Civil Works Specification

CODICE CODE
Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_03
ENGINEERING PAGINA - PAGE
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CIVIL DISCIPLINE
TITOLO TITLE LINGUE DISPONIBILI AVAILABLE LANGUAGE: IT
CIVIL WORKS SPECIFICATION
N.B. Code S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023 replace the old code

S.28.CL.34032.00.023.02, it is intended that everywhere is reported the old
code it shall be considered as reference document this new one
File: S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023.03 CIVIL WORKS SPECIFICATION
Volpe Volpe Ulisse

3 10/04/2015 General modifications
Volpe Volpe Ulisse

2 06/03/15 General correction of external references
VAR-STP Volpe Ulisse

1 15/06/12
MF WH Papale
0 1/SEP/11 Emissione - Issued
PEI PEI EGP
REV. DATA DESCRIZIONE PREPARATO CONTROLLATO VALIDATO
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED CHECKED VALIDATED
PROGETTO / IMPIANTO CODICE CODE

PROJECT / PLANT
TIPO EMITT. PAESE TEC. IMPIANTO SISTEMA PROGRESSIVO REV.
... TYPE ISSUER COUNTRY TEC. PLANT SYSTEM PROGRESSIVE REV.
S 25 C L G 3 5 3 6 7 0 0 0 2 3 0 3
CLASSIFICAZIONE PUBBLICO AZIENDALE RISERVATO RISTRETTO RIF. ARCHIVIO 00000000
CLASSIFICATION PUBLIC COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL RESTRICTED ARCHIVE ID
Questo documento contiene informazioni di propriet di Enel Green Power SpA e deve essere utilizzato esclusivamente dal destinatario in relazione
alle finalit per le quali stato ricevuto. E vietata qualsiasi forma di riproduzione o di divulgazione senza lesplicito consenso di Enel Green Power
SpA.
This document is property of Enel Green Power SpA. It is strictly forbidden to reproduce this document, in whole or in part, and to provide to others
any related information without the previous written consent by Enel Green Power SpA.
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1.0 TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS AND MOBILIZATION .................................................................... 4

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................................................................. 4
1.2 WORK INCLUDED .............................................................................................................. 4
2.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS ............................................................................................................. 6

2.1 SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 TRACE AND LEVELING ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3 CLEARING ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND CLEANING .................................................................................. 7
3.0 EXCAVATIONS IN PLAIN MATERIAL AND ROCK ........................................................................... 7

3.1 SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................................................................. 7
3.2 EXCAVATION ................................................................................................................... 7
4.0 FILLINGS AND EARTHWORKS ................................................................................................. 10

4.1 GENERALITIES................................................................................................................ 10
4.2 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................... 11
4.3 METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................................... 11
4.4 SETTING ........................................................................................................................ 13
4.5 COMPACTING ................................................................................................................. 14
4.6 MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................ 14
4.7 LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS ............................................................................................. 14
5.0 CONCRETE WORKS .............................................................................................................. 15

5.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................ 15
5.2 CONCRETE .................................................................................................................... 15
5.3 TRANSPORTATION, POURING, AND CURING OF THE CONCRETE IN COLD CLIMATE ................. 25
5.4 FORMS .......................................................................................................................... 33
5.5 SPECIAL WORKS ............................................................................................................. 35
5.6 MORTARS ...................................................................................................................... 36
5.7 JOINTS ......................................................................................................................... 36
5.8 SCARIFICATION OF CONCRETE SURFACES ......................................................................... 40
5.9 USE OF STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE ....................................................................................... 40
5.10 REPAIRS ON THE CONCRETE .......................................................................................... 53
5.11 FLAWS AND TOLERANCES .............................................................................................. 54
5.12 SUPPLY AND SETTING OF REINFORCING STEEL ................................................................ 55
5.13 BEARINGS .................................................................................................................... 55
5.14 TOLERANCES IN THE SETTING OF REINFORCEMENTS ........................................................ 55
5.15 PREFABRICATED CONCRETE .......................................................................................... 56
6.0 MASONRY WORKS ................................................................................................................ 63

6.1 SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................ 63
6.2 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 63
6.3 PLASTER, FINISH, AND POLISHING ................................................................................... 63
6.4 BUSHHAMMERING ........................................................................................................... 63
7.0 CEMENT BRICK FLOORS ........................................................................................................ 64

7.1 SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................ 64
7.2 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................... 64
8.0 BLOCK PAVING ..................................................................................................................... 64

8.1 SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................ 64
8.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS ............................................................................................... 64
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9.0 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METALLIC WORKS ......................................................................... 65

9.1 SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................................. 65
9.2 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 65
9.3 LABOR ............................................................................................................ 65
9.4 WORKSHOP PROCESSING ........................................................................................ 66
9.4.1. Straightening ....................................................................................................... 66
9.4.2. Machining operations ........................................................................................... 66
9.4.3. Welding ........................................................................................................... 66
9.4.4. Executive techniques of welding ............................................................................ 66
9.4.5. Inspections and tests ............................................................................................ 67
9.4.6. Preassembly at workshop ...................................................................................... 67
9.4.7. Marking and shipping of parts ................................................................................ 67
9.5 QUALITY CONTROL ................................................................................................... 67
9.6 SAMPLES ............................................................................................................ 68
9.7 WORKSHOP DRAWINGS ............................................................................................ 68
9.8 CONDITIONS AND VERIFICATION ............................................................................... 68
9.9 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS ...................................................................................... 68
9.10 WORK ON YARD .................................................................................................. 68
9.11 RUST-RESISTING PAINT .......................................................................................... 68
9.12 RAINAGE GRATES................................................................................................... 69
9.13 METALLIC DOORS AND FITTINGS .............................................................................. 69
9.14 METALLIC STRUCTURE FOR FASCIA ........................................................................... 69
9.15 RAINFALL GUTTERS ................................................................................................ 69
9.16 GALVANIZED SHEET WATER TABLES ......................................................................... 70
10.0 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND FOUNDATION DESIGN ........................................ 70
11.0 OTHER REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 71

11.1 ROADS AND FINITURE OF THE PLATFORM .................................................................... 71
11.2 DEFINITION OF FLOOR LIVE LOADS .............................................................................. 71
11.3 GROUT SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................... 71
11.3.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................ 71
11.3.2. ROUGH CAST PLASTERING ....................................................................................... 71
11.3.3. TWO-COAT PLASTER ........................................................................................... 71
11.3.4. CEMENT PLASTER (RENDERING) ............................................................................... 71
11.3.5. PREMIXED PLASTER ............................................................................................ 72
11.4 FINISHING COAT .................................................................................................... 72
11.5 STUCCO FINISH .................................................................................................... 72
11.6 SURFACE FINISHING FOR AUTOCLAVED CEMENT ELEMENTS (GASBETON type) ................. 72
11.7 FINISHING TREATMENT ........................................................................................... 72
11.8 ACCESS PLATFORM, STAIRWAY AND LADDER REQUIREMENTS ......................................... 72
11.9 LANDSCAPING, ARCHITECTURAL FINISHES AND COLOR SCHEME .................................... 72
11.10 PIPE RACK REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 72
11.11 VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING ....................................................................... 72
12.0 STANDARDS AND CODES ......................................................................................... 72

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1. TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS AND MOBILIZATION
1.1. SCOPE OF WORK

The works covered by this Section consist in mobilization, demobilization, and transferring of labor, tools,
equipment, and materials to the work site, full installation of the Contractors construction plant, temporary
warehouses, basic services, Owners Supervisor office, and other construction facilities.
The Contractor shall know and respect all the regulations, ordinances and limitations in force locally with
particularly reference to safety, environment and protection of the territory.
1.2. WORK INCLUDED
1.2.1. Temporary Services

Along the work line, the Contractor should settle the supply of potable water and reserve fire water suitable
for the construction processes, as well as electricity, light, and surveillance/security during the whole
necessary time in the carrying-out of the jobs.
If there are several water and electrical power sources in the adjacent zones, the Contractor shall be
responsible of identifying and procuring their utilization, and to guarantee the supply of these services with
appropriate quality. Any cost for these services shall be exclusively on behalf of the Contractor.
The Contractor shall be sure to have water reservoirs sufficient enough to store a minimum of ten (10) cubic
meters of clean water. These reservoirs can be metallic or plastic.
The Contractor shall provide their own electric generators of diesel or gasoline on site as to fulfill the work
needs; no construction power will be made available by EGP.
1.2.2. Temporary Facilities

These facilities should be located near the work place, within the Owners properties.
The Contractor should submit to the Owner the schemes, locations, dimensions, and descriptions related to
the temporary facilities within the next thirty (30) days after the signing of the Contract.
These facilities shall be functional and built with materials in acceptable condition and of good quality. The
Contractor shall guarantee their durability through the project.
No temporary facilities can be carried out if the Contractor has not obtained the Owners authorization.
These Facilities include:

a. To establish temporary, Contractors office, sanitary services, drainage adequate for rainfall and
final disposal of sewage, and also other temporary facilities such as magazine and workshops.
b. Construction of warehouse for the storage of materials.
1.2.3. Site Camp

The Contractors camp shall include the following:
a. Construction and supply of comfortable and safe offices, mess halls, and other facilities for the
personnel;
b. Construction and supply of service buildings necessary for carrying out works such as deposits,
workshops, warehouses, and magazine.
1.2.4. Protective fence

The Contractor shall build a protective fence of galvanized sheet, fiber cement, or other approved material,
over a wooden structure around the powerplant site.
Such fence should have a minimum of 2 meters over the level

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1.2.5. Office for the Contractor

The office for the Contractors shall be the convenience of the Contractor, with previous authorization of the
owner.
The offices shall have sanitary services, electric lightning, illumination, and supply of drinking water,
sewerage, furniture and air-conditioned in all rooms. There is no telephone service at site; the Contractor
must communicate via satellite phone.
The sanitary services will include one washbasin, a toilet, towel holders, soap dispenser, mirror, and floor
drainage.
The electrical installations is by the contractor
1.2.6. Construction of the Warehouse

A warehouse will be used to store materials, equipment, and tools. The dimensions of the warehouse are
upon the Contractors judgment, but their length shall allow the full storage of p.v.c. tubes under the roof.
The Contractor shall submit to the Supervisor a scheme of the location, measures, and description of the
warehouse, prior its construction
1.2.7. Temporary Drainage

It comprises the supply of materials, labor, and tools necessary for the construction of temporary drainage
that allows the adequate drainage of rainfall water during the jobs, taking in consideration the expected
maximum precipitations. Contractor shall maintain pipes and ditches free of sediment.
It is necessary to consider a momentary rainfall of a minimum intensity of 5mm in 5 minutes, and not less
than 50 mm per hour, for the project of temporary drainage of rainfall waters. The area shall be drained by
means of the following devices:
Drainage open gutters
Underground piping network
Drilled piping for water dispersion placed in trenches filled with gravel or other material that allows the
drainage of rainfall water.
The rainfall water drainage pipes shall behaving an expected minimum diameter of 250 mm in order to
avoid the obstruction of the pipes due to the hauling of solid material.
The Contractor will submit to the Supervisor peak rainfall calculations and a scheme that indicates the
location and diameter of the pipes to be used before they are constructed. The Contractor cannot remove
the temporary drainages until the work is finished.
Once the work is finished, all Temporary installations shall be removed without any cost for the Owner. All
necessary repairs should be done for any damage caused by the construction or removal of such
installations.
If by easing the work the Contractor needs to modify the Temporary facilities, or needs to change them to
other place during the process of the work, Owner will not be held responsible for the additional costs.
The Contractor shall be responsible for any work, supply, or installation not mentioned in these
Specifications, but which are necessary to deliver to the Owner the complete office with everything required
for its use.
1.2.8. Sign
The Contractor is required to place a good quality sign at all project access points with the following details:
Name of the Project

Name of the Owner
Name of the Constructor
Name of the Supervisor
Financing Source
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Any other indication given by the Project Director
The Project Director shall approve the design of the sign and it shall be built in such a way that it is kept in
good conditions during the construction of the work.
1.2.9. Mobilization of Equipment, Tools, and Construction Materials

The Contractor should transport to the Work Site the construction equipment, tools, and materials to be
used in the works, understanding that all of them should be in good conditions and normal functioning
during all the time of the carrying-out of the works.
Before starting the transportation, the Contractor shall elaborate and provide to the Supervisor the list of
equipment, tools, and materials with their main technical features.
Contractor shall submit a plan for review showing the areas where equipment and materials will be stored
on the site.
2. PRELIMINARY WORKS
2.1. SCOPE OF WORK

This Section is related to the topographic works, revisions, checking, work drawings, and other activities
needed in order to prepare all the areas where the works will be carried out. Moreover, it refers to other
works such as clearing and topsoil stripping in areas affected by excavations, earthfills, and other temporary
or permanent works.
2.2. TRACE AND LEVELING

The Owner will carry out some preliminary design and civil works. The Contractor will carry out the initial
layout until achieving the constructive final trace of the Projects general designs presented by the Owner.
The trace and leveling activities in any item of contracted work should be included in their unitary price.
Such activities should be carried out based on the procedures, tolerance, or any other specifications
mentioned in this document or defined by the Supervisor (EGP representative). Such activities shall be
carried out based on schemes, drawings, or designs.
It is the Contractors responsibility to mark the location of the different works in the site, according to the
drawings or points and levels indicated by the Supervisor before the works start.
The Contractor should observe the levels indicated in the drawings of each work. The Supervisor can verify
the accuracy of the location and levels, but the Contractor is responsible for it. Any work cannot start without
the Supervisors authorization.
Maximum tolerance of levels and dimensions: 0.5 cm.
The planimetric and topographical position of the references shall be established by means of adequate
instruments approved by the Supervisor, who shall also define the accuracy rates of readings and
calculation, in accordance with the nature of the works.
The topographical works should be referred to the concrete reference monuments placed by others during
the carrying-out of the polygonal bases that are indicated in the drawings submitted by the Owner.
For their guarantee, the Contractor shall place auxiliary or reference benchmarks along the construction
axis, fixed points, and other work areas.
If necessary, the Contractor should carry out the topographic surveying of cross sections along the axis of
installations, structures, piping, equipment, fittings, and chutes, observing the location and elevation
according to drawings, designs, or indication of the Owners Supervisor.
All necessary cross sections shall have a width enough to cover the area of the works to be carried out and
defined by the Supervisor.
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2.3. CLEARING
2.3.1. Generalities
The clearing in the cutting of trees, the stump pulling, and clearance of all vegetation, shrubs, rotten wood,
tree trunks, removal of fences, stakes, and other obstacles that interfere with the Works.
The material removed in the clearing operation shall be dislodged from the work areas or shall be burned
according to the Supervisors instructions, and then it shall be taken to dumps authorized by the Owner,
prior inspection.
It is forbidden to throw wastes in ravines and creeks; neither any material can be settled in riverbeds or
riverbanks where it can be washed out by water.
The Contractor shall be extremely careful during the burning of combustible elements in order to avoid the
spreading of fire that could cause damages to public or private property.
2.3.2. Limits
The limits of the clearing shall be indicted in the construction plans or shall be settled by the Supervisor.
These limits shall be within the property of the Owner. If at any time it is necessary to make the clearing in
any other area, the Owners Supervisor will authorize it through a field log.
In the areas where the ground is soft, the clearing and cleaning shall be limited to what is needed in the
construction of the Work in order to keep the existing vegetation covering on the largest possible area, as a
measure to avoid erosion
2.4. TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND CLEANING

Topsoil stripping and cleaning shall consist on the elimination of weeds, wastes, roots, and all organic layer
or material unacceptable in area of excavation for the foundations, drainages, walls, and other works. A soil
layer of fifty (50) centimeters thick shall be stripped.
The material removed in the topsoil stripping and cleaning operation shall be cleared away from the area of
permanent works, or it shall be disposed according to the Supervisors instructions.
It is forbidden to throw spoils in ravines and creeks; neither any material can be settled in riverbeds or
riverbanks where it can be washed out by the water.
The surface of the ground that shall be under the earthwork, and in places from where materials shall be
taken for the same, should be clear from tree trunks, roots, and vegetation materials of any kind.
3. EXCAVATIONS IN PLAIN MATERIAL AND ROCK
3.1. SCOPE OF WORK

Under this item the Contractor shall carry out the entire earthwork after receiving the plant area leveled and
compacted, including cuts and earthfills in terraces, excavations for different structures such as foundations,
ducts, and other complementary works., the discharge of unsuitable materials, construction of earthworks,
their compacting and grading up to the elevations of the subgrade, refining of terraces, disposition of the
remaining or unsuitable materials.
The Contractor is responsible for the site survey and the methodology for the correct dislodging of the
unsuitable material.
3.2. EXCAVATION
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3.2.1. Objective
This Section refers to the works of excavation, loading, transportation, unloading of plain material and ledge
rock necessary for the Power Plant Unit construction.
Under this item the Contractor shall carry out the earthworks, including dislodging of unsuitable or remaining
material, necessary for the construction to be adjusted to the alignments and cross sections at subgrade
levels. It shall include excavation in lateral enlargements, cut and grading of slopes, compacting, and final
refinement of the cuts.
The Contractor shall perform subgrade inspections to determine if subgrade soils have adequate
compaction and bearing capacity before any fill is placed, using water and proof roll with a heavy truck.
The excavated materials cannot be wasted without the Owner Supervisors written permission. The
excavation for the power plant area platform, tanks in the area, and access road shall be carried out
according to the sections authorized by the Supervisor. EGP will deliver the graded platform to the
Contractor, but some additional excavations on the platform will be required for foundations, etc.
a) Topsoil stripping. It is considered as the discharge of the surface layer of material, up to a depth of 50
centimeters, or up to a depth indicated by the Supervisor
b) Excavation. It consists on the satisfactory discharge and disposal of all the materials that can be
manually removed, by means of excavation machinery or by the use of drilling and explosives.
During the process of excavation, the zone should be kept drained at all times.
c) Disposal of the material from the excavations. All material coming from the excavations shall be
used in priority in the grading of earthworks or fillings, or any other uses, according to the
drawings or indicated by the Supervisor. The remaining and unsuitable materials including
organic soils, clays of high plasticity and soils highly damp, which are impossible to dry, shall be
disposed according to the Supervisors order; furthermore, the Contractor can dislodge
acceptable material if authorized by the Supervisor, as long as the Contractor replace it, in order
to meet the requirements of the project, with material that under the Supervisors judgment it is
equal or superior in quality and without any additional cost for Owner.
1) Unsuitable Material
All the materials that are discharged in the excavations and are unsuitable for the use in
earthworks shall be appropriately settled by the Contractors account and risk in areas shown in
the drawings, unless the Supervisor states or indicates otherwise.
2) Remaining Material
All suitable excavated material that is not necessary for the grading of earthworks, fillings, or any
other uses, shall be considered as remaining material and its disposal shall be done according to
the following methods:
i. Dislodging to zones adjacent to the construction of the project, in lands property of third
parties, prior authorization of the land owner. The Contractor shall be responsible to take
the necessary steps in order to obtain such authorization.
ii. Dislodging in the zone of the project,
d) The materials resulting from the strip topsoil shall be carried immediately after the carrying-out of
such operation to dump zones authorized by the Supervisor, where they do not interfere with the
construction works or cause damages to third parties. In these zones the materials will be disposed
in layers, approximately horizontal.
3.2.2. Methods of Excavation

The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the approval of the Supervisor the detailed methods of
excavation of each section and the type of digging, at least fifteen (15) working days before the beginning of
the corresponding operations.
The approval by the Supervisor will not exempt the Contractor from his responsibility regarding damages
caused by the excavation operations on the work and/or third parties.
Such methods shall indicate: equipment to be used, performing phases, temporary and permanent
bearings, predicted productions, planned and contingency security measures; other information requested
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by the Supervisor.
The Contractor shall take into account all possible precautions and use the most suitable excavation
methods in order to avoid the breaking of rock and its contingent displacement off the lines of estimated
working area.
The excavations shall be carried out through suitable methods so the final alignments and dimensions are
in accordance with the ones indicated in the Contractor drawings and approved by the Supervisor.
Lines and dimensions of the excavations can be changed in relation to the ones indicated in the drawings,
before and during the performance of the works, and the Contractor will not have the right to any additional
economical compensation.
3.2.3. Use of Explosives

The methods and means of storage, transportation, and handling of explosive shall be previously approved
by the Supervisor.
The Contractor shall take into account all the necessary measures in order to avoid any damage on people
and works in construction or already carried out.
The Contractor should observe all the laws and standards related to the transportation, storage, and use of
explosives. The failure in meeting the fundamental necessary precautions will be reason enough for the
Supervisor to order the suspension of the work because of the Contractor.
The explosive shall be used in such amount and power that it will not cause fissures or damages in the rock
in the proximity of the final lines of excavation or in the existing plant facilities.
The Contractor will submit to the approval of the Supervisor, at least five (5) days in advance, the general
schemes of drilling, load, and explosion for each type of excavation and for each type of rock. The
characteristics of the explosive, distribution and amount of the loads, diameter of the drills, type and number
of the detonators, and the start system will be indicated in the scheme mentioned above.
The Supervisor shall approve or notify the Contractor about his observations, and the Contractor will adapt
his program to the Supervisors indications.
The Supervisor will approve all typical blasting for the excavation.
The Supervisors approval of the methods of explosion, amount and power of the explosives, their storage
and transportation does not exempt the Contractor from his responsibilities regarding contingent damages
caused on people or works due to the use of explosives.
The unstable or loose material that appeared after the blasting, which can become a danger for the
personnel, shall be removed immediately by pickaxes, rods, wedges, water and air jets, suitable for the
Supervisor.
The use of explosive in distances less than 20 meters from the already done structures shall not be
accepted because the vibrations can damage the structures.
3.2.4. Bearings of the Excavations

