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Heat transfer

43. A heat exchanger is to be designed to transfer heat to a certain cold fluid. The given conditions are:
h=5 kg/min, c=10 kg/min, Thi=85C, Tci=27C, Tco=25C, Cpc=2.93 KJ/kg-K. What flow pattern will
be best suitable to the system?

Given:

h = 5 kg/min; Thi=85C

c = 10 kg/min; Tci=27C; Tco=25C; Cpc=2.93 KJ/kg-K

Required: Best suitable flow pattern

Solution: Assume: hot fluid (water)

5/ min (4.184 ) ( 85) = 10/ min (2.93 ) (55 27)

= 45.7839

Parallel flow
1 = 85 27 = 58
2 = 45.7839 55 = 9.2161
58 9.2161
= = .
58
(9.2161)

Countercurrent flow
1 = 85 55 = 30
2 = 45.7839 27 = 18.7839
30 18.7839
= = 23.9559
30
(18.7839)


Momentum

15. A mixture of quartz and galena of a size range from 0.015 mm to 0.065 mm is to be separated into
two pure fractions using a hindered settling process. What is the minimum apparent density of the fluid
that will give this separation? The density of galena is 7500 kg/m3 and the density of quartz is 2650 kg/
m3.

Given:

galena = 7500 kg/m3

quartz = 2650 kg/m3


Size range = 0.015 mm 0.065 mm

Required: minimum apparent density of the fluid to give separation

Solution: let A-galena; B-quartz

larger particles as heavier


0.065 2650
=
0.015 7500
= 77772.8125 /3

0.065 7500
=
0.015 2650
= . /

Calc 1 & 2

7. Impure sulfur is burned to SO2 for conversion to SO3 in a sulfuric acid plant. Orsat analysis of the
burner shows 9.32% SO2, 6.93% O2. The charge fuel contains 48% sulfur. What percent of the sulfur
fired leaves as SO3?

Given:
Burner Gas (Orsat)
9.32 % SO2
Burner 6.93 % O2
(83.75 % N2)
Feed
48 % S
52 % inerts
Required: %S converted to SO3

Solution: Basis: 100 kmol of Burner Gas (Orsat)

3
+ 3
2 2
21 2
2 = 83.75 2 [ ] = 22.26 2
79 2

2 = 22.26 9.32 6.93 = 6.01 2

2 = 2 3

1 3
3 = 6.01 2 [ ] = 4.01 3
3
2 2
4.01
% 3 = 100%
4.01 + 9.32

% = . %

Thermo 1

13. Calculate the pressure (in kPa) of a steam at a temperature of 500C and a density of 24 kg/m3 using
the Van der Waals equation.

Given: steam

T = 500C

= 24kg/m3

Required: Pressure in kPa

Solution:

From Appendix A
MW = 18.015
Tc = 647.1 K
Pc= 220.55 bar

= 2

272 2 27(0.082052 647. 12 )
= = = 5.465020296
64 1
64220.55
1.01325
0.08205647.1
= = = 0.0304908512
8 8220.55 1
1.01325
18
= = = 0.75 3 /
24

0.08205773.15 5.465020296
=( ) 101.325
0.750625 0.2439268096 0.752

= .

Transpo

30. A hose shoots water straight up a distance of 2.5m. The end opening on the hose has an area of 0.75
cm2. How much water comes at in 1 minute?

Given:

D = 2.5 m

A = 0.75 cm2

t = 1 minute

Required: Volume of H2O

Solution:

1
2 =
2

2 2
= 29.812.5
2


= 7.0036

2
1 2 1000
= 7.0036 (0.75 ) ( ) (60) ( )
100 13

= .
Thermo 2

46. An adiabatic steady state steam turbine is being designed to serve as an energy source for a small
electrical generator. The inlet to the turbine will be steam at 600C and 10 bar with a velocity of 100 m/s
and a flowrate of 2.5 kg/s. The conditions at the turbine exit are 400C, 1 bar and a gas velocity of 30
m/s. the rate at which work (kW) can be obtained from this turbine is.

Given: Turbine: steam = 2.5 kg/s

Inlet Outlet

T1 = 600C T2 = 400C

P1 = 10 bar P2 = 1 bar

u1 = 100 m/s u2 = 30 m/s

Required: Work in kW

Solution: using Table 2-305 (HB)

Inlet: @ 1 MPa
Tsat = 450.8728 K
T1>Tsat; Superheated steam
H1=3702.2834 KJ/kg

Outlet: @ 0.1 MPa


Tsat = 372.4703 K
T2>Tsat; Superheated steam
H1=3281.9153 KJ/kg


= 2.5 (3281.9153 3702.2834)

= .

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