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(Received December 7, 2007/Revised February 27, 2008/Accepted March 10, 2008/Online publication April 11, 2008)
High atomic number material, such as gold, may be used in con- enhancing effects in cell experiments,(15) the murine model,(16)
junction with radiation to provide dose enhancement in tumors. In and through Monte Carlo calculations.(17) Gold nanoparticles
the current study, we investigated the dose-enhancing effect and have been actively investigated in a wide variety of biomedical
apoptotic potential of gold nanoparticles in combination with single- applications due to their biocompatibility and ease of conju-
dose clinical electron beams on B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing gation to biomolecules.(18–21) Besides, nanoparticles have the
mice. We revealed that the accumulation of gold nanoparticles was advantages of small size (1–100 nm) and ability to evade the
detected inside B16F10 culture cells after 18 h of incubation, and immune system,(22,23) and also have been shown to preferentially
moreover, the gold nanoparticles were shown to be colocalized accumulate in tumors.(24–28)
with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in cells. Furthermore, While previous studies have primarily examined the dose
gold nanoparticles radiosensitized melanoma cells in the colony enhancement factor by Au, it is also known that radiation-
formation assay (P + 0.02). Using a B16F10 tumor-bearing mouse induced apoptosis is a significant component of radiation-induced
model, we further demonstrated that gold nanoparticles in cell death. Consequently, modulating the apoptotic response and
conjunction with ionizing radiation significantly retarded tumor thereby the radiosensitivity is of interest.(29–34) Therefore, in the
growth and prolonged survival compared to the radiation alone current study, we investigated the dose-enhancing effect and
controls (P < 0.05). Importantly, an increase of apoptotic signals was apoptotic potential of gold nanoparticles in combination with
detected inside tumors in the combined treatment group (P < 0.05). single-dose clinical electron beams on B16F10 melanoma
Knowing that radiation-induced apoptosis has been considered a tumor-bearing mice.
determinant of tumor responses to radiation therapy, and the
length of tumor regrowth delay correlated with the extent of Materials and Methods
apoptosis after single-dose radiotherapy, these results may suggest
the clinical potential of gold nanoparticles in improving the outcome Preparation of AuNP. AuNP were prepared as previously
of melanoma radiotherapy. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1479–1484) described with slight modifications.(35) All glassware used in
these preparations was thoroughly cleaned in aqua regia (3 parts
HCl and 1 part HNO3), and all solutions were made using
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