The Contractor, during the excavations, shall assure the stability of the excavation surfaces, using, where
necessary, shoring, impermeable frameworks and covers to be approved by the Supervisor, in quantities
enough to guarantee the safety of work. The Supervisor can order the use of additional frameworks besides
the ones used by the Contractor, when he judges the existence of dangers for the security of the workers
and/or the good preservation of the Permanent Works.
After finishing the works, all protection or temporary framework that is left in the work site should be
removed from the excavation area.
3.2.5. Drainage
During the excavations, the Contractor will take into account all the measures necessary to avoid the
formation of pools and to eliminate the runoff of water and puddles on the surface, which can damage
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structures, cause landslides, and obstruct the areas of work and access.
3.2.6. Landslides
Landslides of materials occurred out from the lines set for the excavations shall be removed and the slopes
shall be stabilized, if necessary, by filling the voids according to the Supervisors dispositions.
If the works carried out by the Contractor causes such a landslide, failing to meet the technical
specifications, these shall be financed by the Contractor and shall be carried out immediately. Before this
situation, the Contractor shall take all the possible precautions and shall use the most suitable excavation
methods in order to avoid landslides out of the lines of excavation indicated in its drawings and approved by
the Supervisor.
When the landslide occurs in a zone assigned to be in contact with concrete, the void left should be filled
with concrete of the type established by the Supervisor.
4. FILLINGS AND EARTHWORKS
4.1. GENERALITIES
The Contractor shall examine the nature and distribution of the materials to be consolidated. The
compacting of the terraces that will grade the work shall be carried out according to the cross sections
shown in the drawings and within the tolerances specified in this document.
particularly reference to safety, earth construction, environment and protection of the territory.
During the process of consolidated filling, the area should be kept well drained at all times.
In the general Earthwork, when the filling is performed over concrete pipes, the use of compacting
equipment shall not be allowed as long as there is not a minimum filling of one meter (1.00 m.) over such
structures.
For earthworks, the granular material will be considered like having the best quality, that is to say, the one
that has the highest unitary dry weights, the highest percentage of materials retained by screen No 200 and
the lowest liquid limits.
Earthworks should be compacted up to a minimum density of ninety five percent (95%) of the maximum
density obtained in the laboratory, following the specific procedures of the norm AASHTO T180-734, D
method.
a) The required minimum of dry density of these materials after compacting shall be expressed in terms
of relative density. The term "relative density" shall be defined as follows:
Relative Density = Wn - Wmin x Wmax x 100%

W max - W min W n
In which: Wn = dry density in the site of soil of the earthwork aft er

compacting.
Wmax = dry density of the soil in its most dense state.
Wmin = dry density of the soil in its most loose state.
Wmax and Wmin shall be determined according to ASTM-D2049, "Relative Density of Cohesionless
Soils", or equivalent Chilean standard. Wmax shall be determined by the test method "Damp" or
"Dry", any of which that produces the highest maximum density in the laboratory.
b) The minimum relative density will be 85% percent. Medium relative density will be at least 95%
percent.
c) In order to determine the acceptability of the compacting, the density in the site of earthfill (Wn) shall
be measured not less than 40 centimeters under the surface of a compacted layer.
d) For assigned types of compacting equipment, the following table indicates the thickness of the layers
before the compacting and the number of full free passes required for the compacting, with such
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moisture content that does not result in the jam of the setting and compacting equipment. A "full
free pass" will be defined as the area entirely covered by a traversing of the specified equipment,
each traversing overlapping the adjacent traversing or compacted area by 0.2 m., by which pass
separate payment shall not be paid. Compaction must meet both the method and performance.
Specified Compacting N of free passes Thickness of the layer

Equipment required before the compacting
Vibratory Roller 5 60 cm
Roller with rubber tires 5 60 cm
e) The Supervisor can request an increase or decrease in the thickness of the layers. If its necessary to
increase or decrease the thickness of the layer, the number of free passes shall be adjusted in
proportion to the thickness. Satisfactory methods for the compacting of other materials that are not
previously listed can be used, such as caterpillar tractor and vibratory rollers. When such alternative
compacting methods are used, the Supervisor shall determine the appropriate number of free
passes and the maximum thickness of the layers before compacting.
4.2. MA TERIALS
Materials to be used in the construction of earthworks fillings should be of suitable soils, granular materials,
rock and various materials approved by the Supervisor.
All the materials used in the constructions should be clear from leaves, hay, roots, and other perishable
organic materials.
The materials that will be used in the construction of earthfills shall be of granular or rock nature, and
when soils and heterogeneous materials are used, their liquid limit should not exceed thirty (30) or
maximum limits defined by Chilean law, whichever is less. The maximum plasticity index of the soils with
liquid limit shall not exceed the requirements of Chilean law.
4.2.1. Material Without Classification

The non-classified material can consist of fragments of rock, gravel, clay mixed in such a way that it allows
achieving the required density and assures the stability of the work after the compacting. Unsuitable
materials, such as mud, silt, and clay that are not mixed with granular elements, shall not be admitted.
The maximum dimension of the stones that can be incorporated in the fillings and earthworks should not be
higher than 3/4 of the height of the compacting layers, except otherwise disposition by the Supervisor. The
quantity of stones with dimension > 0.6 of the height of the layer should not overcome the 20% in volume.
The material placed less than 50 centimeters from drainage pipes and sewers shall be well graded,
without stones with dimensions more than 10 centimeters.
4.2.2. Granular Material

The granular material will consist of hard strength rocky material, without cracks, clean and without a
covering of foreign materials or organic material.
The material shall not be accepted if in the Los Angeles (L.A.) abrasion test, the loss (using gradation A)
surpasses the 20% in weight, for 100 revolutions.
The granular material shall meet the following grading:
Screen ASTM Standard Percentage in weight that passes

Square Mesh through the individual screens
38 mm (1 1/2") 100
32 mm (1 1/4") 90 - 100
25 mm (1" ) 20 - 45
19 mm (3/4" ) 0 - 10
9.5 mm (3/8") 0 - 5
4.3. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

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4.3.1. Generalities
Earthworks shall be constructed with materials coming from the excavation, according to these
Specifications and in accordance with the alignments, slopes, profiles, cross sections, and dimensions
indicated in the drawings.
4.3.1.1. Types of Fillings and Earthworks

For the construction of the permanent works the following fillings and earthworks are foreseen:
a) Fillings and earthworks of non-classified materials;
b) Earthfills of granular material;
c) Earthfills of selected stones;
d) Soil compacted fillings with cement and lime.
4.3.2. Construction Methods of Earthworks

4.3.2.1. Generalities
All the areas where the earthworks will be built should be clean, cleared and stripped according as it is
stated before.
The material for the construction of the earthwork should be placed in consecutive horizontal layers, except
in slopes of solid rock in which only one layer can be placed with enough thickness to allow the work of the
construction equipment, having previously proceeded with the grading of the rock, according to the
indications given by the Supervisor, in order to ensure a satisfactory stability of the earthwork. Hillsides not
made with solid rock or narrow earthfills adjacent to existing slopes should be compacted from the foot of
the slope inwards, at a distance enough to ease field operations of transportation and compacting.
Saturated or unstable materials found shall be removed and placed as specified before.
The Contractor, without additional cost to the Owner, shall replace or repair all the sections of the earthwork
that have been damaged or displaced because of his lack of care or negligence.
4.3.2.2. Combined Filling of Earth and Rock

When the materials normally excavated consist of one part of the excavation of rock of more than twenty
cubic centimeters and the other part of excavation of earth, or granular materials, of less than twenty cubic
centimeters, these last ones should be placed in the central part of the earthfills and the larger parts or those
of more than twenty cubic centimeters, in the exterior part of the same. They should be placed in layers
having a thickness enough to contain the maximum size of rocky material of their content, but in any case
such layers cannot exceed sixty (60) centimeters, before compacting. The elevation of the central part of the
earthfill should be kept approximately at the same elevation of the exterior parts up and down the earthfill.
When there is not available rock, but until a large amount of earth from an excavation has been removed, the
central core of earth can be constructed in advance and the exterior parts of rock can be placed when these
ones are available, constructing such exterior parts separately of the earthfill from the foundation up to the
elevation of the central part. When changing from a complete rock earthfill section to a combined section,
special care should be placed in filling the upper hollows of the central part with small stones in order to
prevent from losses in the central core of earth of the section that is placed later.
4.3.2.3. Earthfill of Rock and Accompanying Fines
a. The layers of such materials should not exceed one (1.00) meter of thickness (loose) and they will be
different depending on the maximum size of the materials that are being placed.
The material should be dumped and spread in order to form with the fragments of the largest rock
the exterior part of the slope of the earthwork and with the smallest fragments of the material
should form the interior part of the earthfill, filling the hollows found.
The maximum thickness of the dumped material shall not exceed the depth at which it has been
deposited by the transportation equipment. It is strictly forbidden to dump material from heights
higher than two meters without being placed in layers as it has been described.
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b. In general, the rock will be placed in such a way that forms the base of the rock fill to up and down
the cross section, in the slope or side slopes of an earthwork in construction or already made,
which requires a widening or where the surplus of rock can be dumped, or in the side slopes or in
the crest of a compacted earthwork, built with materials that do not consist in rock.
c. Before placing a rock fill above a compacted earth fill, it will be given to its upper part a grade of
approximately ten percent from the center to the sides, and it will be carefully compacted all the
loose material. The rock will be placed in such a way that water cannot drain the voids contained
within the filling material.
d. The rock fill should be placed in layers, in which the height does not exceed one meter and work
should be performed as ordered by the Supervisor. The rock that cannot be incorporated in the
layers of one (1.00) meter of thickness, should be reduced in sized until this is possible, or be
substituted by a volume of equivalent suitable material, according to the same specification,
without any additional cost due to the substitution of materials. Special care should be placed in
the placing of the rock so the side slopes are substantially in accordance with the requirements of
the drawings.
4.3.2.4. Earth Fill Compacted with Soil-Cement

In cases where soil decomposition occurs due to the nature of the same or loose soil, this should be
restored using soil-lime or soil-lime-cement mixtures at the depths indicated by the Supervisor.
The restoring can be done exclusively when:

the soil is free from plasticity;
the lithoid elements have 60mm maximum diameter;
the organic material content is inferior to 3%;
the soil belongs to following categories (Soil classification HRB-AASTHO): A6, A7, A51 (when with
volcanic origin), A2-6 and A2-7 when sieved fraction of 0.4mm not inferior to 35%, A5 with PLASTIC
INDEX > 8.
The soil-lime mixture composition shall be fixed in accordance with results of laboratory tests.
In any case the lime quantity shall not be inferior to 2% in weight.
Before beginning the intervention, the Contractor should carry out tests upon the different types of mixture
to be used in the works.
The soil-lime mixture is considered suitable if has the following minimum characteristics:
lime initial content >1,5%;
C.B.R. index >30%
reinflation after four (4) immersion days <1,5%
compressive strength Rc>1,2 MPa
In any case, the restoring shall be done according to ASTM D 558 (AASHTO T-134) Relationship Density
Moisture in Mixtures of Soil Cement.
4.4. SETTING
After the discharge, the material shall be spread by means of a bulldozer, shovels, or any other approved
equipment in layers horizontally as possible.
The maximum thickness of each layer, after compacting, shall be 40 centimeters.
Stone of superior size to that one accepted shall be removed before staring the compacting operations.
The setting should be carried out in such a way to ensure a good homogeneity of the materials and prevent
the segregation.
The water content of the non-classified material of each layer should be able to gain the maximum
compacting rate. Humidifying of the material can be carried out in the site of excavation or in the area of
compacting.
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The setting of the material directly against the structures, sewers and piping shall be carefully carried out, in
such a way that prevents from damaging the permanent works.
The fill shall not be set in contact with the concrete structures before at least 14 days have passed after the
pouring.
4.5. COMPACTING
In compacting earth fills within narrow places or ditches for pipes and other structures, automatic tamper
equipment can be used, such as pneumatic or gasoline engine tampers, or vibratory tampers.
The non-classified material and the granular material shall be consolidated after the setting.
The dry density of the compacted material should not be less than 95% of the maximum obtained with the
modified Proctor test, determined by the AASHTO T180-734 test, D method.
En each case, the layers of filling or earthwork with non-classified material shall be compacted with no less
than six (6) complete passes with vibratory roller, with a weight of the vibrator drum not less than 15 kg per
axis centimeter, or other roller that makes an equivalent compacting rate. Each pass should overlap the
adjacent one for at least 40 centimeter. The rollers speed should not exceed 2 km/hr.
The zones of the earth fills and earthworks that are not accessible through rollers shall be compacted with
impulse tampers or vibrant plate tampers, until reaching a compacting rate not less than the one specified.
The setting and spread of new material in areas where compacting has not been finished shall not be
allowed.
In the case that during the excavation or compacting of the platform a fumarole is found, the disturbed
material should be overexcavated and restored up to the depth indicated by the Supervisor.
In the restoring with rock in the zone of the fumaroles, the Contractor shall not have the right to any
additional economical compensation.
The compacted filling should begin in the site or sites defined by the Project and approved by the
Supervisor, and it should continue until it is finished according to the drawings and specification.
During the compacted filling process, the zone should be kept well drained at all times.
Slopes, fills and chutes damaged by erosion during the construction of the fillings, should be re-graded by
the Contractor without any additional cost for the proprietor. Dirt or other various materials should not be
dumped or stored over the project.
In the general earthworks, when a filling is carried out over concrete pipes, the use of heavy compacting
equipment shall not be allowed until achieving a minimum fill of one (1.00) meter over such structure.
4.6. MAINTENANCE
The Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance of the earthworks during and after the construction
until the acceptance of the Work.
In case of landslides or erosion in any part of the earthwork, the Contractor shall remove the material from
the slumped or eroded zoned, and should rebuilt such part of the earthwork.
In case the landslide or erosion is due to the Contractors failure, the material moving and rebuilding of the
fill or earthwork shall be carried out by him, at his costs.
4.6.1. Samples and Tests

Sampling and tests of the filling material, as well as the tests ordered by the Supervisor in order to control
the compacting quality, shall be carried out at the Contractors costs and under the Supervisors inspection.
4.7. LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS

No material shall be deposited in the filling areas until the foundations are conveniently dried and adjusted,
as well as after the Supervisor has duly approved it.
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5. CONCRETE WORKS
5.1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

The concrete works must comply with the requirements of the Chilean regulations in effect.
In addition to said regulations and with reference to them concerning to nomenclature and procedures,
the requirements of this chapter shall apply; the latter are based on the European legislation and on the
ACI Recommendations 308-88 Cold Weather Concreting.
The Contractor shall supply concrete coming exclusively from concrete mixing plants certified by los
Laboratorios de Control Tcnico de Calidad de Construccin registered in the Registro Oficial de
Laboratorios de Control Tcnico de Calidad de Construccin del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo, in
accordance with decree N 10 del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo del 15.01.02. (Ordenanza General.)
In any case, the activities required in this chapter shall be conducted in accordance with the directions of
the Works Manager.
5 . 2 . CON CR ET E
5.2.1. Main regulatory references

The requirements of the pertinent Chilean standards shall always be met as well as the more stringent
requirements of this chapter, if provided.
Reference shall be made to:
Cemento. Terminologa, Clasificacin y Especificaciones

NCh 148 Of 68 Generales.
NCh 152 Of 71 Cemento. Mtodo de determinacin del tiempo de fraguado.
Cementos. Ensayo de flexin y compresin de morteros de
NCh 158 Of67 cemento.
NCh 160 Of 69 Cemento. Agregado tipo A para uso en cemento. Especificaciones
NCh 161 Of 69 Cemento. Puzolana para uso en cementos. Especificaciones.
NCh 163 Of 79 ridos para morteros y hormigones. Requisitos Generales.
NCh 170 Of 85 Hormign. Requisitos generales
NCh 171 EOf 75 Hormign. Extraccin de muestras del hormign
Hormign. Confeccin y curado en obra de probetas para
NCh 1017 EOf75 ensayos de compresin y traccin.
Hormign. Determinacin de la docilidad. Mtodo del asentamiento
NCh 1019. EOf74 del Cono Abrams
Hormign. Ensayo de compresin de probetas cbicas y
NCh 1037. Of 77 cilndricas.
NCh 1444/1. Of 80 ridos para morteros y hormigones
NCh 1498. Of82 Hormign. Agua de Amasado - Requisitos
Hormign. Determinacin de la densidad aparente del rendimiento,
NCh 1564. Of 79 del contenido de aire del hormign fresco.
NCh 1934 Of 92 Hormign preparado en central hormigonera.
- Standard EN 206 and EN Standards thereby cited;

- Standard EN 1992
- Standard EN ISO 9001:2008
5.2.2. Production
The concrete can be procured only from plants located within the worksites area, in accordance with
the requirements listed hereafter.
The concrete mixing plant shall be equipped with a pre-mixer of the type Starmix 4.60 or larger
(depending of the required hourly output.) http://imeplants.com/Starmix04.htm or
http://www.betonmec.com/mescolatori per calcestruzzo.htm ,
http://talleresalquezar.blogspot.com/search/label/Plantas%20de%20hormig%C3%B3n
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5.2.2.1. Laboratory
The concrete mixing plant shall be supported by an internal or external laboratory, having at least the
following equipment:
- ambient thermometers (min. and max.) and thermometers for concrete;
- disposable temperature sensors, to be inserted into the concrete castings, and data logger with at least
four channels to register the temperature during the concretes hydration (http://www.hannachile.com/),
to be utilised for large scale castings.
- oven to dry the aggregates samples;
- rigid metal containers (pan, tray) for weighing solid materials;
- complete set of sieves (base set plus series 1, in accordance with EN 12620);
- Ohaus precision mechanical scale, capacity of 20 kg and sensitivity of 0.1 g with set of weights;
- one 50 kg scale, sensitivity of 5 g;
- equipment to measure the sand equivalent and the methylene blue value in accordance with UNI EN 933-
8;
- pycnometers in accordance with UNI EN 1097-6;
- graduate cylinders of various capacities;
- rigid containers for measuring the density of fresh concrete, in accordance with the standard EN 12350;
- ethilic alcohol for measuring the composition of fresh concrete and the water/cement ratio, in accordance
with UNI 6393 (or AASHTO T 318 Water Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete Using Microwave Oven
Drying);
- Abrams cones in accordance with UNI EN 12350-2;
- drum type laboratory cement mixer having a capacity of 100 litres;
- adequate number of cubic moulds, 15-20 cm on the side, complying with the standard EN 12390-1,
manufactured by a company with a certified quality system;
- conditioning water storage thank / moist storage room. capable of ensuring continuously a temperature
within 18 and 22C and a relative humidity of 95%;
- class 1 testing machine for compression tests (minimum 200 t) complying with EN 12390-4;
- sclerometer (or rebound hammer).
5.2.3. Classification of the manufacturing units

When assessing the manufacturing units, special emphasis is placed on the structure of the producers
Quality System. The following must be documented:
- the organisation of the concretes producer;
- the characteristics of the concrete mixing plant and of the deposits of raw materials (with regard to the
data processing system adopted to manage the loads in automated plants, Enel reserves the right to
verify whether it is possible to alter the production cycles data and to request the certifying institutes to
certify that the part of the software that processes all sensitive data is inaccessible, in order to respect
the production of the qualified formulas; in the event that these certifying institutes are not interested in
issuing said certification or are unable to issue it, Enel reserves the right to obtain it from bodies
approved by it);
- the results of the checks and calibrations of the plants equipment (scales and dosing systems for water
and admixtures);
- the concretes dosing, mixing, and transportation system;
- the list of the equipment of the reference laboratory (the minimum equipment must comply with the
indications provided by the Guidelines for Structural Concrete of the Public Works Ministry);
- the results of the checks on the equipment (calibrations);
- the design procedures for the designed concrete mixtures;
- the list of qualified formulas, whose water/cement ratio must respect the limit values required for each
exposure class;
- the results of the raw materials characterisation tests;
- the statistical control methods applied to some parameters that define the concretes performance and
characteristics, showing the ongoing determination of the average strength and of the standard
deviation;
- the procedures to manage non-compliances.
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All abovementioned documents can be inspected by Enel and the producer must change its operating
procedures as requested by Enel.
In any case, Enels approval does not imply that Enel assumes responsibility and, therefore, it does not
modify or diminish the Contractors responsibility.
On the basis of the above considerations, the concrete mixing plant shall have the characteristics of class
B plants (Enel classification.)
Pre-qualification and qualification tests are compulsory. Checks in accordance with the requirements of
tables 5-1 and 5-6 must be carried out before and during the supply as well as in all cases in which, in
Enels final opinion, there are doubts regarding the materials characteristics and/or performance. The
plants shall be automated and, in any case, shall comply with the instructions contained in the attached
Guidelines.
5.2.4. Characteristics of the components

The Contractor shall ensure in advance that the materials having the required characteristics are available
in sufficient quantity to cover the foreseeable needs for building the various works.
The tests shall be repeated whenever it is found that there might be variations in the materials
characteristics or when alternative materials must be utilised, even for short periods.
With regard to the measurements of the amounts of the individual components, discrepancies greater than
3% relative to the specified values shall not be accepted for the cement, water, admixtures and additions
or individual aggregates.
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5.2.4.1. Cement
Portland slag cement (cemento siderurgico) 350 or Portland Pozzolana cement (cemento puzolanico) 350
shall be used (in accordance with standard NCh 0148); the cement shall have a compliance certificate
issued by a qualified laboratory.
Extract from the Chilean standard on cements; the two types

indicated in the text of this specification should be used.
The cement shall have the characteristics listed at 5-2

