Chapter seven Design of Footings

Chapter seven Design of Footings

Actual Soil Pressures
The soil pressure at the surface of contact between a footing and the soil is assumed to be
uniformly distributed as long as the load above is applied at the center of gravity of the footing,
Figure (a). This assumption is made even though many tests have shown that soil pressures
are unevenly distributed due to variations in soil properties, footing rigidity, and other factors.
As an example of the variation of soil pressures, footings on sand and clay soils are
considered. When footings are supported by sandy soils, the pressures are larger under the
center of the footing and smaller near the edge, Figure (b). The sand at the edges of the
footing does not have a great deal of lateral support and tends to move from underneath the
footing edges, with the result that more of the load is carried near the center of the footing.
Should the bottom of a footing be located at some distance from the ground surface, a sandy
soil will provide fairly uniform support because it is restrained from lateral movement.
Just the opposite situation is true for footings supported by clayey soils. The clay under
the edges of the footing sticks to or has cohesion with the surrounding clay soil. As a result,
more of the load is carried at the edge of the footing than near the middle [see Figure (c)].
The designer should clearly understand that the assumption of uniform soil pressure
underneath footings is made for reasons of simplifying calculations and may very well have
to be revised for some soil conditions. Should the load be eccentrically applied to a footing
with respect to the center of gravity of the footing, the soil pressure is assumed to vary
uniformly in proportion to the moment, as illustrated
Chapter seven Design of Footings

Column PDL PLL MX MY

DL LL DL LL
C1 155 21.5 3.7 1 71.57 16.14
C3 208.24 24.7 8.37 0.7 38.6 10.7
C4 76.66 11.71 5.4 1.03 55 13.37
C5 256.26 48.26 0 0 112.44 29.57
C7 398.47 58.87 0 0 30.64 8.5
C8 143 24.84 0 0 64.32 15.77
Chapter seven Design of Footings
Footing for c6 column
= 0.63 0.35 8 24 = 43.68 = 256 .25
= 48.26
= 437.216
= 29.57 . = 112.44 .
= 182.6 .
182.6
= = = 0.41
437.216
0.65
= 2 ( + + ) = 2 (0.41 + + 0.5) = 2.5
2 2
= 80
348.2
= = = 1.75
2.5 80
Use base 2.5 * 1.75

Check base thickness at c7 column

= 0.63 0.35 4 24
= 15.2
= 398.47 = 58.87
= 590.5

0.45
= = 1.28 < 2
0.35
( ) = 0.33 = 0.75

( ) = 0.33 0.7535 = 1.464

4 2 + 2(1 + 2 ) =
( )
590.5 1000
4 2 + 2(350 + 450) = = 275
1.464
= 275 + 75 + 25 = 375
Chapter seven Design of Footings
Footing for c5 column

142 106
= = = 2.25
2 0.9 1000 2752
420
= = = 14.11
0.85 0.85 35

1 2 1 2 2.25 14.11
= [1 1 ]= [1 1 ] = 0.0055
14.11 420

28
1 = 085 0.05 = 0.8
7
0.85 1 600 0.85 0.8 35 600
= = = 0.033
+ 600 420 420 + 600
= 0.75 = 0.75 0.033 = 0.0247 > 0.0055
1.4 1.4
= = = 0.0033 < 0.0055
420
= = 0.0055 1000 275 = 923 2
20 ( = 3152 )
923
= =3
315
Chapter seven Design of Footings

Column C1 C3 C4 C5 C7 C8
220.2 246 101.33 348.2 470 180.84
87.71 49.3 68.37 142 39.14 80.1
Base dim 1.75*2.5 2.5*2.5 1.75*2.5 1.75*2.5 2.5*2.5 1.75*2.5
50.33 40 30 69.64 79.58 51.66
0.4 0.2 0.67 0.41 0.08 0.44
c 0.52 0.825 0.35 0.515 0.95 0.58
0.65 0.45 0.45 0.65 0.45 0.45
1.33 1.225 1.7 1.335 1.1 1.47

Long direction
44.5 30 43.35 62 48.14 55.8
d 275 275 275 275 275 275
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1.614 1.088 1.572 2.25 1.746 2.02
14.11 14.11 14.11 14.11 14.11 14.11
0.004 0.0026 0.0038 0.0055 0.0042 0.005
0.0247 0.0247 0.0247 0.0247 0.0247 0.0247
0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033
0.004 0.0033 0.0038 0.0055 0.0042 0.005
700 578 665 923 735 875
20 20 20 20 20 20
314 314 314 314 314 314
N 3 2 3 3 3 3
20250 20250 20250 20250 20250 20250

0.7 1.075 0.7 0.7 1.075 0.7

12.33 23.11 3.35 17.06 46 12.65
d 175 175 175 175 175 175
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Short direction
0.44 0.83 0.12 0.62 1.67 0.46
14.11 14.11 14.11 14.11 14.11 14.11
0.001 0.002 0.0003 0.0015 0.0041 0.0011
0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033
0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0041 0.0033
578 578 578 578 718 578
20 20 20 20 20 20
314 314 314 314 314 314
N 2 2 2 2 3 2
20250 20250 20250 20250 20250 20250
Chapter seven Design of Footings
column c1
size 650*350

375
20 250 20 250
/ /
L=2.5m
B=1.75 m

column c3
size 450*350

375
20 250 20 250
L=2.5m
B=2.5 m

column c4
size 300*350
375

20 250 25 250
L=2.5m / /
B=1.75 m
Chapter seven Design of Footings
column c5
size 650*350

375
L=2.5m
B=1.75 m 16 300
20 110
/ /

column c7
size 450*350

375
20 250 25 250
/ /
L=2.5m
B=2.5 m

column c8
size 300*350
375

20 250 25 250
L=2.5m / /
B=1.75 m
Chapter seven Design of Footings