and formwork
 METHODS
According to Thomas (2000), there are several methods to calculate productivity:

INCREMENTAL START FINISH

MILESTONES
Suitable to be used in a work with
a several/little sub-work and
difficult to measure its volume, but
its easily to determine the
intermediate of milestone
PERCENTAGE
Suitable to be used in a work with a
several/little sub-work and difficult
to measure its volume, and also
difficult to determine the
intermediate of milestone

Work sequently without

overlapping
Example: Land clearing work

Example: installation of doors and

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windows
SEVERAL FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY

Environment

Management Equipment

Factors
affecting
productivity

Materials Labor*
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 METODE UNIT COMPLETED

Example: Find the factors affecting productivity in bored pile

work.

Berupakeseluruhan pekerjaan bored pile terdiri dari penentuan

titik, pengeboran, pemasangan tulangan, dan pengecoran.
Bored Pile pada proyek PRAXIS berdiameter 800 mm dengan
kedalaman 42 m dan 52 m.

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 METODE UNIT COMPLETED
Langkah2 Pengerjaan:

1. Daily Productivity

Productivity = rasio antara output dan input.

Daily productivity =

(Pilcher, 1992)

Total output = kedalaman (depth) per titik x jumlah titik

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 METODE UNIT COMPLETED
2. Baseline Productivity
Untuk mencari nilai baseline productivity dilakukan pengambilan data baseline subset.
Jumlah data baseline subset diambil sebanyak 10% dari jumlah hari pengamatan dan
tidak boleh kurang dari 5 data.

Pada penelitian kali ini jumlah hari pengamatan adalah 40 hari, maka dari itu karena
10% dari jumlah data kurang dari 5 maka diambil jumlah data baseline subset
sebanyak 5 data. Lima buah data yang diambil adalah 5 buah data dengan total
output terbesar dan diurutkan dari yang terbesar sampai yang terkecil (selanjutnya
disebut sorted output) selama proses pengamatan.

Dari 5 data tersebut diambil nilai median dari daily productivity sebagai nilai baseline
productivity.

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 METODE UNIT COMPLETED
3. Model Coefficient
Untuk mencari besarnya pengaruhi faktor-faktor yang terjadi terhadap tingkat
produktivitas pekerjaan pondasi bored pile, terlebih dahulu diambil data faktor-
faktor penghambat yang terjadi di lapangan.
Pencatatan data berupa bilangan biner, dimana angka 1 jika faktor tersebut
terjadi, dan angka 0 jika faktor tersebut tidak terjadi pada hari kerja tertentu saat
pengamatan dilakukan.
Besarnya pengaruh didapatkan menggunakan analisa multiple regression
dimana variabel terikatnya adalah besar selisih baseline productivity dan actual
daily productivity sedangkan variabel bebasnya adalah nilai hasil pencatatan
faktor-faktor yang terjadi yaitu environtment(X1), equipment(X2), labor(X3),
material (X4), dan management(X5).
Tabel variabel bebas dan terikat ditunjukkan pada Tabel 3.
Dalam prosedur perhitungan variabel terikat, jika nilai baseline productivity
dikurangi dengan actual daily productivity hasilnya menunjukkan angka negatif,
maka dalam perhitungan dimasukkan angka 0 karena hal itu menunjukkan hasil 18
yang baik dimana produktivitas sebenarnya lebih tinggi dari produktivitas ideal.
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