A single type of cement (type, class, manufacturer, and production facility) shall be used for the entire
works.
5.2.4.2. Aggregates
The aggregates, complying with NCh163, shall:
- possess the characteristics indicated at table 5-3, (which complies with UNI 8520-2:2005);
- have particle size distribution and be designated in accordance with the standard EN 12620, Table 2.
The aggregates shall be subdivided into at least three classes and their combination shall guarantee the
ongoing compliance with the design particle size distribution curve (grading).
The particle size distribution curve of the combined aggregate shall fall within limit grading curves
constructed with tolerances of 10% relative to the design grading curve, which shall be that of Fuller or
Bolomey.
The aggregates maximum nominal diameter shall be the smallest of: the minimum distance between the
reinforcing bars, one fifth of the structures minimum dimension and the bar covers value.
For pumped concrete, the sands fineness modulus, measured in accordance with Appendix B of the
standard UNI EN 12620, shall be between 2.4 and 3.0, and the percentage passing through the 0.25 mm
sieve shall be between 10% and 20% by weight, the percentage passing through the 0.125 mm sieve
shall be between 5% and 10% by weight.
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The content of material passing through the 0.25 mm mesh sieve, referred to the maximum size of the
aggregate, i
Concentration of fines as a function of the aggregates
maximum size
Maximum size of the aggregates Maximum fines content
(mm) (including cement) kg/m 3
8 525
16 450
32 400
50 350
The compliance of the aggregates and their mixtures with the requirements of the standards cited above
shall be attested by suitable tests performed by an official laboratory, which shall issue the certificate in
the form of a technical report which the Contractor (to his cost) shall submit to Enel.
5.2.4.3. Water
The mixing water shall comply with the requirements listed at point 4 of the standard UNI EN 1008:2003
and the analyses and checks shall be performed utilising the methods indicated thereby.
Water reclaimed from the concrete industrys processes may be used, in accordance with the requirements
at point A.2.1 and those at point A.4 of said standard.
The water shall have the characteristics listed at the attached Table 5-4.
5.2.4.4. Admixtures
The admixtures, whose characteristics shall comply with the requirements of
Tabella 5-4, shall be certified in accordance with the standard EN 934. The utilisation procedures
shall comply with the additives manufacturers requirements.
The admixtures used shall be supplied by a sole manufacturer, which shall certify their compatibility.
The Contractor shall provide the products approved by the Works Management, and their transportation
and storage at the worksite; it shall then utilise them adhering strictly to the utilisation instructions
prescribed by the additives manufacturer.
Superplasticizers
When building the power plants works, all concrete shall be produced utilising a superplasticizer-hardening
accelerator additive with high water reduction/in accordance with UNI 10765:1999:
Type Pozzolith NC 534 http://www.basf-
cc.com.ar/es/productos/aditivosparahormigon/PlastificantesAcelerantes/PozzolithNC534/Documents/Arg P
ozzolithNC534.pdf
Accelerating admixtures
In cold climates (see 5.3) accelerating admixtures must be used in combination with the superfluidifier and
utilising means of heating the concrete. A product of the type
POZZUTEC 20 or MASTERMIX NC 534 shall be used.
(http://www.basf-
Cc.com.br/PT/produtos/aditivos/POZZUTEC20/Documents/POZZUTEC%C2%AE%2020.pdf or
equivalent, complying with the standard EN 934, made up of nitrates, formates, and triethanolamine,
dosed at a rate of about 1-2% of the weight of the concrete.
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The solution utilised shall be free of chlorides so as not to be aggressive towards the reinforcements.
The admixtures explicitly denominated antifreeze are included within this type of additives.
The Contractor shall provide the accelerator approved by the Works Management, and its transportation
and storage at the worksite; it shall then utilise it adhering strictly to the utilisation instructions prescribed by
the admixtures manufacturer.
Because of the utilisation conditions, the company shall consult with the manufacturing firms with regard
to the combination of the plasticising and accelerating admixtures, in any case submitting its choices to
Enel. The products shall be always available at the worksite.
The Contractor shall verify their chemical-physical characteristics as well as their infrared spectroscopic
analysis attesting that the product utilised during the work meets the specifications declared and verified
when the admixture was adopted in the mixture's design.
Evaporation reducers
A surface evaporation reduction treatment of the CONFILM type from BASF shall be used to correctly cure
the castings of plinths and other horizontal surfaces and to avoid cracks caused by plastic shrinkage, also
when insulating blankets must be installed on the surfaces. The product, type http://www.basf-
cc.com.br/PT/produtos/superficie/CONFILM/Pages/default.aspx, complying with the standard ASTM C 309-
07 type I, shall be sprayed on the surfaces on which continuation of the casting is not planned. The
utilisation of this product will avoid covering the horizontal surfaces with wet nonwoven fabric or plastic
sheets to ensure adequate curing. The use of water is forbidden.
The Contractor shall provide the evaporation reducer approved by the Works Management, and its
transportation and storage at the worksite; it shall then utilise it adhering strictly to the utilisation instructions
prescribed by the admixtures manufacturer.
In the case of architectural concrete, it must be verified that the curing method planned does not yield
defects such as stains, fading, or other.
Enels authorisation is required to utilise any admixtures different from those listed above, and in any case
complying with the types of UNI EN 934-2. Before using them, the Contractor shall submit to Enel a study
and test results showing the type of additive to be used, the expected effects, and the advantaged of the
proposed application.
The pertinent essential information extracted from that included in the appendix ZA of UNI EN 934-2 shall
be included in the certification. The manufacturers must operate with a quality management system
certified in accordance with UNI 9001.
Expanding agents
In special cases and subject to specific approval by the Enels Works Management the use of admixtures
with expanding agents to limit shrinkage can be authorised (Stabilmac from MAC S.p.A. or equivalent)
http://www.basf-
cc.com.br/PT/produtos/grautes/MASTERFLOW490/Documents/MASTERFLOW%20490.pdf
Silicafume
A micro-silica based additive (Silicafume) of the type Rheomac SF 100 shall be used in newly constructed
structures intended to contain water or which in any case come into contact with the systems geothermal
fluids (e.g. new tanks for cooling towers, new reinjection tanks, new first flush diverter, etc.) and wherever
Enel requests it
http://www.basf-admixtures.com/en/products/silica fume/rheomac sf100/Pages/default.aspx the
dosage shall be prescribed by the manufacturer and approved by the Enels Works Management.
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5.2.5. Concretes characteristics

The various types of concrete allowed must have the characteristics listed in the attached
Tabella 5-5. A homogeneous concrete is a concrete made with the same component materials and
with the same characteristic strength.
5.2.5.1. Durability
Because of the works conditions and peculiarities, all concrete shall be made with slag or pozzolana
cement and with a water/cement ratio of 0.45; moreover, plastic micro-spheres with antifreeze function
shall be added for the parts exposed to the weather. These conditions guarantee the works durability.
5.2.5.2. Requirements for the materials to be used, water content
The materials used to prepare the concrete shall be perfectly suitable and shall be approved by
EnelsWorks Management.
Enel may request concrete with specific colour characteristics to satisfy architectural needs and only for
visible parts after the works and yards are completed.
In any case, the materials must correspond to the requirements of the European Standards, to which
reference is made for the type and number of checks and tests to be carried out on the materials, unless
otherwise specified in this Technical Specification.
The water/cement ratio shall be that given by the design indications and comply with standard EN 206, in
order to produce highly impermeable and compact concrete and to improve resistance to carbonatation
and to chloride attack; only when the design indications are lacking, a water/cement ratio no higher than
0.45 shall be employed for all reinforced concrete elements.
The control of what was described above is carried out, upon request by Enels Works management, by
verifying both the water introduced into the mixture and the inert materials moisture content (method
UNI 6393-1998.)
5.2.5.3. Concrete resisting freeze-thaw cycles
Hollow micro-spheres of the synthetic material Addiment MSC-AER SOLID shall be used for concrete
exposed to the surrounding environment, characterised by low temperature and possibly by freeze-thaw
cycles
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http://www.addiment.it/pdf prodotti/MSC%20AER%20SOLID.pdf ;
the spheres serve the same function as the air bubbles from aeration; they shall be used in amounts and
with the methods complying with the instructions in the products technical sheet.
The Contractor shall submit to the approval of the Works Manager the devices and methods of application
of the product.
5.2.5.4. Lean and filling concrete
Lean concrete for the foundations footing (lean concrete), for drainpipes support, etc, shall be dosed at a
rate of 150 kg of cement (type NCh 0148 high strength class 32.5 N/mm 2) for each m3 of mixture.
In special cases, Enels Works Management can request the use of lean concrete dosed at a rate of 50 kg
of the allowed cements and with inert material having a maximum size of 10 mm to make fillings etc.
5.2.5.5. Premixed concrete
Enel may authorise the Contractor, upon documented request, to procure premixed concrete from the
areas concrete mixing plants.
The Contractor shall, sufficiently in advance of the start of the pouring, carry out the investigations
required to define in detail the origin and characteristics of the materials to be used. These shall be
submitted to Enel for approval and Enel can demand that test castings and subsequent laboratory tests be
performed, all this at the Contractors expense.
5.2.5.6. Concrete casting off the works
Some items (conduits and/or cover slabs) must be prefabricated in accordance with the designs
requirements or as requested by Enels Works Management, by building light structural concrete products
having a minimum compression strength of Rck 25 N/mm 2 through castings off the works; the Contractor
can make these also outside the worksite.
The cover slabs shall be such that they can be joint-fitted to the works already prepared to receive them.
5.2.6. Tests on concrete

5.2.6.1. Pre-qualification studies
Before building the concrete works, the Contractor shall carry out a study to define in detail the materials to
be employed, the composition, and the methods of preparation adequate to making all types of concrete
required, by performing the tests indicated as under qualification in the attached tables:
- Table 5-2 for cement
- Table 5-4 for the water
- Table 5-5 for the admixtures
After having verified the characteristics of the raw materials with positive results, the Contractor shall
develop the various formulas through a theoretical study (mix design) in order to identify the amounts of the
various components that make up the various mixtures and their best combination, taking also into account
the class of environmental exposure.
During the pre-qualification experiments, 10 test pieces shall be made from each mixture; these test
pieces, in pairs, shall undergo the compression test at days1, 3, 7, 14, and 28, in accordance with the
requirements of UNI EN 12390-1/2/4.
During the preparation of the test mixture, in order to evaluate behaviours and performances, a series of
tests shall be carried out capable of determining also:
- the amount of effective water required to reach a slump of 30-50 mm for each mixture;
- the quantity of additive required to have the same concrete in the classes S3, S4, and S5.
The pre-qualification tests to prepare the concrete mixtures shall be performed three times, with an
evaluation of the amounts of water and additive to be utilised, in order to generate all data necessary to
build the correlations needed to develop all mixtures.
These tests can be performed also on the same day, utilising the same lots submitted to sampling.
Enel can request additional tests, either to prepare concrete of higher class, or to verify possible additional
requirements.
5.2.6.2. Qualification tests
After having pre-qualified the mixtures, the Contractor shall perform the pertinent qualification for each
homogeneous concrete utilised in the works.
For this purpose, the Contractor shall make at least 9 test batches for each of the formulas to be qualified.
Six test pieces shall be collected from each batch; four of them shall be used to perform the compression
strength test at days 7 and 28 in accordance with the requirements of UNI EN 12390-1/2/4; the two
remaining test pieces shall be kept in reserve.
The tests shall also be performed at hours 24 and 72 (10 cubes) in the case of concrete for the outer
chimneys, raising of the cooling towers, and similar castings made with climbing formworks.
In the design stage, an average strength 8N/mm 2 higher than the required characteristic strength shall be
considered for the first 9 sets of test pieces in each concrete class to be submitted to qualification.
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The Contractor shall perform the tests indicated in the attached Table 5-6 on the samples collected.
After 9 positive results are obtained on each type of concrete tested, the correlations obtained in the pre-
qualification phase shall be used, if appropriate, to make the necessary adjustments to the mixtures, which
will then be understood to be qualified.
Each mixture shall be univocally identifiable also in retrospect; to this end, all qualified mixtures must be
suitably identified through the following information:
- date of issue;
- concrete mixing plant(s);
- codes and origins of the raw materials utilised;
- amounts of raw materials to be utilised to make one m 3 of concrete with different dosages of cement per
m3;
- dosages of cement needed to obtain the indicated Rck;
- dosages of additive to obtain the indicated consistencies.
The characteristics of the materials to be used (including, for the cement, the make and the production
plant), as well as the composition, mixing time and preparation procedures of the various mixtures, defined
in the qualification tests, are binding on the Contractor and cannot be modified in any manner without
Enel's prior authorisation.
If the above parameters change, the Contractor must repeat the pre-qualification and qualification tests of
the mixtures.
5.2.6.3. Tests during the work
In general, the tests in the course the work shall be performed in accordance with the standard EN 206,
with the local standard regulations, and with the additional standards requested by Enel and listed
hereafter.
The Contractor shall carry out, in addition to the analyses and tests required by the regulations in effect,
also all those indicated in the following tables, with the frequencies thereby indicated.
- Table 5-2 for the cement;
- Table 5-3 for the inert materials;
- Table 5-4 for the water;
- Table 5-5 for the additives.
- Table 5-6 for the concrete mix.
The original certificates of the tests conducted must be submitted to Enel. Any other tests that the
Contractor might perform within the scope of its responsibilities to ensure the constant quality of the
concrete mix, including the procurement of the components, must be made available upon Enel's request.
The tests required in table 5-6, at the respective frequencies, shall be carried out for each type of concrete
to be utilised in building the works from among the concrete types listed in table 5-1 and, within the scope
of each class, for each homogeneous mixture. Concretes made from the same raw materials and mixed
with the same water/cement ratio and capable of guaranteeing the same characteristic strength are
considered homogeneous.
5.2.6.4. Control of compression strength in the course of the work
Unless otherwise required by Enel, the concrete specimens must be collected at the time of use.
The concretes cube strength shall be checked through "acceptance tests" that shall be performed for each
structure or part of a structure, on all the mixtures utilised.
The samples must be collected in such a way that the important properties and the composition of the
concrete between the moment of sampling and that of pouring cannot change significantly.
In accordance with the standard UNI EN 12390-1 and 2, at least two pairs of test pieces shall be made with
the concrete mixture utilising cube-shaped forms.
The Works Manager or a technician entrusted by him shall identify each test cube with indelible writing on
plastic bands set into the fresh samples surface and non-removable. The samples shall be left in the
forms, protected with a polyethylene sheet, and placed in enclosed spaces at a temperature between 15
and 20oC. After 16 hours, but no more than 3 days, they shall be transferred to the laboratory, removed
from the forms, and placed into a storage moist room at a temperature of 20 2 o C and at a relative
humidity 95%, or else in water at 20 2o C.
For reinforced concrete, the first pair shall be tested at day 7 and the second at day 28. Tests shall be
performed at days 3, 7, and 28 for prestressed reinforced concrete. The average value of the strengths of
each pair shall be designated sample strength.
The sample strength values at day 3 or at days 3 and 7 shall be measured at the Works Management
laboratory and shall be used to compare with the corresponding data obtained in the plants qualification
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phase, for temporary accounting while waiting for the day 28 data.
If the strengths obtained at days 3 or 7 are lower than the expected values, the Works Management,
while waiting for the official data, can, in its final determination, order the suspension of the pouring and
the company cannot claim any rights as a result of this.
The sample strengths at day 28 shall be determined by the official laboratory in accordance with UNI EN
12390-3 and 4, and shall be used to verify that the strength of the concrete used complies with the design
strength. The statistical method (type B) is used for the verification; the type A method is used only for
volumes of homogeneous mixture smaller than 1500 m3.
An acceptance test of type A refers to an amount of homogeneous mixture no greater than 300 m 3 and
consists of three samples, each performed on a maximum of 100 m 3 of poured concrete. At least one
sample is collected for each day of pouring. The results for each set of three samples must be:
Rm >_ Rck + 3.5
R1 >_ Rck - 3.5
where Rm is the average strength and R1 is the lowest strength for the three samples, while Rck is the
characteristic design strength. The obligation to sample daily can be waived for amounts of homogeneous
mixture lower than 100 m3.
The type B check, referred to a homogeneous mixture, shall be performed at a frequency no lower than
one check for each 1500 m3 of concrete. At least one sample shall be collected for each pouring and a total
of at least 15 samples shall be collected for the 1500 m3.
The following inequalities must be verified:
R1 >_ Rck - 3.5
Rm >_ Rck + 1.48 s
where s is the standard deviation.
Nothing shall be due to the company if the strength Rck is higher than that indicated in the design
documents.
The coefficient of variation v shall not exceed 15%; if the above limit is exceeded, the pre-qualification
and qualification tests must be repeated.
With regard to the compression strength tests, in order to guarantee the univocal correspondence between
the works and/or or parts thereof and the respective control samples, the Contractor shall:
- submit to Enel at least three days in advance, the weekly schedule of pouring and of the related control
sampling, drawn in accordance with the attached model;
WEEKLY SCHEDULE CASTING AND POURING CONTROL Sheet n
SITE RELEVANT TO STANDARD CONCRETE MIX CONTRACTOR
...............................
FROM ................. TILL
CONCRETE MIX CUBIC METERS SAMPL ES
DAT E IT EM ITEM DESCRIPTION TYPE N. CONCRETE NOTES
HOMOGENEUS PO URED CODE
also submit, within three days, the weekly summary of the castings done and of the respective
samplings carried out, drawn in accordance with the attached model;
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both documents shall be complemented by drawings and/or sketches, also axonometric or

perspective if necessary, capable of clearly correlating the individual tests to the parts of the works to
which they refer;
- sent to Enel each month:
- the results of the acceptance tests of the various pouring lots;
- copies of the official certificates of the tests related to said acceptance tests.
5.2.6.5. Non compliance of the compression strength
It there are non compliances in the values of the compression strength tests, the following procedure
shall be performed on the structures on which the non complying concrete was used.
The in situ strength of the concrete shall be measured by core-sampling in accordance with UNI EN
12504, on core samples of 10 cm diameter or more (at least three times the aggregate's maximum
diameter); a set of at least six core samples shall be collected for each 100 m 3 of non-complying concrete
and the samples shall be preserved in a dry interior space (not in water) until they are tested.
The height of the samples shall equal the diameter (with a tolerance of 2 mm); the samples containing
reinforcing bars, fractured, or containing evident defects shall be discarded. The samples shall be
dressed by grinding; filling with chalk is not allowed. The planarity and parallelism of the faces, in
accordance with the abovementioned UNI EN standard, shall be verified with instruments of suitable
sensitivity. The strength value shall be increased by 5% in case of horizontal core sampling.
The average strength value measured on each 100 m 3 of non-complying concrete shall be increased
by 15% to compensate for the disturbance induced by coring.
If the average value of a set of in situ strength measurements is no lower than 85% of Rck, the concrete
is deemed to be directly acceptable.
If said value is lower than 85% of Rck, the designer shall check the safety of the structure on the basis
of the in situ strength.
If said check is satisfactory, the concrete can be accepted and no additional action is required. The
Works manager can adopt further measures following an evaluation of the effect of the reduced strength
on durability, on the basis of the requirements of UNI 11104.
If the structural verifications are not satisfactory, the Contractor shall be obliged to demolish and rebuild
the works, bearing the entire cost, or to adopt the measures proposed by the Works Management that shall
have to be approved by the designer before becoming effective.
5.3. TRANSPORTATION, POURING, AND CURING OF THE CONCRETE IN COLD CLIMATE The
following points present the requirements regarding the production, transportation, pouring, and
protection of the concrete, taking into account the sites specific conditions.
The conventional definition of cold climate given by ACI is: a period during which, for over three
consecutive days, the daily average air temperature is lower than 5 oC and no higher than 10oC for more
than 12 hours per day. It can be said that the sites climate can be cold year-round, with the possibility of
normal climate during the February-April period.
It must therefore be ensured constantly that:
- the fresh concrete is protected against the risk of freezing;
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- the structures are protected to prevent fast drying, which would hinder the hydration of the cement at the
surface of the structures;
- the protection and insulation are maintained ensuring the strength development until the strength level
required to remove the supports and forms, 3.5 (5) N/mm 2, is reached;
- abrupt temperature variations are avoided.
5.3.1. Concrete mixing plant
In addition to what was specified above with regard to the mixing plants (see point 5.2.2), the Contractor
shall take the precautions and equipment specifically needed to produce concrete in a cold climate.
Specifically, before the production of the concrete mixture is started, the equipment needed to ensure the
compliance with the limit temperature levels during production must be present at the worksite (Table 5-1 -
Specifications and tests for cement - Sheet 1 of 1):
- heating system for the mixing water (generally avoiding temperatures in excess of 80C and adding the
cement to the mixture only after blending the water and aggregate);
- heating system for the aggregates, for example through steam circulation pipes or direct steam injection,
to be utilised if heating the water is not sufficient to free them from ice and frozen clumps;
- a system to protect the heated aggregates to limit their excessive cooling could be required;
- a heating system by steam injection into the concrete mixture in the mixer is allowed; the Contractor shall
demonstrate that a system to control and verify the water dosage at the end of mixing is put into place.
5.3.1.1. Mixing temperature

The concretes temperature during and at the end of mixing, in the case of short duration transport, shall
comply with the limits indicated in Table 5-0 at lines 2 and 3.
Table 5-0 - Concrete temperature at the concrete mixing plant and during pouring
Air temperature Minimum dimension of the cross-section, mm
- 300 300-900 900-1800 > 1800 (piles

(slabs) (walls) and plinths)
Minimum allowed concretetemperaturecuring after pouring,until the end of
underprotection, C
1 From 5 to 18 C 13 10 7 5
Minimum temperature of the concrete required at the mixing plant, for

a duration of transport < 0.5 hours.
2 > -1 16 13 10 7
3 From 18 to 1 C 18 16 13 10
Maximum allowed surface temperature drop during the first 24 hours
after the end of the protection.
4 - 28 22 17 11
In order to obtain the required pouring temperature, the water and aggregate might require heating
(see 5.3.1)
The following equation shall be used to calculate the concrete's temperature from the known
temperatures of the components:
where
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5.3.2. System for the transportation of the cement mixture to the works
The system shall be adequate to guarantee the specified characteristics of the concrete mixture
until unloading at the site. The requirements concerning the temperature of the concrete in the form
at the moment of unloading, contained in Table 5-1, line 1 shall be complied with.
The concrete mixture shall be transported from the concreting plant to that of use, utilising vehicles and
equipment suitable to avoid the segregation of the various components of the mixture, the deterioration of
the mixture, and its cooling.
5.3.2.1. Efficiency of the cement mixers
The concrete truck mixer shall keep the drum in constant motion from the moment of loading until the
end of unloading; they shall be inspected periodically (each 4,000 m 3 or at least once per month) to verify
the decrease in efficiency due either to accumulation of hardened concrete or binder or to the wear of the
blades.
To this end, a homogeneity test shall be performed monthly; it shall be done on two samples: the first
after having unloaded 20% of the concrete, the second after 80%.
The test shall compare the difference in workability, coarse aggregate content, water content, and
water/cement ratio in the two samples. The difference must not exceed 10% for all values being compared.
5.3.2.2. Precautions to be adopted for transport in cold weather
The minimum temperature of the fresh concrete after pouring shall not be lower than that indicated for
the various conditions at line 1 of the Table 5-1.
The temperature at the concrete mixing station shall therefore be such that it compensates for the cooling.
The foreseeable hourly cooling during transport in a concrete truck mixer is estimated by the equation:
T 0 .25(Tr Ta )
Where Tr is the requested temperature (line 1 in the table) and Ta is the air temperature.
If the concrete mixture arrives at the site at a temperature 4 or more below the required temperature,
the concrete shall not be utilised.
In any case, the concrete must be poured as soon as possible after mixing (or after arriving to the
worksite) in order to minimise the cooling and loss of workability; the concrete mixture shall be unloaded as
near as possible to the place of casting.
5.3.3. Pouring
5.3.3.1. General considerations
The Contractor shall submit the pouring procedure to Enels approval adequately in advance of the start of
pouring; this shall show in particular:
- the pouring methods;
- the planned quantity of concrete to be poured, in m 3;
- the plan for the utilization of the personnel and equipment involved (cement mixing lorries, pumps,
vibrators, etc.);
- the thicknesses and dimensions of the castings;
- the covering times;
- the possible interruptions;
- the curing of the castings with emphasis on the insulation methods and on the minimum times planned
for the removal of the forms.
5.3.3.2. Preparing the Pouring
Before pouring the concrete the foundations should be clear of water. Therefore, wherever is necessary,
the Contractor should install pumps and piping or carry out drainages and other facilities.
At the moment of pouring the concrete, the foundation surfaces should be moist.
Rocky surfaces, corresponding to the final line of the structures foundations, should be carefully washed
and cleaned using compressed water and air.. Every loose rock piece should be removed by hand or by
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rods, and they should be hauled to discharge.
Cracks that cannot be washed and the cavities inaccessible by hoses should be excavated and washed by
hand, leaving them thoroughly clean.
The foundation surfaces in common material should be perfectly leveled, compacted by manual and/or
mechanical means until a firm and homogenous support surface is achieved.
Areas containing clay, silt, and loose materials should be cleaned by taking away such substances until firm
ground is reached.
Before starting the pouring operations, the Contractor shall ensure that the bases and forms are carefully
prepared and that the reinforcements and inserts are carefully set up, so that the castings will be perfectly
regular and in compliance with the design.
Moreover, all materials and devices ensuring that the required concrete temperatures are obtained and
maintained must be at the worksite before pouring begins.
The Contractor shall ask Enel to check the formwork, the reinforcements, and the inserts; it shall also ask
for authorisation to carry out the casting. The lack of said advance authorisation can be sufficient reason
not to accept the castings.
The concrete shall not be poured when it snows or rains.
It is necessary to adopt suitable precautions guaranteeing the perfect execution of the structures because,
for all castings and during all seasons, as stated above, it is possible that the temperature falls below 0C.
Besides complying with the requirements of this specification, the Contractor shall constantly take into
account the recommendation ACI 306-88, Cold Weather Concreting.
5.3.3.3. Pouring of the concrete

Precautions must be taken to avoid that the concrete mixture freezes when coming into contact with the
surfaces of the formwork, with the concrete already cast, and with the reinforcing bars. For this reason, the
temperature of all surfaces with which the fresh concrete comes into contact must not fall below 2C. The
temperature of the rebar must not be lower than -10oC.
If large metal inserts are present, the designer and the Works Manager must take adequate precautions to
avoid freezing of the concrete.
The concretes consistency when the concrete truck mixer enters the worksite must fall within the limits of
the class planned. Adding water at the site is not allowed. A consistency lower than the limit can be
adjusted by adding a plasticizing admixture if tests to establish the appropriate amounts have been carried
out in advance. If the consistency exceeds the class limit by over 1 cm, the concrete must be discarded
and disposed of at a specifically designated site.
The free fall height shall not exceed 1 metre and, in any case, all measure adequate to prevent the
segregation of the concrete must be adopted; any deviation from the above must be authorised by Enel.
If reinforcements, inserts, or measuring devices are present, the concrete must be poured in horizontal
layers between 0.60 and 1 metre thick; the layers thickness must in any case be such as to avoid that a
single rebar "packet" is included in two superimposed concrete layers.
The concrete shall be compacted with mechanical immersion vibrators of the type authorised by Enel, so
as to obtain the complete filling of all cavities and the elimination of possible air pockets.
Special attention shall be paid, while pouring and compacting, to avoid moving or damaging the
reinforcements, inserts, cables, sheaths, tie rods, and formwork.
Vibration shall continue through the entire pouring phase of each concrete load until no bubbles are seen
coming out of the concrete, but, at the same time, without causing segregation.
The vibration of each individual layer shall affect the layer that might be under it to such a depth that a
complete bond between the two layers is ensured.
The following is forbidden:
- vibrating the formwork, reinforcements and underlying or adjacent layers, if already consolidated;
- utilising the vibrator to move the concrete;
- vibrating at a distance from the pouring front that causes the concrete to slide.
5.3.3.4. Restart of casting
For monolithic castings
If the casting must have the characteristics of a single casting, the pouring can be restarted in accordance
with the following procedures:
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- scarification of the fresh castings surface to be done by pressurised water and air jet within a time interval
between the start of setting of the concrete (determined through the ASTM test C 403) and 1.5 said
time, as long as no impression is left on a touch test;
if the above cannot be done within the abovementioned time interval, retarding admixtures can be used by
applying them to the castings surface, without prejudice to the method of verification of the time of
intervention through the touch test;
if the time gap for restarting the pouring is longer, in any case less than 72 hours, it is necessary to
interpose a layer of cement mortar (dosed at 350 kg/m 3 of cement) as a connecting element between the
old and new pouring surfaces.
If the pouring cannot be done within the abovementioned time intervals, the Contractor shall submit to
Enels approval, in the context of the abovementioned pouring procedure, the adoption of specific
measures, such as, for example, the use of resins (epoxy-polyamide or water-compatible epoxy resins) as
a connecting layer between the old and new concrete and/or the use of connection rebar.
For cold joints
If the Contractor requests it, Enel can authorise restarting the pouring at positions not envisaged by the
design. To this end, the Contractor shall submit to Enels approval, with adequate advance relative to the
start of the pouring, a study showing the position of the proposed joints, the pouring sequence, and the
precautions that it intends to adopt to guarantee the continuity of the castings, also by inserting connection
reinforcements.
In any case, it will be necessary to clean the surface by scarification with pressurised water and air before
pouring.
It must be verified, in this case too, that the temperature of the already hardened concrete is at least 2C.
5.3.4. Finish of the casting's free surface

Enel can request some finish work by float on the castings free surface. Enel can also request that an anti-
wear finish be applied to the castings free surface, while the concrete is still fresh; this shall consist of
spreading a mixture of granular quartz and cement at a rate of 5 kg/m 2, followed by mechanical floating
with a multi-blade float. The anti-skid ramps are finished with a herringbone pattern so as to form grooves
perpendicular or slanted relative to the line of maximum slope suitable to the ramps utilisation. The ramps
free surface shall be finished with a float.
5.3.5. Protection and curing

As soon as possible after completing the castings and the surface finish, precautions shall be put into place
as required to protect the structures from the effects of:
- freezing of the fresh concrete;
- fast loss of water from the concretes surface;
- fast cooling after pouring;
- exposure to rain;
- vibrations and impacts that could damage the concrete and interfere with the adhesion of the
reinforcement.
Said precautions also have the purpose of correctly starting the process of curing the concrete in the
castings, which allows its maturation.
The curing must ensure, for the time required, the conditions for the progressive maturation of the concrete
and, therefore, the attainment of the strength required for the removal of the formwork and supports.
5.3.5.1. Protection
The protection methods must be agreed upon in advance with Enel before the start of the work at the site.
At the moment of pouring, the concrete shall have and maintain the temperatures indicated at lines 2 and 3
of Table 5-1 and must not exceed them by over 5C.
If the temperature at the moment of pouring exceeds the required temperature by 2 or more degrees, all
the concrete in the mixer shall be discarded.
In cold climates, as soon as the concrete has been poured, precautions shall be taken to prevent the
freezing and surface drying of the fresh concrete.
To this end, immediately after the castings surfaces have been finished, a protection shall be built, which
must later ensure also the protected curing and maturation of the concrete.
The type of protection depends on the weather conditions:
- during the milder season (February April) it will be sufficient to protect against drying of the concrete and
possibly against a few hours at temperatures near or below zero; the protection shall consist of utilising
curing and anti-evaporating agents and of light insulating blankets (over 1 cm thick);
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- during the colder months, precautions shall be employed aimed at preventing the freezing of the
concrete even if the pouring or night temperature reaches very low values (see 5.3.5.2, 5.3.5.3, 5.3.5.5).
These precautions must later ensure the curing and maturation.
The time of protection against freezing can be calculated on the basis of the concretes curing degree.
The concrete can withstand a freeze-thaw cycle when its compression strength has reached 5 N/mm 2 (ACI
3.5, v.5.1)
The protection is necessary also at the end of the curing, after the forms have been removed, to stop the
premature drying of the concrete surface, which is facilitated by the wind and dry climate. Drying decreases
the durability and strength characteristics and can induce cracks from plastic shrinkage. For this purpose,
the following shall be used:
- anti-evaporating agents to be applied to the fresh concretes surface as soon as it has been finished, see
5.2.4.4 insulating films.
Using water is neither allowed nor possible. Keeping the formwork up protects the surfaces in contact
with it.
5.3.5.2. Curing
The concrete must be carefully protected and cured, especially in the outer areas, in order to achieve its
expected potential performance. Curing of the concrete must start as soon as possible after its compaction
and finishing, together with the protection.
The concretes curing process shall ensure that the temperature in the structure stays constantly above
the limits of line 1 of Table 5-1, for the time needed for the required maturation and to reach the minimum
resistance of 5 MPa. Under some conditions, a suitable insulation can be sufficient to achieve this
objective, because the hydration of the cement generates heat.
The strength of structural elements having strength requirements at the time of removal of the forms
and supports shall be specified by the designer.
5.3.5.3. Curing methods
The curing methods, which must suit the various climatic conditions, shall be agreed upon in advance
with Enel before work starts at the site.
Correct curing can be obtained by insulating or heating the structures:
- by utilising insulating forms;
- by leaving the forms in place;
- by covering with insulating blankets the surfaces exposed to the atmosphere after the forms are
removed, see 5.3.5.5;
- by building enclosed shelters around the structures to be protected
- by utilising heating methods through steam circulation within said shelters;
- utilising electrically heated blankets;
- by heating the concrete after pouring through the Joule effect, with pre-inserted insulated electrical
conductors.
These methods can be utilised individually or in combination with each other, taking into account
the specific climatic conditions.
5.3.5.4. Duration of curing

The duration of curing depends on the rate at which the concrete reaches the strength required to
withstand the possible freezing and the concretes surface area (bar cover) reaches a certain degree of
impermeability (resistance to penetration of gases or liquids.)
The duration of the curing shall be determined by one of the following methods:
- depending on the degree of maturation of the concrete;
- with reference to the degree of hydration of the concrete and to the ambient conditions;
- depending on local requirements;
and, in any case, always observing the minimum valued listed in Tabella 5-2
Table 5-3 - Minimum duration of curing time in days for exposure classes
XC1, XC2, XF1, XA1, XC3 and XD1 (2 and 5a)
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Concretes temperature ~
Ambient
during aging y 5 10 15
In the shade, humidity >_ 80% 3 3 2

Medium solar radiation or wind, humidity >_ 50% 8 5 4
Strong solar radiation or wind, humidity < 50% 10 8 5
In the cases where the concrete is exposed to severe abrasion or exposure conditions, that is in
the exposure classes XF2, XD2, XF3, XA2, XC4, XA3, and XD3, the curing time must be extended.
5.3.5.5. Insulation
The insulation type shall be chosen depending on its thermal resistance, in accordance with the
indications of the tables in Appendix A. These tables allow obtaining the needed insulation R value for
walls and aboveground slabs, or for thin elements lying on the ground, as a function of the structures
thickness, minimum air temperature, and cement dosage.
If the forms are made of wood, their thermal resistance is added to that of the insulation.
It is possible to use folding insulating blankets of the type:
http://www.pregis.com/LinkClick.aspx?link=brochures%2FPregis Concrete Curing Brochure 10-
07.pdf&tabid=519&mid=688
The forms must prevent the loss of heat from the pouring, in order to ensure a regular development of
the strength. To this end, it is necessary to use insulated forms of the type:
http://www.maxkatzbag.com/mkb/blankets.html
or else electrically heated blankets of the type http://www.groundthaw.com/node/47 .
5.3.5.6. Protection from thermally induced cracks

The hardening concrete shall be protected from the damages that could be induced by the internal
and external stresses caused by the heat generated by the hydration of the cement.
Adequate precautionary measures shall therefore be put into place to ensure that the tensile stress
caused by the temperature difference remains below the instantaneous tensile strength. In this regard,
reference shall be made to Figure 1.
Figure 1 Guide for the maximum value of T between the surface and centre of the casting
5.3.5.7. Removal of the forms

The forms can be removed when, in Enels opinion and in accordance with these specifications, the
concretes strength reaches a value adequate to withstand the stresses acting upon it and the deformations
of the structure and when the forms are no longer necessary to cure of the concrete.
The temperature must decrease gradually after the forms are removed. The maximum allowed decrease
is that deducible from line 4 of Table 5-1.
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5.3.6. Tolerances
The following tolerances are allowed for the castings:
Verticality
- surfaces and edges of pillars, columns, and walls: 6 mm for each 3 m, with a maximum of 25 mm for the
entire height;
- architectural corner pillars, grooves of the vertical joints and other architectural vertical characteristics: 6
mm for each 6 m, with a maximum of 12 mm for the entire height;
Planarity
- slabs: 6 mm each 3 m, 9 mm each 6 m, with a maximum of 18 mm for the entire length;
- beams, sills, parapets, horizontal grooves and other architectural horizontal lines: 6 mm each 6 m, with a
maximum of 25 mm for the entire length;
Planar measurements
- variation of the buildings lines from each required position and of the positions relative to pillars and
walls: 6 mm each 6 m, with a maximum of 12 mm for the entire length;
Dimensions
- cross-sections of pillars and beams, thickness of slabs and walls: -6 +12 mm;
- foundation structures: -6 +50 mm;
- dimensions and positions of holes and openings on slabs and walls: -6 +6 mm.
5.3.7. Casting of special structures
Special structures are those which, because of their special characteristics, such as their large size and/or
their large thickness and/or the presence of a high proportion of metal reinforcement and because of the
special requirements that they must meet, require a detailed advance study of the composition of the
concrete mixture and of the pouring operations, which the Contractor must submit to Enels approval in a
timely fashion.
5.3.8. Heat generation

One of the problems related to casting massive structures is the generation of heat due to the cements
hydration; this can lead to cracks by inducing temperature differences in the castings.
5.3.8.1. Considerations applicable to the warmer season (February April)
For this reason, in view of the many factors influencing the effect of cement hydration (e.g. the
environmental conditions, the structures size, the curing conditions, the type of formwork, the type, class,
and dosage of the cement, etc.), the Contractor must forecast the temperature trend inside the massive
castings and adopt all possible precautions when the value of T between the concretes maximum
temperature in any cross-section perpendicular to the surface and the minimum temperature measured in
the concrete at 1 cm from the surface in the same cross-section might be greater than 20C. The
Contractor shall use the types of forms, the times of forms removal and the procedures to protect the
casting that allow observing said limit of 20C (see graph), taking into account the fact that, if the forms
are removed 24-72 hours after pouring, the conditions exist to have the maximum T and therefore the
maximum risk of cracking. Enel can request that adiabatic tests be carried out for particular structures.
5.3.8.2. Considerations for the cold season
The likelihood of these events decreases during the cold season because the starting temperature, the
hydration rate, and the maximum temperatures achieved are all lower. However, the T can be high
because of the low external temperature. The Contractor must carry out the assessments described at the
preceding point for structures over 1 m thick.
5.3.8.3. Determination of adiabatic T
The adiabatic T and the trend of heat generation from the hydration of the cement shall be determined in
a cubic concrete casting 1.5 m on the side poured into a wood form and suitably insulated and
instrumented.
Each surface of the form shall be protected by at least 30 cm of expanded polyurethane and the whole
assembly must be placed inside a wooden container.
The temperature shall be measured with five thermocouples, placed in a way that yields their distribution
form the centre to a lateral surface.
For example, five thermocouples shall be arranged along a line going from the centre of the cube,
point C, to the centre of a face, point F; the positions, for a cube of 1 m side, should be the following:
at the centre;
at 12 cm from the centre;
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at 48 cm from the centre, that is, at 2 cm from the surface and from point F.
alignment of termocouples
C F
The thermocouples shall be connected to a Data Logger. Suitable types are:

http://www.grant-italia.com/registratore-di-temperatura/dataloggers-per-cemento.html (Data
Logger) http://www.tcdirect.it/deptprod.asp?deptid=180/21 (Thermocouples)
http://www.tcdirect.it/deptprod.asp?deptid=280 (Connectors)
The Contractor shall submit to Enel in advance the design of the insulated and instrumented cube and
the results of the temperature measurements in a table format and as a graph in a spreadsheet.
5.4. FORMS
5.4.1. Forms for outdoor works

All forms (which can be straight, curved, or bent) and especially the wooded forms, shall be built to be
waterproof and shall be designed sufficiently stiff to withstand, without appreciable deformations, the
stresses to which they are submitted (weight and thrust of the fresh concrete, weight of the service
scaffolds, vibrations due to the machinery used for pouring and compacting, and to other causes.)
Moreover, the forms shall be built in such a way that, when they start being struck, while keeping the
necessary supports in place, it is possible to remove the parts not essential to the stability of the
concrete works without a danger of damaging it. Suitable wedges or devices for striking the forms shall
also be provided under the forms and the related supports.
The forms for very high and moderately thick castings shall be built so that a wall is installed gradually
as the pouring advances.
Suitable splines shall be placed at the edges in order to obtain the concrete works with smoothed edges.
The stiffening elements of the forms that might be on the inside shall be withdrawn during pouring; the non-
removable elements shall be made of metal. Steel bindings spanning the casting shall not be allowed in the
case of works intended to stay in contact with water. In the case of waterproofed walls, the non-removable
elements shall have parts capable of preventing water infiltrations.
The forms interior surface shall be suitably treated or wetted in order so as to avoid water absorption;
moreover, whether it is made of metal or wood, it shall be smooth, clean, and treated in a way that it does
not cause the detachment of the concrete at the structures surface while the forms are removed and that it
does not harm the aesthetic of said structures. The product Rheofinish from BASF shall be employed.
http://www.basf-
cc.com.ar/es/productos/ProductosAuxiliaresparaHormigon/Desmoldantes/Rheofinish255/Documents/Arg
Rheofinish255.pdf
Enel can request the use of disposable metal forms for some re-starts of castings (massive foundation
castings, etc.) These forms, made of ribbed metal lattice, shall be made of galvanised cold-rolled steel
ribbon, no less than 0.5 mm thick having a load to rupture over 380 N/mm 2 and major yield strength of 300
N/mm2, of the type:
http://www.ferracciaio.it/pernervometal.calcestruzzi.html
The installation procedures, including the equipment necessary for support and anchoring, shall
comply with the requirements of the forms manufacturing firm and shall be approved by Enel.
The possible tie-rods and/or parts thereof (not-removable) shall be made of metal.
After the forms are struck, the metal bindings and non-removable tie-rods shall be cut to a depth of at least
40 mm under the finished surface and the hole shall be adequately sealed with a suitable mortar of a type
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approved by Enel.
A similar seal shall be made for the holes of the removed bindings and/or tie-rods.
In the case of waterproof walls, the non-removable tie-rods, which must be of a type approved by Enel,
shall have elements capable of preventing water infiltration.
The forms supports shall be made in such a way that, when the forms are struck, the load on the
structures is applies with appropriate gradualism.
For some specific forms, the Contractor shall deliver the design of the forms to Enel, before the
corresponding work is started. The Contractor shall design and install the forms (including the associated
support structures) so that the values of the required tolerances are not exceeded in the castings.
Enel can request that some concrete surfaces have the required degree of finish (F1 or F2.) The surface
with the F1 degree of finish (surfaces of exposed structural concrete) shall be such that, relatively to a 1.5
m straight edge, they show continuous departures no greater than 10 mm and abrupt departures no greater
than 2 mm.
The surface with the F2 degree of finish (surfaces of concrete to be painted) shall be such that, relatively to
a 1.5 m straight edge, they show continuous and abrupt departures no greater than 2 mm.
The finish of the surface impression of the supports, compared in accordance with the standard CIB Report
No 24 (attach figures), shall be at least:
grade 2: for surfaces to be treated with a transparent water repellent protection;
grade 3: for surfaces to be over-painted with pigmented film-forming protections.
In any case, the requested degrees of finish shall be obtained not by adding material to the thickness, but
with suitable internal surfaces of the forms (planed wood, plywood lining, etc.)
The surface cohesion of the surface to be painted with thickness coatings will be over 1.5 M Pa tensile
strength of the type:
http://www.defelsko.com/applications/adhesion strength/adhesion-testing.htm ?)
Enel can request that some concrete surfaces (side surfaces of water conduits and other channelling
works) have a roughness no greater than the CPS 4 grade measured in accordance with the ICRI
(International Concrete Repair Institute) standard.
http://www.jdtechnical.com/Surface Prep-JD.htm
The Contractor shall insert suitable splines in the forms of aboveground concrete castings in order to obtain
smoothed edges.
Fretted sheet steel can be used as disposable formwork when pouring slabs for metal structure buildings.
5.4.2. Forms for below ground works

In addition to the requirements of section 5.4.1, metal forms must be used for below ground works, except
for the short connecting stretches, for which Enel can authorise the use of smooth and grooved wood. The
forms for the tunnels linings can be of the telescopic type. In the case of the tunnels linings, the forms
shall be struck no earlier than 30 hours after the pouring, unless Enel authorises a shorter time.
5.4.3. Special forms

Self-lifting forms must be used for some concrete castings (outer chimneys, raising of cooling towers, and
similar castings made with climbing formworks) in order to obtain a continuous casting.
These forms shall make it possible to carry out concrete castings with successive pouring within 12/24
hours of the preceding one. Self supporting hydraulic equipment shall be used to lift the formworks.
The Contractor shall submit to Enel's approval the protection and curing plan that it intends to implement.
5.4.4. Formworks with prefabricated reinforced concrete sheets

In the case of specific structures, Enel can request the use of disposable formworks consisting of
prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, of a strength class no lower than C20/25 (20 N/mm 2 in cylindrical
strength and 25 N/mm 2 in cubic strength) stiffened with metal lattices.
They become integral part of the ensuing concrete casting, guaranteeing a degree of finish of type F2 at
the back.
The sheets metal reinforcement, including the stiffening lattices, shall be fixed by the Contractor depending
on the type of distribution of the temporary buttressing selected.
In case of utilisation of prefabricated slabs, the Contractor shall submit to Enel's approval, suitably in
advance of the start of the work related to the individual works, the documents concerning the construction
elements, including the possible tests on the materials and their origin, which become binding; Enel must
communicate its approval and/or possible reservations within thirty days.
5.4.5. Tolerances
The Contractor shall build the formworks in such a way that the tolerance values required at the preceding
section 5.3.6 are not exceeded.
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5.5. SPECIAL WORKS
5.5.1. Surface finishing

Enel can request that the free surface of the casting of the concrete works be finished by suitable surface
treatments.
These treatments consist of applying a dry shake of cement and/or metal or non metallic inorganic
aggregates, which must be integrated into the casting, and then smoothing the surface manually or
mechanically so as to obtain a degree of finish equal to that normally requested for the plaster.
The allowed tolerance is 5 mm relative to a 3 m straight edge placed in any direction.
In order to avoid cracks during curing the finished surface shall be protected by the methods provided at
5.3.5.1
5.5.2. Coating with wear-proof mortars

Concrete surfaces are treated with wear-proof coating in order to increase the mechanical resistance of the
surfaces towards loads, abrasions, and corrosive action by oils, greases, and alkaline substances, as well
as to make floors with anti-dust treatment. To this end, a premixed mortar of the Mastertop 300 type is
used; this mortar is made from a mixture of cement and high hardness aggregates applied with a trowel or
with suitable mechanical equipment so as to obtain a coating of the thickness required by Enel and, in any
case, no greater than 5 cm. http://www.basf-
cc.com.br/PT/produtos/pisos/MASTERTOP300/Documents/MASTERTOP%20300.pdf The aggregates of
the wear-proof mortars can be of metallic or inorganic non metallic type.
If the insertion of a metal mesh is required, this shall be installed well immersed in the mortar, in the centre
plane of the mortar layer. Spacers approved by Enel shall be used for this purpose.
5.5.3. Wear-proof coating of concrete surfaces

Concrete surfaces are treated with wear-proof coating in order to increase the mechanical resistance of the
surfaces towards loads, impacts, abrasions, and corrosive action by oils, greases, and alkaline substances,
as well as to increase the resistance to temperature. A concrete surface hardening agent of the type
Mastertop 200 is utilised for this purpose. http://www.basf-
cc.com.br/PT/produtos/pisos/MASTERTOP200/Pages/default.aspx
5.5.4. Reinforcement of concrete with synthetic fibres

The fibres are used to provide a secondary reinforcement in the casting (not, in any case, to replace the
steel reinforcement in reinforced structures); they are distributed randomly, but uniformly in the cement
matrix; their function is to prevent cracking due to plastic shrinkage and to improve the endurance to
abrasion, impacts, and stresses.
The synthetic fibres, normally virgin polypropylene, cut and fibrillated, not sized, treated and structured in
bundles, shall have characteristics no lower than the following;
- breaking load 0.77 kN/mm2
- elastic modulus 3.5 kN/mm 2
- length 19-51 mm
- specific weight about 9 N/dm 3
The fibres shall be highly resistant to acids and salts and shall have low thermal and electrical conductivity.
http://www.basf-
cc.cl/es/productos/CONTRACCIONSUBTERRANEA/MACROFIBRA/MASTERFIBER50PS/Pages/default.a
spx
The fibres shall be delivered to the worksite in sealed containers and added to the dry mixtures (both of
concrete and gunite) in the weights proportions indicated by the manufacturer or determined through tests
to be performed when the concrete is qualified. The system to introduce and mix the fibres must be
approved by Enel.
5.5.5. Reinforcement of concrete with metal fibres

The fibres are used to provide a secondary reinforcement in the casting (not, in any case, to replace the
steel reinforcement in reinforced structures); they are distributed randomly, but uniformly in the cement
matrix; their function is to increase the tensile strength, minimise or prevent cracking due to shrinkage, and
to improve the endurance and the resistance to abrasion, impacts, and stresses.
The fibres, of the Dramix type:
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http://www.bekaert.com/es-MX/Functional/Search/Contact%20Search.aspx?countryID={9FDA7C95-9CE6-
493C-8885-ED633F0DB4CA}
shall consist of drawn steel treads having a minimum strength of 1,100 N/mm 2 and, depending on the type
and use of the concrete, they shall be 25-60 mm long and 0.5-1 mm in diameter.
The fibres can be supplied loose or combined in bundles of 25-30 treads bound together with glue that
disintegrates either normally or quickly and soluble in the mixing water; moreover, they shall be formed at
the ends in order to guarantee adhesion to the concrete mixture.
The weights to be used per cubic metre of concrete, which can vary depending on the type and use of the
concrete, shall be determined by Enel after the tests for the qualification of the concrete have been
performed.
The fibres shall be delivered to the worksite in sealed containers and added to the dry mixtures( both of
concrete and gunite) by introducing them directly into the concrete mixer; the fibres must be distributed into
the mass during mixing, by homogeneous dispersion into the quantity of concrete prepared. The system to
introduce and mix the fibres must be approved by Enel.
5.6. MORTARS
5.6.1. Anti-abrasive mortar

In order to increase the mechanical resistance of surfaces made of concrete, to make them particularly
resistant to loads, abrasions and corrosion of oils, fats and alkaline substances, a type of mortar (see.
5.5.2) can be applied with trowel on the surfaces, acting like s a covering of some centimeters of thickness.
Such mortar is made with concrete and highly hard not-expansive aggregate.
Dosage and laying methods shall comply with the instructions provided by the aggregate manufacturer and
approved by Enel.
5.6.2. Mortars and concrete blocks for fillings and inserts

For fillings between metal plates and basements of concrete block, in case the entire volume of casting in
execution is lower or equal to 0.5m 3, and thickness is not greater than 50mm, premixed pourable
expansion and hygrometer concrete mortar of Flowcable type shall be used.
http://www.basf-
cc.com.ar/es/productos/Morterosderetraccion/AnclajeConstruccion/masterflow100/Pages/default.aspx
while for greater thicknesses, premixed self-compacting concrete grout, or self-compacting concrete with
hydraulic expansive binders shall be used.
All premixed products or concrete shall have the properties indicated by Table 5-8 and have to be
subjected to the tests indicated in the same table or certificated by the manufacturer. In any case, the
laying-down has to be performed by pouring under batten of at least 0.5m. For the above mentioned
premixed concrete, laying down shall be performed by low pressure pumping, and filling works have to be
carried out up to complete expulsion of the air from the outlet pipes, adequately arranged. After mixing and
during the laying, both mortar and premixed grouts have to be kept in motion in order to avoid the lumps.
For premixed mortars and grouts, water dosage for the mixture and laying methods shall comply with the
provisions established by the manufacturer.
During the application of the product, what has been said above shall be taken into consideration (see
5.3.3.3), regarding the need to maintain the temperature of metal parts coming in touch with mortar over
2C in order to avoid that the mortar freezes.
5.6.3. Mortars for anchoring inserts turboalternator

Besides what has been said in the previous article 5.6.2, to grout the turbogenerator inserts, premixed anti-
shrink mortars with good fluidity shall be used, with a compression resistance of 7 days ( 42 N/mm2 and of
28 days ( 58 N/mm2. Mortars, mixed with non-metallic aggregates, shall be resistant to oils and suitable to
a continuous exposure to a temperature of 205C, for the grouting of all other inserts positioned under the
gas turbine and its discharge system, and a temperature of 95C for the other inserts. If not specified,
mortars shall comply with prescriptions of ASTM C1107 (Grade A grout).
To use the product, take into account what has been said before (see 5.3.3.3), regarding the need to keep
the temperature of the metallic parts that will come into touch with the mortar, over 2C in order to avoid
that mortar freezes.
5.7. JOINTS
Joints are intended as discontinuities of concrete structural elements due to execution reasons (seams of
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pouring), structural causes (need to free displacements) and in those works made to restore the structural
continuity and/or guarantee the hydraulic tightness of the works.
Compliance of the materials to the prescriptions and intended uses of joints shall be certified by the
Manufacturer's data sheets.
In particular, the ability of the joint material to bear temperature cycles and the minimum temperature in the
intended use conditions is to be certified.
Enel reserves the right to check the compliance of supplied material with the above mentioned data sheets;
in this case, the Constructor shall arrange samplings, transport and performance of tests at the official
laboratory, at his own expenses.
The Contractor shall ensure that all materials chosen to make the joints are suitable to operate within the
foreseen temperature range and shall submit the corresponding documents and certificates to Enel's
approval.
5.7.1. Sealing joints and dilation joints

5.7.1.1. Sealing joints
At dilation joints, in case hydraulic sealing is requested, sealing joint with neoprene, rubber or PVC profiles
have to be made. They shall be highly resistant to the aggressive action of water, to aging and to
mechanical and thermal strains.
The profile shall be supplied on the building site in order to be inserted in the concrete block pouring,
therefore the various elements of the comprehensive joint (including special parts), are welded in the
factory and weldings have to be subjected to vulcanization. The number of profile joints shall be as little as
possible.
The profile is to be fixed so to prevent displacement or tears during laying of the concrete block. Laying of
profile and junctions shall be performed in absolute compliance with the manufacturer's prescriptions. The
properties of materials shall be certified by an official laboratory and be approved by Enel.
Materials shall comply with the following regulations:
for neoprene joints:
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineer Specification; CRD-C-513-74;
- Corps of Engineers Specifications for Rubber Waterstops;
for PVC joint:
- Corps of Engineers Specifications for Polyvinylchloride Waterstops.
5.7.1.2. Dilation joints
Dilation joints shall be performed with a neoprene plate, adequately molded and reinforced internally with a
steel plate of sufficient thickness, type Trasflex T160, T100 and T70 or similar.
This plate serves as stiffening for loads concentrated and passing on the joint. The plate of neoprene is to
be anchored to the structures borders with appropriate bolts.
Allowed ranges are the following:
T 70 35mm;
T 100 50mm;
T 160 80mm.
5.7.1.3. Dilation joints for road bridges
On roadways, dilation joints shall be made with rubber profiles with metal reinforcements completely
embedded.
Rubber shall be of abrasion-proof type, and shall be able to resist to heavy strains, in particular to keep its
functional properties also at low temperatures.
Fixing of the elements shall be arranged with galvanized hold-down bolts with chemical fixing.
Rubber profiles shall be limited, all along the bridge length, within two prefabricated elements fixed to the
framework with steel rods, anchored with reoplastic mortar.
On sidewalk and on the parapet edge beam , dilation joints shall be made by inserting rubber profiles
between the structures. Profiles shall be alveolar and of abrasion-proof type, resistant to heaviest strains,
including cycles.
5.7.1.4. Sealing of waterproof joints
Possible imperfections or scrapings of the joint walls shall be eliminated by leveling the walls with premixed
concrete mortar or modified concrete mortar with adhesive polymers.
A profile of non-flammable material, fire reaction class 0 or class 1, according to the Ministerial Decree DM
26.06.84, as support for the following sealant.
On smooth and perfectly dry surfaces of the joint a layer of "primer" is to be applied and then the cavity of
the joint is to be filled with the sealant.
The technical specifications of the sealant are:
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- elastic elongation: 400% at 20C;

- resistance to temperatures from -30 to +90C.
The properties of materials shall be certified by an official laboratory and be approved by Enel.
5.7.2. ]oints for pouring seams
5.7.2.1. Non-expansive joints
At the pouring seams, profiles of PVC or neoprene of the type without central bulb have to be used.
The profile shall be fixed in a way to avoid displacements or tears during the laying of the concrete block.
Each profile element laid down shall be of a length equal to the one of the concrete ashlar in which it is
inserted, without any continuity interruption.
Furthermore, its laying down shall be performed in absolute compliance with the manufacturer's
prescriptions.
The characteristics of materials shall be certified by an official laboratory and approved by Enel and comply
with the following regulations:
for neoprene joints:
- Corps of Engineers Specifications for Rubber Waterstops;
for PVC joint:
- Corps of Engineers Specifications for Polyvinylchloride Waterstops.
5.7.2.2. Hydroexpansive joints
Bentonite hydroexpansive joints

The hydroexpansive joint made of sodium bentonite and elastomeric binders shall be laid down ensuring
waterproofing of vertical and horizontal pouring seams of structures of reinforced concrete laid
underground and which do not come into touch with salt water. The joint shall have a section of 20x20mm
and an expansion not lower than 400%.
The fixing surface of the joint shall be previously cleaned in order to obtain a sound and compact concrete.
Fixing of the joint is to be made by using steel nails placed at a distance of 200-300mm. The joint-to-joint
connection shall be made by an overlapping of minimum 200mm.
Polymeric hydroexpansive joints

The hydroexpansive polymeric joint is to be laid down ensuring waterproofing of vertical and horizontal
pouring seams of structures of reinforced concrete, laid underground. The joint shall have a section of
20x20mm and an expansion not lower than 150%.
The fixing surface of the joint shall be previously cleaned in order to obtain a sound and compact concrete,
free of swellings and sharp edges and free of backwater. The joint is to be fixed with neoprene adhesive.
The joint-to-joint connection shall be made by an overlapping of minimum 200mm.
5.7.3. ]oints of expanded polystyrene

For non-hermetical joints, expanded polystyrene plates with the following characteristics have to be used:
density: 37 kg/m3;
compression resistance: 0.4N /mm2.
5.7.4. Seam joints with epoxy adhesive

Seam joints are joints of seam between fresh concrete and hardened concrete, made by using thixotropic
products based on epoxy resins with two components, that can be applied with a brush.
The use of the adhesive shall ensure a perfect structural continuity of the seams, improving the
waterproofing of the structure section.
Application surfaces shall be cleaned and free of inconsistent parts; the possible crust of concrete is to be
removed until the inert comes to surface. The application is to be made with a brush and a minimum use of
resin of 0.7 kg/mq.
The period of covering with fresh concrete, according to the environment temperature, shall comply with
the duration indicated in the tables supplied by the formwork of pouring before applying the product.
5.7.5. ]oints with waterstop of profiles made of PVC

Seam joints or dilation joints for which the hydraulic tightness is ensured by inserting stripes of profiles
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made of polyvinyl chloride, complying with the following prescriptions.

Profiles shall be made so to prevent any water escape, therefore they shall have wings equipped with
appropriate small feet to be inserted into the pouring.
Mixtures used for the extrusion shall have the following mechanical and physical properties:
- hardness Shore a +20 C >65
- tensile strength at +20 C >=10 N/mm2
- elongation at breaking >=275%
- temperature of use -30 to +60 C
The mixture shall have an high resistance to the aggressive action of acid-alkaline solutions, to aging and
mechanical strains.
Profiles to be dipped into the pouring shall have a minimum covering equal to half of the total width of the
profile. Profiles shall be fixed to reinforcements with appropriate clips so to prevent displacements and
tears during concrete pouring.
Each element of the profile shall be preferably as long as the concrete ashlar in which it has to be inserted,
without any interruption; if necessary, in the crossings, special joining parts, L-shaped or T-shaped, flat,
vertical or cross-shaped, have to be used. All junctions have to be made by welding, using appropriate
equipment as instructed by the manufacturer.
5.7.6. ]oints with waterstop in hydroexpansive edge beams

They are joints of concrete pouring seams in which hydraulic tightness is ensured by inserting edge beams,
hydro-expansive or hydro-swelling bands with rectangular, square or round section or on very irregular
supports, extrudable in cartridge. Such edge beams are made of caoutchouc or synthetic rubbers
(chloroprene, butylic, etc.) and hydrophilic elastomeric resins that, by absorbing contact water up to
saturation, swell increasing their volume. Such products shall always be limited by two surfaces.
In order to prevent deformation of just poured concrete (still plastic), edge beams shall be equipped with
retardant papers or similar to prevent a too rapid expansion.
Except otherwise provided by the project, before supplying the materials, the Contractor shall indicate to
Enel the trade product identified in order to obtain its approval, by supplying the corresponding data sheets
reporting minimum reference values of the following parameters: volumetric expansion, tensile strength,
expansion speed, elastic elongation and Shore hardness.
Before using the products, they have to be stored indoor, avoiding direct exposure to the sunlight and
contact with water. The application shall not be performed in case of rainy weather and in case of risk of
rain, they have to be protected with plastic sheets or otherwise up to the pouring. Laying down is to be
performed with steel nails (placed at a distance of 20-30cm) on even surfaces or, for uneven surfaces, by
applying on the laying surface a thin layer of mortar; in any case, the fixing has to ensure resistance to
pouring strains. In each point, the waterstop is to be placed at a distance of min. 7-8cm from the external
concrete edge. Junctions have to be performed by drawing the sides of the edges for at least 20-30cm
closer.
5.7.7. Partitioning joints on beds with elastic PVC lists

They are joints made on concrete paving beds with stiff lists of PVC or plastic fixed with nails to the
formworks during the pouring procedure.
5.7.8. Partitioning joints on beds with cutting and sealing

They are partitioning joints of concrete paving beds made by cutting with diamond saw and sealing with hot
oxidized bitumen or with mortars.
Except otherwise provided by the project, the cut is to be performed with a minimum width of 6 mm and a
depth of about 1/3 of the bed thickness. In case of double reinforcement, the upper one is to be cut if it falls
into the planned depth.
Both following sealing types are planned:
- with hot oxidized bitumen: in this case bitumen will fill entirely the joint space;
- with neutral silicon or polyurethane mortar: in this case, before sealing, a rod of expanded polyethylene
with closed cells is to be inserted into the joint space, positioned so to obtain a sealing section of equal
height and width.
In order to avoid dirtying on the surfaces, the edges of the joint have to be protected with shielding tapes.
5.7.9. ]oints with formation of space and sealing

They are surface joints at the pouring seams or dilation joints made by creating a space and by filling it with
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elastic or elastic-plastic sealants, as connection elements (fillers) of structural parts for which relevant
displacements are not foreseen, i.e. elastic products for dilation joints able to bear repeated cycles of
compression and traction.
Sealings have to be made following the general instructions and indications of the data sheet of the sealant
manufacturer.
The space to be filled is to be obtained by arranging wood splints or other material with the planned section
on the formworks, before pouring. A separator made of tape or expanded polyethylene rod with closed
cells is to be inserted at the bottom of the joint. In order to obtain an appropriate sealing section, in any
case of a width not lower than 1 cm and not higher than 5 cm, it should be positioned into the space at the
depth indicated by the Manufacturer (usually between 1/4 and 1/2 of the thickness to be sealed in case of
elastic sealants, higher in case of elastic-plastic or plastic ones). The sealant is to be laid down as a
"bridge" on the separator and is to be treated in order to obtain a concave upper surface, using appropriate
shielding tapes in order to avoid dirtying. If required by the specific sealant of support status, before the
sealant, a specific primer can be applied on the surfaces.
5.7.10. Materials for partitioning in dilation joints

They are intended as materials of slabs or sheets, such as expanded or extruded polystyrene, expanded
polyethylene etc., used to introduce, between dilation joints heads, a compressible separation layer, also
aimed at preventing penetration of foreign materials.
5.8. SCARIFICATION OF CONCRETE SURFACES
Scarification of simple or reinforced concrete surfaces is to be performed in an order and with the
necessary precautions (supports, sampling procedures) in order to prevent injuries to the workers and
damages to the infrastructures.
Scarifications have to be limited to the parts planned by the project and shall be performed with water jets
at high pressure (> 1500 bar) or with demolition hammers and manual tools until a sound and compact
structure is obtained.
The borders of the work have to be cut perpendicularly in order to obtain a clear and linear border of sound
and compact material. Restoration and reconstruction of works or parts of them, Scarified or damaged at a
greater extent, is to be arranged and paid by the Contractor. Scarification is to be continued until the sound
part of the original structures is reached, so that the possible indicative project data could be contested by
the Contractor to raise exceptions or request compensations that are not included in the payment of
contractual prices of performed work.
Debris is to be deposited in final settlement according to the provisions of Article "DUMPS"
Before demolition works, an accurate hydro-cleaning of the mentioned surfaces is to be performed, with
water jet at suitable pressure, in order to identify deteriorated or detaching concrete plates.
5.9. USE OF STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE
The use of structural adhesive is to be performed in order to obtain a perfect connection between the old
concrete and the restoration material, intended as such epoxy adhesive with two components, of the type
http://www.basf-
cc.com.br/PT/produtos/adesivos/CONCRESIVE 227 FLU%C3%8DDO/Documents/CONCRESIVE 227 F
LUIDO.pdf
The Contractor shall ensure that the chosen material is suitable to work in the planned temperature ranges
and shall submit to Enel the corresponding documents to be approved and possibly the corresponding
certifications.
In general, the two components, resin and hardener, are mixed before application on the support; the
mixture shall be perfectly homogeneous, of uniform color and shall harden without shrinking.
The structural adhesive is to be applied with a brush, spatula or airless system on a clean surface, free of
deposits and friable parts.
The Contractor shall correct, with the help of the supplier, the mixture composition in order to adapt it to the
conditions of wettability of the support.
The adhesive shall be a viscous liquid able to penetrate, also in terms of capillarity, into concrete pores and
to adhere permanently after hardening, in order to form a superficial layer sufficiently compact to receive
the next renewal pouring.
The same product is to be able to bind tightly, even if in different ways, to possible steel rods and other
metallic works.
In order to obtain the necessary layer, the Contractor shall pay particularly attention to the application of
the adhesive, considering that the support surface could present an alternation of more or less porous
areas and other very uneven ones where the use of the tool is even more difficult.
The laying down of the adhesive, in the quantities indicated in the project, shall be performed so to allow
the application of renewal mortars within the periods indicated in the data sheets.
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If adhesives are irritant, the Contractor shall require the staff to use protection equipment such as specific
gloves and glasses; if the work is carried out indoor, ensure adequate ventilation.
Table 5-1 - CH.24 - CONCRETE STRUCTURES - TABLE OF CONCRETE WITH GUARANTEED

PERFORMANCE
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MINIMUM CHARACTERISTIC
STRENGTH AT 28 DAYS EXPOSURE
[N/mm2] CLASSES
NOTES
CEMENT TYPE AGGRES- MINIMUM
TYPE GRADE USE
EN 197-1 SIVENESS CONSISTENCY
on cylindrical on cubic
EN 206-1
samples (fck) samples (Rck)
A C8/10 8 10 CEM IIV S2 3 Lean concrete
C12/15 12 15 Sub-bases and underground pipes

B CEM IIV S3 3
20 surround
C16/20 16
C20/25 20 25 - - 5
CEM IIV
C25/30 25 30 Normal XC1-XC2
Moderate XA1-XD1
Ordinary foundation structures, including
C S3/S4
1 retailing walls and floors
C30/37 30 37 XA2-XD2
CEM IIIV High
XF3 4
C35/45 35 45 Very hight XD3-XA3 1
C25/30 25 30 CEM IIV Normal XC1-XC2
Moderate XA1-XC3-XD1 Specials foundation structures (TG/ALT

D C30/37 30 37 S4 basement, - Boiler found., GVR,
CEM IIIV High XS1-XD2-XA2-XC4 Chimney and Turbogenerator MAT)
1
C35/45 35 45 Very high XA3-XD3-XS2-XS3
Moderate XA1-XC3-XD1
Ordinary elevation structures: beams,
E XF1 S4 pillars, suspended slabs, fire-barrier
C30/37 30 37 CEM IIIV walls (retailing walls excluded)
High XS1-XD2-XA2-XC4 1
XF3 4
C25/30 25 30 CEM IIV Normal XC2

Specials elevation structures
F C30/37 30 37 Moderate XA1-XC3-XD1 S4 (DECK); closed environment
CEM IIIV structures - frost absence
C35/45 35 45 Very high XA3-XD3-XS2-XS3 1
C30/37 30 37 Moderate XA1-XC3-XD1 S4 2 Chimney drains, elevation structure of

cooling towers and similar type castings
G CEM IIIV made with climbing formworks; tests
shall also be performed over 24 and 72
C35/45 35 45 Very high XA3-XD3-XS2-XS3 S3/S4 1 hours (10 samples)
C30/37 30 37 High XS1-XD2-XA2-XC4 Submarine structures or near to sea

water (water inlet chamber, water inlet
H CEM IIIV S3/S4 1
and outfall pipelines, diuser, dock
C35/45 35 45 Very high XA3-XD3-XS2-XS3 river, etc.)
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High XF1
C30/37 30 37
I CEM IIIV XS1-XD2-XA2-XC4 S4 (*) 1 Waterproofed basins and canals
High
XF3 4
C35/45 35 45 Very high XA3-XD3-XS2-XS3 1
L C30/37 30 37 S4/S5 Diaphragms and piles
CEM IIIV High XS1-XD2-XA2-XC4
1
C35/45 35 45 Very high XA3-XD3-XS2-XS3
LC 8/9 8 9
Concrete sub-bases of volume mass

R LC 12/13 12 13 CEM IIV S3 3
up to 2000kg/m3
LC 16/18 16 18
Notes:
1 use sulfate resistant cement in exposure class XA2 and
2 the characteristic strength before formworks removal shallXA3;
be adequate to formwork type used and advancing procedure;
3 mixtures not subject to qualification tests;
4 with 3% of air for exposure class XF3;
5 not important reinforced concrete structures (water drains covered, sub-bases floors) or provisional structures;
(*) maximum aggregate size <20mm.
MAXIMIUM WATER/CEMENT RATIO AND MINIMUM DOSAGE OF CEMENT SHALL COMPLY WITH EN 206-1
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Table 5-1 - Specifications and tests for cement - Sheet 1 of 1

IN DURING LAB.
LIMITS OF STANDA QUALIFI- WORKS FOR NOTES
ACCEPTABILITY RDS CATION QUALIF./
NCh 148.Of68 during
works
DESCRIPTION
Resistencia a Tabla 2 Yes Yes O/S 2
la Compresion NCh158
7 and 28 days Of68
Tiempo inicial y Tabla 2 Yes Yes O/S 2

final de fraguado NCh 151 y
152
Stability Par. 7.2.2 of EN 197-1 Yes Yes O 2
(expansion) standard EN 197-1
Expansion 7.1 Ch 148 NCh 157 yes Yes O
autoclave
Perdida con Tabla 1 Yes Yes O 2
calcinacion NCh148.
Residuo insoluble Tabla1 Yes Yes O 2

EN 197-1
Contenido de SO3) Tabla 1 Yes Yes O 2
EN 197-1
Chlorides Prospect 3 of par. 7.4 Yes Yes O 2
of EN 197-1 standard EN 197-1
Pozzolanicity Positive test result Yes Yes O 2
(only for cemento EN 197-1
puzolanico)
Notes:
1: Frequency during works per class of concreting plant: every 1000 m 3 or every month
S: test can be carried out at Site Laboratory or Supplier Laboratory;
O: Official Laboratory
In all cases that conform to standard regulation in force, Enel reserves the right to accept tests at
non-Official/Authorised Laboratories at its choice.
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Tabella 5-2 Specifications and tests for aggregates - Sheet 1 of 2
IN DURING CLASS OF LAB. LAB.

DESCRIPTION LIMITS OF STANDARDS QUALIFI- WORKS CONCRETING FOR DURING NOTES
ACCEPTABILITY CATION PLANT QUALIF. WORKS
Granulometric The design grading must Yes Yes A S 1
analysis not have a standard B O S 8
deviation greater than 4.5 C-D O O
with respect to the
reference curve. EN 933-1
Sievings 0.063 Natural sand < 3% Yes Yes A S 1
mm. Crushed sand < 10% EN 12620 B O S 8
Gravel < 1.5% C-D O O
Rubble < 4.0%
Organic Absent Yes Yes A S 1
impurities in the EN 1744-1 B O S 8
sand C-D O O
Petrographic Mica and micaceous Yes No A O 2
examination schist: B O O 8
< 5% in C.A. (coarse C-D O O
aggregate) EN 932-3
< 10% in F.A. (fine
aggregate) EN 12620
Absence of amorphous
and reactive silica, opal
and volcanic glass,
quartz showing undulose
extinction, and reactive
silicates
Level of humidity 0.6 (absolute value) No Yes A S 3
of sand with respect to the value EN1097-5 B S 8
found by the probes C-D S
Shape index Not greater than Sl 40 Yes Yes A S 4
EN 933-4 B O S 8
Flattening index Not greater than Fl 35 C-D O O
Loss of mass < than LA 30 Yes No A S 5
due to shock and EN 1097-2 B O S 8
rolling C-D O O
Content of clay Sand 2% Yes No A S 6
lumps and friable Gravel: absent EN 12620 B O S 8
parts C-D O O
Fineness The F.M. of the sand Yes Yes A S 1
modulus must fall between 2.5 and B O S 8
3.1 C-D O O
Light and In sand < 0.5% Yes No A S 6
vegetable In gravel < 0.1% EN 1744-1 B O S 8
particles C-D O O
Notes:
1: Frequency during works per class of concreting plant: A: every 10,000 m 3 or bimonthly;
B: every 5,000 m3 or bimonthly; C-D:
every 2500 m3 or fortnightly;
2: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: on request from Enel and, in any case,
every change of quarry;
weekly;
every six months;
annually;
6: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: on request by Enel;
7: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: indirect check of the specific weight of
the concrete when performing the
compression breaking tests on the cubes;
8: O: test to be carried out at Official/Authorised Laboratory; S: test can be carried out at Site
Laboratory or Supplier Laboratory; In all cases that conform to standard in force, Enel reserves the
right to accept tests at non-Official/Authorised Laboratories at its choice.
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Specifications and tests for aggregates 2

Sheet 2 of 2
LIMITS OF IN QUALIFI- DURING CLASS OF LAB. LAB.
DESCRIPTION ACCEPTABILITY STAND CATION WORKS CONCRETING FOR DURING NOTE
ARDS PLANT QUALIF. WORKS S
Mass by volume The mass by volume at Yes Yes A S 4

at SSD SSD of aggregates > EN B O S 8
(saturated 2.5; 1O97-6 C-D O O
surface dry) absorption < 1% in
and absorption C.A. and < 2% in F.A.
of aggregates
Degradability to < 10% EN Yes No A S 5
sulphate attacks 1367-2 B O S 8
C-D O O
Content of 0,03% Yes No A S 5
chlorides EN B O S 8
soluble in water 1744-1 C-D O O
Reactivity of the Expansion of mortar Yes, if the A O O 6
aggregates with samples: petrographic B O O 8
alkalis with the accelerated exam shows C-D O O
test, maximum EN presence of
expansion of 0.10%. 12620 potentially
If the value is higher, reactive
perform the long-term elements
test. The maximum
acceptable values are
0.05% at 3 months and
0.10% at 6 months.
Content of acid- In F.A. SO3 EN Yes No A S 6
soluble < 0,80% 1744-1 B O S 8
sulphates In C.A. SO3 C-D O O
< 0,20%
Resistance to 4 EN Yes No A S 6
freeze/thaw 1367-1 B O O 8
cycles C-D O O
Notes:
1: Frequency during works per class of concreting plant: A: every 10,000 m 3 or bimonthly;
B: every 5,000 m3 or bimonthly; C-D:
every 2500 m3 or fortnightly;
every change of quarry;
weekly;
every six months;
annually;
7: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: indirect check of the specific weight of
the concrete when performing the
compression breaking tests on the cubes;
8: O: test to be carried out at Official/Authorised Laboratory;
S: test can be carried out at Site Laboratory or Supplier Laboratory;
In all cases that conform to standard regulation in force, Enel reserves the right to accept tests at non-
Official/Authorised Laboratories at its choice.
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Tabella 5-3 Specifications and tests for mixing water - Sheet 1 of 1
DESCRIPTION LIMITS OF STAND IN QUALIFI- DURING CLASS OF LAB. LAB. NOTE

CAT W CON
ION O CRE
R TIN
ACCEPTABILITY G FOR DURING
K PLA
S NT
QUALIF. WORKS
Yes if not from Yes A S 1

EN the public B O S 3
1008 water supply C-D O S
pH 4
Sulphates SO4 2000 mg/lt Yes if not from Yes A S 2

content EN the public B O S 3
1008 water supply C-D O O
Chlorides expressed as Cl-: Yes if not from Yes A S 2
content Reinforced concrete: < EN the public B O S 3
1000 mg/lt 1008 water supply C-D O O
Non-reinforced concrete:
< 4,500 mg/lt
Precompressed concrete:
< 500 mg/lt
Dangerous Values in mg/lt Yes if not from No A S 1
substances Sugars: < 100 EN the public B O S 3
Phosphates (P2O5): < 100 1008 water supply C-D O O
Nitrates (NO3): < 500
Lead (Pb2+): < 100
Zinc (Zn2+): < 100
Alkalis Sodium equivalent: </= Yes if not from No A S 1
1500 mg/lt. EN the public B O S 3
1008 water supply C-D O O
Initial settig time > 1 hour Yes if not from No A S 1
of cement (UNI not > 25% of the time EN the public B O S 3
EN 196-3) found mixing with 1008 water supply C-D O O
drinking water
Final settig time not > 12 hours Yes if not from No A S 1
of cement not > 25% of the time EN the public B O O 3
found mixing with 1008 water supply C-D O O
drinking water
Notes:
2: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: weekly for waters not coming from the
public water supply and bimonthly for all other
waters;
3: O= Test to be carried out at Official/Authorised Laboratory;
S= Test can be carried out at Site Laboratory or Supplier Laboratory;
Official/Authorised Laboratories at its choice.
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Tabella 5-4 Specifications and tests for admixtures - Fluidifying, aerating, superfluidifying,
accelerating admixtures Sheet 1 of 1
TESTS
CHARACTERISTICS
LIMITS IN FREQUENCY LABORATORY

DESCRIPTION OF STANDARDS QUALIFI- DURING DURING FOR QUALI- DURING NOTES
ACCEPTABILITY CATION WORKS WORKS FICATION WORKS
Test on product Data provided by EN 934-6 Yes Yes Every lot. O Prospect 1 1
as is producer and (sampling Requirements no. 1;
standards EN and 2; 4; 5
checking
conformity)
EN 934-2
Letter 4
Prospect 1
ISO 758
EN 480-8
ISO 4316
EN 480-2
ISO 1158
EN 480-10
Tests on the Data provided by EN 934-2
EN 480-12 Yes Yes Start of works O 1
conglomerate of producer and EN 480-1 and/or
concrete and/or standards EN EN 12350-2 qualification
on mortar EN 12350-7
prEN 12390-
3:1999
Notes:
1: O= Official test, except where the law requires tests by official laboratories, Enel reserves the right to
accept tests required from official laboratories if they are carried out at another laboratory recognised
as suitable for the purpose by Enel.
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Tabella 5-5 - Specifications and tests for reinforced concrete Sheet 1/1
DESCRIPTION LIMITS OF STANDARD IN DURING CLASS OF LAB. LAB. NO

ACCEPTABILITY S QUALIFICA WORKS CONCRETING FOR DURIN TE
TION PLANT QUALIF. G S
WORKS
Air content in < 2.5 % Yes Yes A S 1
non-aerated EN 12350-7 B O S 9
concrete C-D O O
Consistency Inside the limits of Yes Yes A S 2
each Consistency EN 206-1 B S 9
class class, according C-D O S
to EN 206-1 pt. 4.2.1 EN 12350-2
Specific gravity 2 % with respect to Yes Yes A S 2
the level found at EN 12350-6 B S 9
qualification or the EN 12390-7 C-D O S
level communicated
by the Producer
Compressive Limits of acceptability Yes for Yes for A S 2
strength after to be defined in pre- EN 12390- concretes of concretes of B S S 6
maturing for 24 qualification or 1/2/4 type G type G C-D O S 9
hours qualification phase
Setting test Limits of acceptability Yes No A S S 9

(start and end) to be defined in pre- (Yes only for B S S
on fresh qualification or an Enel C-D O O
concrete (ASTM qualification phase request)
C403)
Compressive A value that, when Yes Yes A S 3
strength after 7 suitably correlated, B O S 7
days curing falls within the EN 12390- C-D O O 9
expected range of 1/2/4
values at 28 days of
maturation
Compressive Yes Yes A O 2
strength after 28 B O 7
days curing EN 12390- C-D O O 9
1/2/4
Quantity of 0,1% Yes No A S 4
bleeding EN 12350 B S S 9
C-D O O
Delta T at 72 < 40C see 5.3.8.3 Yes for Yes for A O O 5
hours on concretes of concretes of B O O 8
adiabatic cube, type D-F type D-F C-D O O 9
Notes:
1: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: every 2500 m 3 or monthly;
2: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: every withdrawal of fresh concrete;
3: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: one withdrawal every 100 m 3 of spray and,
in any case, at least one withdrawal every day
of spray;
5: Frequency during works for each class of concreting plant: to be established on a case by case basis
by Enel, depending on the characteristics of
the works;
6: For concrete destined climbing formworks or when explicitly requested by Enel;
7: Each test must be performed on two samples, but two spares must be kept;
8: For concretes of type D and F the frequency is to be defined during the prequalification or
qualification phases, for CLASS A plants as well;
9: O= test to be carried out at Official/Authorised Laboratory;
S= test can be carried out at Site Laboratory or Supplier Laboratory;
10: every hour
Official Laboratories at its choice.
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Tabella 5-6 - Specifications and tests for grouts and concretes for filling and anchoring
embedments - sheet 1 of 1
CHARACTERISTICS TESTS
LABORATORY
ACCEPTABILIT DURING FREQUENCY
DESCRIPTI DURING DURI NO
Y STANDARD EXECUTI DURING FOR
ON QUALIFICATION NG TES
LIMITS ON EXECUTION QUALIF. EXEC.
Air content ACI 211.1.74 1 per sample C C (1)
table 5.2.3 EN 12350-7 YES YES (2)
Consistency 1 for each pouring (1)
(slump or EN 12350 YES YES and C C
pouring) EN 12350 1 for each sample
Maintenance EN 12350 EN 12350 YES NO - (1)
of C -
consistency
Quantity of EN 12350 EN 12350 YES YES Every 5 samples (1)
C C
bleeding
Volume EN 12350 EN 12350 YES YES 1 per sample C C (1)
density (3)
Compressio (1) at least 1 every 5 m3 (1)
n strength at YES YES and at least 1 for C C (4)
7 days of EN 12390 every day of pouring (5)
ageing
Compressio No less than the at least 1 every 5 m3 (1)
n strength at average and at least 1 for (5)
YES YES C U
28 days of strength for the EN 12390 every day of pouring
ageing foundation
Temperature From 1 a day and 1 per (1)
of poured +5C to 25C ACI 301 YES YES sample C C (4)
concrete
Sheet 1 of 1
Notes:
(1) U = official test - C = site test
Except in cases where the law requires testing by official laboratory, Enel reserves the right to
accept/object to the fact that tests which must be carried out in an official laboratory are conduction in
another laboratory recognised as suitable by Enel.
(2) Table 5.2.3 related to non air entrained concrete
(3) The limit is valid during qualification: during execution, the volume density must be equal to that
obtained during qualification with a tolerance of 50 kg/m3
(4) The acceptability limits are defined after the qualification tests;
(5) Each test must be conducted on two samples the sides of which measure: 10cm for aggregates with a
maximum diameter of 6mm; 15cm for aggregates with a maximum diameter of 15 mm.
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Tabella 5-7 - Specification and testing of improved adherence steel systematically inspected at
each casting in the plant electrowelded mesh Sheet 1/1
CHARACTERISTICS TESTS
FREQUENC LABORATORY
ACCEPTABILIT DURING DURING
DESCRIPTIO STANDAR Y DURING FOR DURIN NOTE
Y QUALIFICATIO EXECUTIO
N LIMITS D N N EXECUTION QUALIF G S
. EXEC.
Yield stress [*] [*] YES YES (2) P/U U/A (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Tensile stress [*] [*] YES YES (2) P/U U/A (1)
(2)
(3)
Stretching [*] [*] YES YES (2) P/U U/A (1)
(2)
(3)
Bending [*] [*] YES YES (5) P/U U/A (1)
(2)
(3)
adherence [*] [*] YES YES (5) U U/A (1)
(2)
C (3)
Checking [*] [*] YES YES (2) P/U U/A (1)
dimensions (2)
and marking C (3)
Diameter- [*] [*] YES YES (2) P/U U/A (1)

warp wire (2)
ratio
Resistance to [*] [*] YES YES (2) P/U U/A (1)
separation (2)
offered by
node welds
Notes:
(1) U = Official laboratory - A = Authorised laboratory - C = site laboratory P =
Manufacturers laboratory
(2) The qualification tests (certification and marking of the rods) and the tests during execution
must comply with the requirements stated in the applicable standards and codes;
(3) For each steelworks and for each batch chosen by the Project Supervisor;
(4) Determine the ultimate stress for permanent distortion at 0.2%, if the ultimate yield stress cannot
be clearly identified;
(5) During qualification: Beam test; during execution: Calculation of LR
[ * ] ACCEPTABILITY LIMITS SHALL COMPLY WITH LOCAL NATIONAL CODES AND

STANDARDS DEFINED IN THE ATTACHMENT A TO THIS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
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Appendice A
++++++++++++++
+++++++++++
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++++++++++++++++
5.10. REPAIRS ON THE CONCRETE

Repairs of defects in the formed concrete shall be completed within 24 hours after the removal of the
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formworks. The scales shall be clearly removed from the exposed surfaces. The concrete that is damaged
or has honeycombing shall be removed up to solid concrete by means of chisel, and in areas prominently
exposed, an initial cut of 25 mm in depth shall be made with a diamond drill around the area with
honeycombing. The affected area shall be removed by chisel up to sound concrete and shall be replaced
with mortar or concrete, as specified. No repair of defects shall be done until the Supervisor checks it. The
methods used to repair each individual defective area in the formed concrete shall be approved. Wherever
the gradual and abrupt irregularities overcome the limits specified in the bosses shall be reduced by
bushhammering and polishing. The filling with dry mortar shall be used for hollows that have a minimum
depth of 25 mm and a width equal or bigger than the depth, for hollows left by the removal of the fasteners
of the lashing rods of the formworks, and for the cuts of narrow groves for the repair of cracks. An adhesive
resin for polysulphide-epoxic concrete shall be applied to all concrete surfaces immediately after the setting
of the dry mortar or concrete for repairs.
The concrete repair will be made using the cementitious mortar MASTERPATCH 21, by:
http://www.basf-
cc.cl/es/productos/REPARACION/MEMBRANASDEREPARACION/MASTERPATCH21/Pages/default.aspx
or equivalent. The application shall be in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. All materials,
procedures, and operations used in the repair of concrete shall be done as ordered.
All fillings shall be properly adhered to the surface of the hollows; they shall be solid and free from cracks by
shrinking and hollow areas. They should be duly cured and in concordance with the color of the adjacent
concrete after the fillings have been cured and dried. All the fillings should have enough Portland cement in
order to produce the same color of the concrete to which they will adjust. The cost of all the materials, labor,
and equipment used in the repair of the concrete shall be on the Contractors account.
5.11. FLAWS AND TOLERANCES

Concrete structures shall be built to the lines and levels shown in the drawings.
Any structure that does not comply with the lines and levels within the tolerances mentioned below shall be
repaired or removed, and without any additional cost, the Contractor shall build it again. The repairs shall be
carried out according to this Specification.
a. Verticality Tolerance HEIGHT MAXIMUM

Surfaces of columns, up to 3m 0.5 cm
Corners, and joints. from 3 to 6m 1.0 cm
from 6 to 15m 2.0 cm
ELEVATION TOLERANCE
b. Tolerance in the Elevation up to 3m 0.5 cm

from the ground. from 3 to 6m 1.0 cm
from 6 to 15m. 2.0 cm
MAXIMUM LENGTH TOLERANCE
c. Planimetric flaws in the 6 m 1.0 cm

lines of works, 15 m 2.5 cm
beams, columns, and walls.
d. Flaws in the thickness of the structural elements such as beams, columns, walls shall not
overcome 0.5 cm per meter.
e. Flaws in the central axis, angles, and elevation of the formed, embedded blocks, sleeves or any
other object embedded in the concrete structures: 0.3 cm.
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5.12. SUPPLY AND SETTING OF REINFORCING STEEL
a. a. The requirements of the pertinent Chilean standards shall always be met as well as the more
stringent requirements of this chapter, if provided.
NCh 203 Of
2006 Acero para uso estructural
NCh 204 Of 77 Acero. Barras laminadas en caliente para hormign armado.
NCh 211 Of 70 Barras con resaltes en obras de hormign armado.
Mallas de acero de alta resistencia. Condiciones de uso en hormign
NCh 219 Of 77 armado.
b. Generalities. The Contractor shall detail, supply, cut, bend, and set the reinforcing steel as
necessary. All the reinforcement shall be free from scab, loose or scaled rust, oil, grease, and
other covering that can destroy its adherence to the concrete.
c. Cut and Bending. The reinforcing steel can be bent in the factory or in the field. All bending shall be
according to approved practical norms and shall be carried out by means of approved mechanical
methods. The heating of the reinforcement for bending is not allowed
d. Type. Unless it is ordered otherwise, reinforcing steel shall comply with ASTM A-615
"Specifications for Deformed Biller-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement", grade 40, as indicated
in the drawings. The Supervisor can order the tests that are necessary to determine the conformity
of all the reinforcement with the corresponding norms and quality for the proposed used without
any cost for the Owner.
e. Relationship of the Reinforcement with the Concrete Surfaces. The drawings shall indicate the free
spaces from the edge of the master reinforcement up to the surface of the concrete.
f. For the Anchoring and Overlapping of the Reinforcement, the indications of the Regulation ACI
318-83, on developing and overlapping lengths of the reinforcement, should be followed.
g. All the reinforcement shall be corrugated, except bar# 2; corrugations shall comply with the
minimum requirements for deformed steel bars for concrete reinforcement (ASTM A-305) or
Chilean equivalent.
h. The Contractor shall submit the guarantee of the steel to be used, issued by the manufacturer,
without exempting him from any responsibility when the field and lab tests indicate otherwise.
i. Transportation and storage. Reinforcing steel should be dispatched in common bundles duly
marked, and the bars cannot be bent to ease the transportation. Reinforcing steel should not be
stored at ground level, but over platforms, stringers, or other supports in order to prevent its
contamination and rusting. The steel that is stored should be protected against mechanical
damages and surface deterioration.
The deposits should be constructed in such a way that inactive storage is not produced and the
Contractor should use the steel according to the chronological order of its arrival to the site.
5.13. BEARINGS
The laid reinforcement shall be fixed in its location by means of concrete bearings, spacers and ties. The
bearings should have enough strength to hold firm the reinforcement during the pouring operation. Bearings
should be placed in such a way that they are not exposed or contribute in any degree to the coloring or
deterioration of the concrete.
5.14. TOLERANCES IN THE SETTING OF REINFORCEMENTS

The tolerances in the setting of the reinforcement shall be the following:
a. Tolerance in the thickness of the concrete embedment of the reinforcements: 6 mm, for less than 50
mm of embedment and 10 mm for more than 50 mm of embedment.
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b. Non-systematic tolerance in the distance of the bars: 30 mm.
Unless it is indicated otherwise, distance among the bars is measured between the axes of the same.
Reinforcing steel includes all relative expenses, in particular, the supply, transportation, storage, tests, cuts,
bending, cleaning, setting, spacers, waste, bearings, bonds, fastening wire, and any other necessary
element.
5.15. PREFABRICATED CONCRETE
5.15.1. General Design requirements

Prefabricated concrete elements can be used in the construction of foundation rafts, plinths, slabs,
retaining walls for earth or liquids, culverts, and other structures. Sketches are shown at the end of this
section.
The recommended methods of design and detailing for reinforced concrete and those for prestressed
concrete apply also to precast and composite construction.
Precast units should be designed to resist without permanent damage to the service external and internal
actions, as well as all stresses induced by handling, storage, transport and erection.
The design of connections is of fundamental importance in precast construction and should be carefully
considered. Especially when responsibilities for design and details are divided, checks to ensure
compatibility should be made.
Full regard should be paid to constructional tolerances.
Allowance for movements due to shrinkage, thermal effects and possible differential settlement of
foundations is of as great importance in precast as in situ construction. The number and spacing of joints
should be determined at an early stage in the design.
Durability should be considered in the design and detailing of connections.
When the continuity of reinforcement or tendons through the connections and/or the interaction between
precast members is such that the structure will behave as a continuous, the analysis, redistribution of
moments and the design and detailing may all be the same as for in situ construction.
The overall stability of the construction work, including its stability during construction or after accidental
local damage, should be considered. When prestressed members are built in to supports, restrained creep
effects should be considered.
There should be a single responsibility for the stability of a structure which may endorse the responsibility
for design and details of parts or elements
Structural design codes
Methods of analysis and design of precast concrete elements and assemblies are not within the scope of
this specifications.
For ensuring the structural the service performance, the stability and the robustness of the structure in all
situations, the relevant structural design codes valid in the Country shall apply, referring to design working
life, performance requirements, actions and load combinations, verification criteria, safety factors, as well as
on the materials used (concrete, steels, admixtures, neoprene, resins, etc.) and their characteristics.
5.15.2. Tolerances
The specified nominal dimensions are affected by deviations in the phases of
- production (thickness, length, straightness, planarity, or other dimensions after production of a
precast unit)
- erection (local placing, verticality, horizontality, or other characteristics of the construction assembly
after installation)
- construction (a measure arising from a combination of production, setting out, site work and
erection tolerances).
The tolerance is the sum of the absolute values of upper and lower permitted deviation. The recommended
maximum production tolerance on maximum deviations on length of precast elements is:
L
l(1 0 )40 mm
1000
where L is the nominal length in mm.
The required production tolerances shall be specified in the design drawings.
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5.15.3. Workshop, Transportation,storage,and erection requirements
Production requirements for precast elements

For concrete composition, type of cement, use of aggregates, additions and admixtures, and for resistance
to alkali-silica reaction, chloride content and concrete temperature, sections 5.2 to 5.7 of these specification
apply.
Concrete shall be placed and compacted so as to retain no appreciable amount of entrapped air other than
entrained air (e.g. to achieve sufficient frost resistance) to avoid detrimental segregation and to ensure that
the reinforcement shall be properly embedded.
Concrete shall be protected during curing so that loss in strength and cracking due to temperature and
shrinkage and that, if relevant, detrimental effects on durability, are avoided.
All surfaces of newly cast concrete may be protected by any other method applicable in the place of use,
unless it is shown by tests and inspection on the finished product or on representative samples, that other
means are relevant in the production environment.
Where heat treatment at atmospheric pressure is applied to concrete during production in order to
accelerate its hardening, it shall be demonstrated by initial testing that the required strength is achieved for
each type of concrete concerned.
Surface finishing shall be determined by the Supervisor.
The Supervisor can judge on treatment of imperfections and can reject any element deemed unfit due to
damaged or flaws, even after the setting.
All related provisions and costs - namely aggregates, cement, additives, water, mixing, transportation,
pouring, vibration, curing, finishing, repairs, treatment of construction joints, formworks, scaffolds, backfilling
of overprofiles beyond the pavement levels, preparation of the foundation surfaces, assays, and tests - are
included in the item Concrete.
Transient situations
Precast elements shall be designed and manufactured so that they can be handled safely, with no
detrimental effects. Provisions for handling and storage during transport and on site shall be given and
documented by the manufacturer. Elements can be handled and/or transported only after reaching enough
strength for not suffering ruptures or other damages.
The following transient situations shall be considered:
- demoulding
- transport to the storage yards
- storage (support and load conditions)
- transport to site
- erection (lifting)
- construction (assembly).
When relevant for the type of element, for transient situations a nominal transverse horizontal force to cover
out of plane effects due to dynamic actions or verticality deviations shall be considered. This may be taken
as 1,5 % of the self-weight of the element.
5.15.4. Connections
5.15.4.1. General requirements

Design of connections, where possible, should be those applicable to reinforced concrete or prestressed
concrete. Where such methods are not applicable, the efficiency of the connection should be checked by
specific guidance documents or by appropriate tests.
In the design stage attention should be paid to the following:
where projecting bars or sections are required, they should be kept to a minimum and made as simple
as possible. The lengths of such projections should not be more than necessary for security;
fragile fins and nibs should be avoided;
fixing devices should be located in concrete sections of adequate strength;
practicability of both casting and assembly should be considered;
most connections require the introduction of suitable jointing material. Sufficient space should be
allowed in the design for such material to ensure that the proper filling of the joint is practicable;
it may be desirable that levelling devices, e.g. nuts and wedges, having no load-bearing function in the
completed structure should be slackened, release d or removed as necessary; where this is
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necessary, the details should be such that inspection (to ensure that this has been done) can be
carried out without undue difficulty.
Connections should be designed to maintain the standard of protection against weather, fire (where
applicable) and corrosion required for the remainder of the structure.
Joints transmitting mainly compression should be designed to resist all the forces and moments implicit in
the assumptions made in analysing the structure as a whole and in designing the individual member to be
joined.
Joints transmitting shear may be assumed affective if the joint is grouted with a suitable concrete or mortar
mix and the appropriate condition is satisfied. Keyed dry joints may be used if very accurate execution is
assured.
Where continuity of reinforcement is required through the connection, the jointing method used should be
such that the assumptions made in analysing the structure and critical sections are realized.
Particular attention and special provisions should be taken for joints having serviceability requirements
related to insulation or water tightness.
5.15.4.2. Bearing
The integrity of a bearing for precast members is dependent upon two essential safeguards:
an overlap of reinforcement in reinforced bearings;
a restraint against loss of bearing through movement.
5.15.4.3. Wet connection with through reinforcement

Wet connections can be grouted with concrete or mortar. Their width is established according to t he
reinforcements overlap and the poring needs.
Where straight bars passing through the joint are lapped, the recommendations for the in situ connection
apply.
For reinforcement grouted into aperture, an adequate capacity to restrain pull -out should be provided on
the inside of the pocket or recess.
Provided their strength and deformation have been determined by tests, either of the following types of
sleeve jointing may be used:
- grouted, resin-filled or swaged sleeves capable of transmitting both tensile and compressive
forces;
- sleeves that mechanically align the square-sawn ends of two bars to allow the transmission of
compressive forces only.
The detailed design of the sleeve and the method of manufacture and assembly should be such as to
ensure that the ends of the two bars can be accurately aligned into the sleeve. The concrete cover provided
for the sleeve should be not less than that specified for normal reinforcement.
Where there is a risk of the threaded connection working loose, e.g. during vibration of in situ concrete, a
locking device should be used. Acceptable methods for joining threaded bars include the following:
- the threaded ends of bars are jointed by a coupler having left-and-right-hand threads. This type
of threaded connection requires a high degree of accuracy in manufacture in view of the
difficulty of ensuring alignment;
- one set of bars are welded to a steel plate drilled to receive the threaded ends of the second set
of bars: the second set of bars are fixed to the plate by means of nuts;
- threaded anchors are cast into a precast unit to receive the threaded ends of reinforcement.
5.15.4.4. Dry connections

Joints with structural steel inserts
Such joints generally consist of a steel plate or rolled steel section projecting from the face of a member.
Detailed design provisions include the following:
- the steel sections and any bolted or welded connections should be designed in accordance with
the appropriate recommendations;
- design ultimate bearing stresses up to 0.8 the design strength may be used, unless higher values
can be justified as the result of tests;
- consideration should be given in the design to the possibility of splitting under the steel section
as a result of shrinkage effects and localized bearing stresses, e.g. under narrow steel plate.
Resin adhesives
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Resin adhesives may be used to form joints subjected to compression but not to resist tension or shear.
They should only be used where they are adequately protected against the effects of fire.
Other types
Any other type of connection that can be shown to be capable of carrying the ultimate loads acting on it may
be used. Amongst those suitable for resisting shear and flexure is the prestressing across the joint.
Particular attention should be paid to detailing the joint and joint reinforcement to prevent premature splitting
or spalling of concrete in the ends of the precast members.
-
5.15.4.5. Composite concrete construction

This section is applicable where precast reinforced or prestressed concrete units combine with added in situ
concrete to resist flexure.
Provision for shear transfer has to be provided made at the contact surface.
The design of component parts as well as the composite sections should take account of construction
methods and whether props are used; stresses and deflections will both be affected.
Where there is an appreciable difference between the age and quality of the concrete in the components,
differential shrinkage may lead to increased stresses in the composite section and these should be
investigated. The effects of differential shrinkage are likely to be more severe when the precast component
is of reinforced concrete, or of prestressed concrete with an approximately triangular distribution of stress
due to prestress. In particular, the tensile stresses due to differential shrinkage may require consideration in
design.
5.15.5. Tests and inspections

The following tests are always required
- Concrete Compressive strength
- Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics.
Other tests may be ordered by the works supervisor.
Tests on reinforcing and prestressing steels are not required if the products are qualified.
The manufacturer shall establish, document, maintain and implement a factory production control system to
ensure that the elements meet the specified requirements and comply with the values and with the
requirements on technical documentation.
The factory production control system shall consist of procedures, instructions, regular inspections, tests
and the utilisation of the results to control equipment, raw materials, other incoming materials, production
process and finished products.
Inspection and testing shall be performed on equipment, raw materials, other incoming materials,
production process and finished products. The subjects, criteria, methods and frequencies related to
inspection and testing shall be laid down in inspection schemes. The frequency of checks and inspections
and the methods shall be defined in such a way as to achieve permanent conformity of the production. The
results of inspection which are expressed in numerical terms, all inspection results requiring corrective
action and test results, shall be recorded and be available.
The tests shall be carried out in accordance with the methods mentioned in the relevant standard or by
applying alternative test methods with a proven correlation or a safe relationship to the standard methods.
The results of testing shall meet the specified compliance criteria and be available.
5.15.6. Examples
Some examples of possible precast construction for the works here considered are sketched below.
It must be noted that structures for liquid retaining works (tanks, reservoirs, etc.) generally need ample cast-
in-situ parts, able to connect monolithically the precast elements and safeguard the continuity of the joints
for their lifetime and the integrity of waterproofing layers.
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Ene! Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0
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PLAN DETAIL A-PLAN
IB reinforcing
bars
concrete
--,,0ETAILA cast insitu
SECTION B-B protruding

/ hooks
+_+ + + + 7}' +/+ + +

,
240 240 1 , Surface rough
<
iirasrsitu added ' - or indented
_______ + +
Fig.1 - SCHEME OF A PRECAST R.C. FOUNDATION RAFT
V LJ-k1 NI
.. .. .. .. ..
..
..
,,, tendons
.. ---- -- ----
,
1 precast
l elements
3 I
-
, 3
3 ------- _,3=-----,
'I N
_ 480 1 480
FRONTAL VIEW
tenduns
Fig.2 - SCHEME OF A PRECAST PRESTRESSED FOUNDATION RAFT

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S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0
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PLAN - DETAIL C
BU_ _
DETAIL
SECTION B-B
SECTION A-A threaded anchor rods
p r e c a st
c o n rt n g
beam
precast plinth
precast retaining
precast retaining wall
e emen s wall element
A
bolted top
connenction for H>3.0m
foundation mat
cast insitu
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Fig.5 PRECAST ELEMENTS FOR LIQUID RETAINING WALLS

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6. MASONRY WORKS
6.1. SCOPE OF WORK

According to the specifications contained in this Section and as shown in the Drawings, the Contractor shall
supply all labor, materials, tools, equipment, scaffolds, and services necessary to carry out thoroughly and
adequately all the masonry works related to the Bidding Documents, which include but do not limit the
following:
a. Plaster
b. Finish
c. Polish
d. Bushhammering
6.2. GENERAL
The Contractor shall submit to the Supervisors approval the samples of all the materials to be used. The
materials that are not approved shall be removed from the Work Site in a maximum time of twenty-four (24)
hours.
6.3. PLASTER, FINISH, AND POLISHING

a. The cement for plasters and finish shall have low content of alkali (the proportions of the mortars
are indicted in Section 7). A finished wall already dried should not detach dust.
b. The concrete structures shall be roughened before plastering for the best adherence of the plaster.
All surfaces shall be carefully cleaned and wetted. The drill holes to place piping, boxes,
anchorages, etc., shall be preferably made before plastering; a wall shall not be finished if the
holes have not been patched and pointed and the plasters have been finished.
c. Plasters should be carefully cured keeping them wet, for at least 8 days, after they are finished.
The finish should be applied in complete panels, which surface is totally wet.
d. The plastered and finished walls shall be clear, clean, stainless, vertical, without cracks or abrupt
irregularities.
e. The walls indicated by the Supervisor shall be finished. In order to obtain a good finish, sand
should be screened dry in a 1/32 screen. The finishes shall be done with a finishing by metal or
wood trowel, followed by a sponge smoothing. In order to carry out the finish, the wall shall be well
plastered and meted up to saturation. Then non-fine surfaces shall be carefully sandpapered until
a fine texture is obtained, before they are painted.
f. When drillings are done on the walls or slabs as to place piping, plumbing fixtures, etc., after the
surface is plastered, the whole panel should be thoroughly finished again in order to avoid any
stain or restoring evidence.
g. Polishes are made with cement paste, smoothing them with sponge. In order to carry out the
polish, the wall should be well-plastered, finished, and wetted up to saturation. Polish should be
carried out over fresh finish and its final finish should not exhibit grooves or any other type of
defectiveness.
6.4. BUSHHAMMERING
Concrete bushhammering shall be made in a homogenous form, with the density and penetration indicated
by the Supervisor, for which the Contractor shall make a sample of 1.0 m2.
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7. CEMENT BRICK FLOORS
7.1. SCOPE OF WORK

According to the specifications contained in this Section and as indicated in the Drawings, the Contractor
shall supply all labor, materials, tools, equipment, scaffolds, and services necessary to carry out thoroughly
and adequately all the installation of floors related to the Bidding Documents.
The installation of floors directly on natural soils of any kind shall not be accepted. All bricklaying shall be
seated on a base of concrete or gravel duly compacted, with a minimum thickness of 5 cm.
7.2. INSTALLATION
Cement brick floor of 30 cm X 30 cm and 23 mm minimum thickness, with a wear layer of 2 mm thick.
Cement brick lining of surfaces:
a. The material, shape, dimensions, color, design of the bricks shall be those indicated in the
drawings or indicated by the Supervisor. The quality of the floor tiles shall be the best that is
manufactured or marketed in the country.
b. The mortar to be used is 1:4 parts of cement and sand respectively; both sand and cement shall
comply with that related to concrete.
c. In order to install cement bricks, a mortar layer of 2 cm average shall be used, but at any time it
should be less than 1.5 cm. The surface of the base and the brick surface shall be wetted before
placing the mortar, which shall thoroughly fill the area covered by each brick.
The bricklaying surface shall be perfectly flat. The joints among cement bricks shall be clear,
straight, and without butts.
d. Cement brick floors should be mortared with gray cement whitewash, in a proportion of 1 part of
cement per 10 of water.
e. In all areas to lay brick, it shall make sure that the cuttings are located in the intersection of the
floor and the less visible walls.
8. BLOCK PAVING
8.1. SCOPE OF WORK

According to the specifications contained in this Section, the Contractor shall supply all labor, materials,
tools, equipment, scaffolds, and services necessary to carry out thoroughly and adequately the block paving
laying related to the Bidding Documents.
8.2. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
8.2.1. Template
Over the base a loose layer of fine and clean sand shall be set with a thickness not less than 3 cm, or
higher than 5, which should not have more than 3% of material screened by the 200 mesh and no more
than 10 % should be hold by the No. 4 screen; the sand surface that is not yet compacted should be similar
to the finished surface.
The sand layer shall be compacted after the setting of the stone-paving block, applying them a vibrator by
means of a slab vibrator.
8.2.2. Block Paving

Block paving shall be placed at level perfectly settling them over a template leaving a joint not more than 10
mm among them. The block paving should have a compressive strength not less than 250 kg/cm 2 and shall
be made of slag.
Sand Seal: The sand with which the joints are filled shall be free from organic matter and contaminants and
should have the following grading:
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8.2.3. Requirements of the sand for sealing the joints

No. of screen % sifted by the screen
No.8 - 100
No.50 15 - 40
No.100 - 10
No.200 0 - 15
At the moment of using the sand, this one shall be dry and loose enough for the sealing of the joints, so it
can penetrate into the joints by means of sweep.
As for the sand to penetrate in the joints, a broom or plane with long and hard hairs shall be useful,
sweeping repeatedly and in different directions a moderate amount of sand.
A surplus of sand shall be left spread over the entire surface of the finished block paving for at least two
weeks, so traffic and possible rainfalls help to place the sand and with this to consolidate the seal.
Once the stone paving blocks are settled and the joints packed with mastic, it is convenient to roll over them
whether a metallic or pneumatic float, or instead of this, loaded trucks until the right level and settlement of
the stone paving blocks is reached. If necessary, a vibrator roller will help with the settlement of the joint
packing with mastic.
The filling of joints should be repeated until perfect joint packing is achieved, necessary for the stabilization
of the stone paving blocks. The filling of the joints should be repeated until a perfect packing is achieved,
which is necessary for the stabilization of the stone paving blocks.
In places where certain hollows appear, which overcome the indicated tolerance, or stone paving blocks
have been damaged, these ones shall be removed correcting the defectiveness and repeating the indicated
construction process.
Every 3 meters maximum, anchors should be used in ramps and slopes higher than 5%. These shall
consist in glue with mortar in proportion 1 cement, 4 sand, a line of stone paving blocks along the width of
the ramps and/or slopes. Mortars in the joints packing should not be used in these anchorages.
9. STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METALLIC WORKS
9.1. SCOPE OF WORK

The Contractor shall provide all the materials, labor, tools, equipment, and services necessary to
thoroughly carry out all the works that include, but are not limited to the following:
a. Structural steel works (frameworks, beams, metallic columns)

b. Drainage grates
c. Metallic doors and fittings (framework, splays, iron fittings, etc.)
d. Metallic structure for fascias
e. Gutters
f. Water tables
g. Skids
9.2. GENERAL
Structural members, frameworks, etc., shall be properly aligned and spaced. Surface irregularities and
diversions shall not be allowed (buckling, distortion, flaws in alignment, verticality, horizontality, or
parallelism)
The Contractor shall take the suitable steps for the performance of all interdependent works (for example:
settlement of columns, pitch of metallic beams through concrete structures, etc.)
9.3. LABOR
The process of manufacturing and fixture of al the metallic structure shall comply with the specifications
AISC and AWS in their most recent editions. Workers assigned to this task should be qualified, and the
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Contractor shall replace any worker whose capacity is judged as poor by the Owners Supervisor.
9.4. WORKSHOP PROCESSING

The contractor is obliged to adopt appropriate techniques and procedures for processing, is fully
responsible for the proper execution of work and can not plead extenuating circumstances in cases of
disputed or questionable results, due to incompetence or failure to comply with requirements established
by standards.
In particular, the following requirements must be met regarding the operation of primary production in the
workshop.
STRAIGHTENING
Straightening and leveling, when necessary, should be performed by devices acting by pressure. The use
of local hot is prohibited
MACHINING OPERATIONS
Surfaces of cuts can be rough, provided it shows tearing, shooting, lack of material or burrs.
Cutting oxygen is allowed as long as regular.
Irregular cuts must be passed through with grinders.
Shears cutting of steel plate with thickness <_22 mm is allowed, while for greater thicknesses is required
cutting flame.
The shearing of rolled profiles having dimensions <_150 mm is admitted. Profiles of higher dimensions will
be cut by saw only.
Drilling punch through to final diameter is permitted for thickness <_12mm. Perforations on thickness >12
mm should be carried out with a drill or by subsequent reaming of the hole punched.
The use of the torch for the execution of the holes is prohibited.
For the bolts tightening should be used hand torque wrenches, with or without the torque limiter mechanism
or pneumatic wrenches with torque limiter; all of this however must be such as to ensure an accuracy to the
tightening of not less than 5%.
WELDING
The following procedures may be used:
- automatic submerged arc welding;
- automatic or semiautomatic welding under gas protection (CO2 or its mixture);
- manual welding with coated electrode.
For the use of automatic or semiautomatic welding methods the contractor must demonstrate and
document the approval of the procedures obtained by organizations certified and able to establish:
- the ability to perform the main types of joints provided in the structure with a good aspect and without
internal defects, to be verified radiographically or by rupture tests on the joint;
- the tensile strength of butt-jointed must be assessed by sample transversal to the joint and that must
not be inferior to the base material one;
- the capacity of deformation of the joint, to be ascertained by test pieces which will be able to bend at
180 on the spindle equal to 3 times the thickness, for steels up to 430N/mm2 yield strength and 4
times the thickness for steels of higher characteristics;
- the resilience that must be tested at -30 C.
The samples for tensile, bending, resilience and for other mechanical tests (if deemed necessary) must be
drawn from butt welded pieces and will be chosen for this purpose the most significant thicknesses of the
structure.
With each welding process Vickers hardness HV 30 in the heat affected zone of the base metal does not
exceed the value of 350 N/mm2. When the need for thick or ambient temperature so require, it will be
necessary to apply a suitable preheating.
The welds must be performed by workers sufficiently trained in the use of related equipment and
compliance with the conditions laid down in the approval process.
If welding is carried out manually, exclusively electrodes approved and classified by the base material must
be used.
Welds made with coated electrodes must be performed by workers who have passed the qualification tests
for the class of electrode type and the welding positions provided.
The use of non-basic electrode is not allowed except for welding elements.
The electrodes must be dried in an oven at temperature of 420 C for two and a half hours and stored in
sealed containers until the moment of their use.
EXECUTIVE TECHNIQUES OF WELDING

Welds made of high thick require preheating of the local part that is welded.
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Any traces of moisture present on the pieces must be removed.

The appearance of the welds must be reasonably regular and show no abrupt depressions with the base
metal.
The sequences of welding and the constraint conditions must be taken the most appropriate, in order to
reduce as far as possible the residual stresses from welding and facilitate the execution of welded joints;
also the requirements for pre-heating in relation to the local thickness, types of steel and the temperature
during construction shall be observed.
The surface of each pass must be freed from the slag before the subsequent passes are carried out; also
the slag must be removed locally at the restart of the same pass.
In manual welding the ignition of the electrodes on the elements next to the joint should be avoided.
The ends of the weld butt joints must always be done on extensions.
In the butt joints and in the T full penetration joints, carried out with manual welding, the apex of the weld
must always be removed to the depth required to reach the metal by chipping, grinding or other suitable
system, prior to done the next pass.
INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

SQA contractor must perform the necessary checks during manufacturing to ensure product quality,
documenting and preserving memory through specific reports.
These reports and all documentation relating to the intermediate test and final inspection must be made
available to the Supervisor which will have free access to workshop.
The contractor is responsible for sending periodic reports to the Supervisor.
The quality controls generally include:

- dimensional checks carried out to verify the geometric correspondence between the workpiece and
the corresponding drawing;
- non-destructive testing on welds (ultrasonic or radiographic testing may be required for full penetration
welds in areas under tension).
Radiographic examination is usually conducted when the thickness exceeds 40 mm, while the ultrasound
examination is reserved for lower thicknesses.
Similar investigations spot may sometimes be required for full penetration welds in areas subjected to
compression.
Bead welds of the main structures can be tested with magnaflux in the percentage (to be established) of
their total development.
The evaluation of the results of such investigations shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements
in the reference standards.
PREASSEMBLY AT WORKSHOP
For complex structure the preassembly at workshop is appropriate, before the assembly on yard. The
preassembly can be multi-stage, as long all the connections are checked.
In the case of complex structures built in series, the only sample can be mounted in the test, provided that
the drilling is performed with a mask or with equivalent processes (for example, drilling in line numerically
controlled).
MARKING AND SHIPPING OF PARTS

All elements prefabricated at workshop have to be marked with legibly positions and identification marks,
as provided by the construction drawings and assembly drawings.
These identification codes will be printed using a mechanical stamp or marked by paint resistant to water.
9.5. QUALITY CONTROL

The Contractor shall submit the quality control certificates of the metallic material supplied by the
manufacturer. The Supervisor can suspend or reject any work carried out with material that does not have
the certificate.
The Supervisor shall order the tests he considers necessary to determine the acceptability of the welded
joints, which shall be on the Owners account.
In particular the contractor must carry out all the geometric control on the structure and all the non
destructive test on the bolted and welded joint, as prescribed by the standard.
Tolerances of 1 are allowed on the length of each element of the structure (both vertical and horizontal)
without the sum of the tolerances of adjacent elements.
The maximum out-of-plumb allowed for the interplane is 3,5 and for the total height of the building is
1,5.
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The damage caused by failure of these tolerances will be charged to the Contractor
The Contractor shall correct, on his account, any defectiveness detected in the manufacturing or fixture of
the metallic structure, which shall not be a reason to extend the term of the contract.
9.6. SAMPLES
All necessary samples of the materials specified in this document shall be provided upon request of the
Owners Supervisor.
9.7. WORKSHOP DRAWINGS

The Contractor is buond, before starting the works of this Section, to submit to the Supervisor for its
approval, fabrication drawings for all and each one of the headings included in this document, at least 3
copies of each one of them.
9.8. CONDITIONS AND VERIFICATION

a. All measures shall be verified in the field, as required for all fixture tasks so it can be adjusted to the
conditions of the work.
b. Before starting any work, the entire adjacent work shall be examined, of which the work the work
included in this Section somehow depends, in order to ensure perfect carrying-out and fitting.
Indeed, starting in these areas or surfaces constitutes acceptance of the same and then the
Contractor assumes responsibility for the flaws it may have.
9.9. STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS

The material shall have well shaped edges and sharp surfaces; it shall be free from twists, burrs, and other
defects or damages and shall have an apparent limit of minimum elasticity of 3500 kg/cm2.
9.10. WORK ON YARD
a. Anchorages. Anchorages shall be properly installed by means of legs fixed in concrete, or bolts
fixed in lead plugs, or expansion bolts, as necessary in relation to the dimension of the pieces and
their use.
b. Fixture. The structural steel fixture shall be carried out according to the methods previously
approved by the Supervisor.
The Contractor shall provide all the heavy and light equipment in enough quantities to allow the
performance of the fixture according to the established program.
During the fixture of the structures, the Contractor shall verify the accuracy of the levels and verticality of
the same, as specified.
For the joint of the structures, the bolts shall be installed according to the requisites of the specifications
ASTM A-325, A-490.
Bolts should perfectly fit and have a length to project them at least 3 millimeters over the nut when they are
tied, and the thread be dented in the part that is projected. The heads of bolts and threads shall be
hexagonal.
Columns and other elements that rest in plates over the concrete bases shall be supported by means of
steel lifts or wedges until they are well aligned, graded and revised.
After the grading, the hollows left shall be filled with mortar without contraction, or as indicated by the
Supervisor.
9.11. RUST-RESISTING PAINT

The paint to be used shall be a base of rust-resisting paint that covers thoroughly the entire metallic
surfaces, including welding. The entire surface shall be carefully cleaned. Residues of rust, grease and
foreign material must be removed by sand blasting at least Sa 2 1/2 grade.
In any case paint shall be applied over surfaces with oxide, dust, grease, or any other strange material.
When finishing the manufacture, all metallic work should be applied with two coats of paint in the workshop
(one of priming and the other of finish), the retouching in the work and one final finish coat of rust-resisting
paint in the work
All steel structure, after its manufacturing, shall be perfectly cleaned by efficient means of loose scales,
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oxidation, splash, slag or deposition, welding compounds, oil, dust, and other strange particles. The contact
surfaces in the workshop shall be clean before their assembly, but they shall not be painted. Surfaces that
shall be in contact and subject to fixation in the work shall not be painted in the workshop, nor the surfaces
and parts adjacent to the connection welding in work, which are found at a distance of at least two (2)
inches to each side of the joints.
The priming paint coat shall be high quality rust-resisting, such as Excello Rustop, which is produced by
Sherwin Williams or an equivalent.
The finish paint shall have a base of Enameloid of Sherwin Williams, or an equivalent available in Chile.
Each coat of paint shall slightly vary in color in relation to the previous coat, in order to control the
application of coats.
9.12. RAINAGE GRATES

Grates of the rainfall boxes in the gardens shall have an edge framework of 1 X 1 X1/8with a grillage of
3/8 every 5 centimeters in both directions and metallic screen that prevents the entering of solid material
that can cause settling or obstruction of pipes.
9.13. METALLIC DOORS AND FITTINGS

The door trims shall be installed vertically and graded. The sashes can be perfectly opened and closed and
their lock should be easily managed.
9.13.1. Door D-1

Unless indicated otherwise in the drawings, the metallic doors should be made with double lining flat sheet
of black iron, gage 1/32 inches, should not have more joints or seams in the exposed faces than the ones
indicated. The structure of the doors shall be a framework of structural tube of 1 X 1 X 1/8", and the door
trims with an angle of 1 1/4 X 1 1/4 X 1/8. Each door shall have its corresponding lock type bolt brand
Yale or similar. They shall have 3 capsule hinges of 4, smooth square iron puller of 1.
9.13.2. Door D-2

This one consists of two door sashes, according pleating type, with mesh lining screen type, structural tube
framework of 1 1/2 X 1 1/2 X 1/8", and the doors trims with angle of 2 X 2 X 1/8. They shall have a lock
type bolt brand Yale or similar. They shall have 3 capsule hinges of double action of 3, puller, rubber-
covered wheel, rail and latch on the floor or on the ceiling, as indicated by the Supervisor.
9.13.3. Rolling Door D-3

It is a rolling steel door of galvanized stave, gage 20, with chain mechanisms and reinforced shafts.
9.14. METALLIC STRUCTURE FOR FASCIA

The materials to be used in the manufacture of the metallic structured that shall be used as support for the
fascia shall be industrial tubes of 2 X 2 and angles of 2 x 2 x1/8, supported over C skids like loading
platform, and they shall be welded over a bar bolted to the wall.
Before the fixture, all the metallic structure should be painted with rust-resisting paint (one coat) and the
second coat shall be applied prior authorization of the Supervisor and shall be retouched, wherever is
necessary, for the final delivery of the work.
9.15. RAINFALL GUTTERS

Gutters shall be made of galvanized sheet, gage # 26, and shall be manufactured with uniform edges.
Welding shall be carried out with a mixture of tin and lead in the proportion approved by the Supervisor, with
the laps suitable to avoid cracks in the material of the welding. Before starting the welding, surfaces shall be
cleaned with muriatic acid.
Welding in direction to the grade of the gutter shall not be allowed. Gutters shall be placed over the metallic
supports indicated in the drawings, with uniform grades towards the outlet cones in order to avoid the
formation of pools. Overloading and striking of the gutters shall be avoided as not to cause them any dents.
Downspout shall be in PVC piping and shall be fixed to the wall by means of clamps.
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Gutters shall be connected to the PVC downspouts by means of galvanized sheet cylinders, gage # 26,
which shall be welded to the gutter with tin and lead weld, and clinched for better stability.
The cylinders shall be fitted to the internal diameter of the downspout and shall penetrate it at least 20
centimeters. The internal diameter of the downspout should not be reduced in more than 0.5 centimeters of
diameter.
9.16. GALVANIZED SHEET WATER TABLES

The water tables shall be made of galvanized sheet, gage # 26, in every place where there is a possibility
of water infiltration between the different parts of the roofs, gutters, and parapets.
The water tables shall be placed wherever is necessary, even if it is not specified in the drawings. The water
tables shall be installed wherever is necessary.
10. GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND FOUNDATION DESIGN
10.1. GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
EGP is providing the preliminary Geotechnical information available in the area. It is scope of work of the
Contractractor to execute the detailed geotechnical investigations in the area of construction of the power
plant: The Contractor is in charge to realize the geotechnical survey and to produce the geotechnical report
of each element inside the power plant. The geotechnical report must include the loads on the foundations,
retaining works, slopes. It must include the mathematical model of the soil and the step by step calculation
of bearing capacity, stability and settlements. The geotechnical survey plan will be checked and approved
by EGP.
The geotechnical survey must include at least the following tests:
- 10 boreholes 30m deep,
- SPT each 1,5m in every borehole,
- 10 CPT tests of 30m depth,
- laboratory tests :30 edometric and 30 consolidated drained triaxial tests if the soil is sampled.
The geotechnical test plan must be approved by EGP.
10.2. .FOUNDATION DESIGN
Each foundation must be designed considering the geotechnical informations coming from the site
investigations.
The foundation can be shallow foundations or pile foundation, in both cases the calculation of the
foundations must be done controlling:
- Bearing capacity (in drained and undrained conditions)
- Settlements (in drained and undrained conditions)
- Liquefaction
10.2.1. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (PLINTH , SLABS, ETC)
Shallow foundations must be designed considering all the loads coming from the equipments and
structures and sized considering the reduction of settlements.
The level of foundation must be checked by a Geotechnical Engineer
10.2.2. PILE FOUNDATIONS (OR DEEP FOUNDATIONS, OR INDIRECT

FOUNDATIONS)
The piles can be drilled piles or continuous auger piles, in both cases they must be reinforced with steel
bars along all the pile
In the design of pile foundation it is not possible to consider that a part of the loads go on the slab: all the
loads must be given to the piles.
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The pile foundation can be designed using analytical models but the Contractor must perform some design
tests on pile in order to confirm the calculations: design load test.
The design load test must be executed until the breakage of the pile and it have to be executed with
frequency of 1 tests for 20 designed piles, during the test the Contractor must measure the load and the
displacement of the head of the pile
After the construction of the piles, the Owner will chose some piles (1 each 20 realized piles) and the
Contractor must execute the trial load test on these piles applying a load 1,5 times the design service load
after the execution of the not destructive test to check the integrity of the piles. During the test the
Contractor must measure the load and the displacement of the head of the pile
All the costs for the tests on the piles are in charge to the Contractor.
11. OTHER REQUIREMENTS
11.1. ROADS AND FINITURE OF THE PLATFORM

All Power Plant roadways and parking areas will be of road grade base to surface and raised 2 from Power
Plant site level to allow for daily vehicle use and roadway drainage. All non-roadways will be of road base
sub and 3 thick level of 1.5 crush aggregate gravel surfaced. All Power Plant roads shall be raised and
sloped for drainage.
11.2. DEFINITION OF FLOOR LIVE LOADS

The accidental load on the floors (due to the people and storage) shall not be less than 500kg/m2
11.3. GROUT SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The plaster mortars shall be mechanically mixed, in the quantities strictly necessary for
immediate use. Dosage of the various components shall be performed by means and methods
approved by EGP. EGP may require or approve, depending on project requirements, the use of mixes and
dosages different from those prescribed below. Preparing cement mortar, EGP may require the use of
water-repellent additives, of the type approved by EGP, according to the quantities and methods indicated
by themanufacturers. For plastering on concrete structures, the surfaces shall be appropriately prepared to
ensure perfect adherence of the plaster.Protruding or indented edge shall be sharped or rounded,
depending on EGP requirements.
ROUGH CAST PLASTERING

Rough cast plastering shall be realized of at least two layers of mortar, chosen by EGP from one of the
following types:
a) lime mortar: 0.4 m3 of lime per m3 of aggregate material;
b) hydraulic lime mortar: 400 kg of lime per m3 of aggregate material.
The first layer (rendering coat) shall be applied with force, in order to penetrate all the
gaps and fill them, then smoothed. The second layer, to be applied when the first layer
has set slightly, shall be spread with a plastering trowel. The surface of the finished
plaster shall be such that, with respect to a 2 metre long ruler, there are deviations no
greater than 3 mm. The overall thickness, however, shall not be less than 12 mm.
TWO-COAT PLASTER
Two-coat plaster shall be realized of the rough cast plaster referred to in paragraph
30.1 above and by an upper layer of mortar (floating coat), spread with a fine trowel,
chosen, at EGPs discretion, from one of the following types:
a) lime mortar: 0.6 m3 of lime per m3 of aggregate material;
b) hydraulic lime mortar: 600 kg of lime per m3 of sand.
The surface of the finished plaster shall be such that, with respect to a 2 metre long
ruler, there are deviations no greater than 2 mm. The overall thickness, however, shall
not be less than 15 mm.
CEMENT PLASTER (RENDERING)

The cement plaster rendering shall be formed of:
a) at least two layers of 32.5 R cement mortar, with 400 kg of cement per m3 of aggregate;
b) one layer of 32.5 R cement mortar, with 600 kg of cement per cubic metre of aggregate.
When smoothing with a trowel is required, before the layer hardens, the surface shall be dusted with pure
cement, then smoothed with a trowel to obtain a perfect, smooth and uniform surface.
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The surface of the finished plaster shall be such that, with respect to a 2 metre long ruler, there are
deviations no greater than 2 mm. The overall thickness, however, shall not be less than 15 mm.
PREMIXED PLASTER
Premixed plaster shall be applied directly on all surfaces, except on precast elements articles, with a tunnel
system.
The premixed plaster shall be vermiculite-based, of the "Monocote" or "Ready" type, and shall be applied
with a thickness of no less than 15 mm.
The finished surface shall be perfectly smooth and uniform and such that, with respect to a 2 metre long
ruler, there are deviations not greater than 1mm.
11.4. FINISHING COAT

Finishing coat may be performed on both an undercoat of rustic plastering and on civil plastering, with
gypsum scagliola plaster and adhesive lime (in a proportion of 60/40), forming a layer of around 5 mm
thickness and avoiding split in different phases, in order to obtain a perfectly smooth and uniform surface,
and such that, with respect to a 2 metre long ruler, there are deviations no greater than 1mm.
The total thickness of the plaster, complete with plaster smoothing, shall not be less than 15 mm.
11.5. STUCCO FINISH

The stucco finish shall be performed on rough cast plastering and shall be formed of at least three surface
layers with a total thickness of 3 mm; the first layer shall be lime mortar and marble powder (0.5 m3 of lime
paste mortar per cubic metre of marble powder), the second layer with lime mortar and marble powder in
equal volumes and the final layer with a finish in lime mortar only.
The finished surface shall be perfectly smooth and uniform and such that, with respect to a 2 metre long
ruler, there are deviations no greater than 1mm.
The total thickness of the stucco-finished rough plaster shall not be less than 15 mm.
11.6. SURFACE FINISHING FOR AUTOCLAVED CEMENT ELEMENTS (GASBETON TYPE)

Basic treatment
Before spreading the finishing products on the surfaces of autoclaved concrete elements, the surfaces shall
be prepared by removing any surface irregularities, flaking and dust.
After preparation, finishing shall be performed using water-retention premixed plaster (Multicem type), with
a minimum thickness of 10 mm, suitable for walls in hollow concrete blocks. The surface finishing degree
shall be F2.
11.7. FINISHING TREATMENT
After the basic treatment, the smoothing and colouring finish shall be applied with seasoned lime putty and
inorganic natural pigments (Mineralcolor type), specific for hollow concrete block walls. The colour will be
chosen by EGP.
11.8. ACCESS PLATFORM, STAIRWAY AND LADDER REQUIREMENTS

Access platform and Stairway and ladders shall be of steel with floor in electrofused steel grating, and they
shall have a guard rail. All outdoor steelwork shall be galvanized.
11.9. LANDSCAPING, ARCHITECTURAL FINISHES AND COLOR SCHEME

The Contractor shall provide detailed drawings of landscaping, architectural finishes and color scheme for
EGP approval. EGP will provide an indicative color scheme for major structures during preliminary design.
11.10. PIPE RACK REQUIREMENTS

Pipe racks shall be designed such that they are not an obstacle for access to the different parts of the
plant.
11.11. VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

All the work environments shall be adequately air-conditioned and ventilated. The control and electrical
rooms shall be provided with fully redundant air conditioning systems, with H2S filtering.
12. STANDARDS AND CODES
The Contractor must meet all the local standards (NCh).

Also international standards must be met:
- UNI
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- EN
- UNI EN
- ISO
- EN ISO
- ASTM
- ACI
- etc.
in particular, when it is required by the technical specifications and when the local standards dont cover all
the cases.
In case of conflict between the international standards, the technical specifications and the local standards,
the Contractor must inform previously EGP that will decide which standard have to be used. The Contractor
must inform EGP also when he need to use standards not included in the Technical Specifications.
The design shall be in accordance with the latest editions of the standards, in effect at the date of
signature of the Contract or required by local permitting authority.

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CODICE CODE

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_03

ENGINEERING PAGINA - PAGE

CIVIL WORKS SPECIFICATION

N.B. Code S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023 replace the old code

File: S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023.03 CIVIL WORKS SPECIFICATION

Volpe Volpe Ulisse

Volpe Volpe Ulisse

VAR-STP Volpe Ulisse

PROGETTO / IMPIANTO CODICE CODE

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

1.0 TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS AND MOBILIZATION .................................................................... 4

2.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS ............................................................................................................. 6

3.0 EXCAVATIONS IN PLAIN MATERIAL AND ROCK ........................................................................... 7

4.0 FILLINGS AND EARTHWORKS ................................................................................................. 10

5.0 CONCRETE WORKS .............................................................................................................. 15

6.0 MASONRY WORKS ................................................................................................................ 63

7.0 CEMENT BRICK FLOORS ........................................................................................................ 64

8.0 BLOCK PAVING ..................................................................................................................... 64

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

9.0 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND METALLIC WORKS ......................................................................... 65

10.0 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND FOUNDATION DESIGN ........................................ 70

11.0 OTHER REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 71

12.0 STANDARDS AND CODES ......................................................................................... 72

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

1. TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS AND MOBILIZATION

1.1. SCOPE OF WORK

1.2. WORK INCLUDED

1.2.1. Temporary Services

1.2.2. Temporary Facilities

These Facilities include:

b. Construction of warehouse for the storage of materials.

1.2.3. Site Camp

1.2.4. Protective fence

Such fence should have a minimum of 2 meters over the level

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

1.2.5. Office for the Contractor

The electrical installations is by the contractor

1.2.6. Construction of the Warehouse

1.2.7. Temporary Drainage

Name of the Project

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

Any other indication given by the Project Director

1.2.9. Mobilization of Equipment, Tools, and Construction Materials

2.1. SCOPE OF WORK

2.2. TRACE AND LEVELING

Maximum tolerance of levels and dimensions: 0.5 cm.

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

2.4. TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND CLEANING

3. EXCAVATIONS IN PLAIN MATERIAL AND ROCK

3.1. SCOPE OF WORK

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

3.2.2. Methods of Excavation

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

3.2.3. Use of Explosives

3.2.4. Bearings of the Excavations

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

4. FILLINGS AND EARTHWORKS

Relative Density = Wn - Wmin x Wmax x 100%

In which: Wn = dry density in the site of soil of the earthwork aft er

Engineering & Construction S.25.CL.G.35367.00.023_0

Specified Compacting N of free passes Thickness of the layer

4.2.1. Material Without Classification

4.2.2. Granular Material