10/24/2017 Half Adder and Full Adder Circuit with Truth Tables

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Explain Half Adder and Full Adder with Tr

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by Tarun Agarwal | at ELECTRONICS

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An adder is a digital logic circuit in electronics that implements addition of numbers. In many computer
of processors, adders are used to calculate addresses, similar operations and table indices in the ALU
parts of the processors. These can be built for many numerical representations like excess-3 or binar
Adders are classified into two types: half adder and full adder. The half adder circuit has two inputs: A
two input digits and generate a carry and sum. The full adder circuit has three inputs: A and C, which a
numbers and generate a carry and sum. This article gives brief information about half adder and ful
forms and circuit diagrams.

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Circuit Diagram Design

Full Adder

Half Adder and Full Adder

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10/24/2017 Half Adder and Full Adder Circuit with Truth Tables

Half Adder and Full Adder Circuit

An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. The half adder adds two binary digits
and addend and produces two outputs as sum and carry; XOR is applied to both inputs to produce su
is applied to both inputs to produce carry. The full adder adds 3 one bit numbers, where two can
operands and one can be referred to as bit carried in. And produces 2-bit output, and these can be refe
carry and sum.

Half Adder
By using half adder, you can design simple addition with the help of logic gates.

Lets see an addition of single bits.

Half Adder

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1
1+0 = 1
1+1 = 10

These are the least possible single-bit combinations. But the result for 1+1 is 10, the sum result must
2-bit output. Thus, the equations can be written as
0+0 = 00
0+1 = 01
1+0 = 01
1+1 = 10

The output 1of 10 is carry-out. SUM is the normal output and CARRY is the carry-out.

Half Adder Truth Table

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Half Adder Truth Table

Now it has been cleared that 1-bit adder can be easily implemented with the help of the XOR Gate for
and an AND Gate for the Carry. When we need to add, two 8-bit bytes together, we can be done with
adder logic. The half-adder is useful when you want to add one binary digit quantities. A way to dev
digit adders would be to make a truth table and reduce it. When you want to make a three binary
again. When you decide to make a four digit adder, do it again. The circuits would be fast, but developm

Half Adder Logic Circuit

The simplest expression uses the exclusive OR function: Sum=AB. An equivalent expression in te
AND, OR, and NOT is: SUM=A|.B+A.B

VHDL Code For half Adder

entity ha is
Port (a: in STD_LOGIC;
b : in STD_LOGIC;
sha : out STD_LOGIC;
cha : out STD_LOGIC);
end ha;

architecture Behavioral of ha is

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begin
sha <= a xor b ;
cha <= a and b ;
end Behavioral

Full Adder
This adder is difficult to implement than a half-adder. The difference between a half-adder and a full
full-adder has three inputs and two outputs, whereas half adder has only two inputs and two outputs. T
are A and B and the third input is an input carry as C-IN. When a full-adder logic is designed, you str
together to create a byte-wide adder and cascade the carry bit from one adder to the next.

Full Adder

The output carry is designated as C-OUT and the normal output is designated as S.

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Full Adder Truth Table:

Full Adder Truth Table

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With the truth-table, the full adder logic can be implemented. You can see that the output S is an XOR b
A and the half-adder, SUM output with B and C-IN inputs. We take C-OUT will only be true if any of the
the three are HIGH.

So, we can implement a full adder circuit with the help of two half adder circuits. At first, half adder will
and B to produce a partial Sum and a second half adder logic can be used to add C-IN to the Sum pro
half adder to get the final S output.

Full Adder Logic Circuit

If any of the half adder logic produces a carry, there will be an output carry. So, COUT will be an OR fu
adder Carry outputs. Take a look at the implementation of the full adder circuit shown below.

The implementation of larger logic diagrams is possible with the above full adder logic a simpler symb
to represent the operation. Given below is a simpler schematic representation of a one-bit full adder.

Full Adder Design Using Half Adders

With this type of symbol, we can add two bits together, taking a carry from the next lower order o
sending a carry to the next higher order of magnitude. In a computer, for a multi-bit operation, e
represented by a full adder and must be added simultaneously. Thus, to add two 8-bit numbers, yo
adders which can be formed by cascading two of the 4-bit blocks.

Combinational circuit combines the different gates in the circuit for example encoder, decoder,
demultiplexer. Characteristics of combinational circuits are as follows.

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The output at any instant of time, depends only on the levels present at input terminals.
It does not use any memory. The previous state of input does not have any effect on the present sta
It can have a number of inputs and m number of outputs.

The relationship between the Full-Adder and the Half-Adder is half adder produces results and ful
adder to produce some other result. Similarly, while the Full-Adder is of two Half-Adders, the Full-Ad
block that we use to create the arithmetic circuits.

VHDL Coding for Full Adder

entity full_add is
Port ( a : in STD_LOGIC;
b : in STD_LOGIC;
cin : in STD_LOGIC;
sum : out STD_LOGIC;
cout : out STD_LOGIC);
end full_add;

architecture Behavioral of full_add is

component ha is
Port ( a : in STD_LOGIC;
b : in STD_LOGIC;
sha : out STD_LOGIC;
cha : out STD_LOGIC);
end component;
signal s_s,c1,c2: STD_LOGIC ;
begin
HA1:ha port map(a,b,s_s,c1);
HA2:ha port map (s_s,cin,sum,c2);
cout<=c1 or c2 ;
end Behavioral;

Therefore, this is all about the half adder and full adder with truth tables and logic diagrams, Design of
Half Adder circuit is also shown. Furthermore, any queries regarding this article or electronics p
comment us in the comment section below.

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16 Comments

Lakhan Lal Says:

at
Thanks sir

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi lakhan lal
Thank you so much for your feedback
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Lakhan Lal Says:

at
Thank you sir

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi lakhan lal
Thank you so much for your feedback
And once again please visit our domestic website http://www.edgefxkits.com/
For more details please contact to Mr. Sathish on +91 8885507011 or you can email us on
info@edgefxkits.in

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10/24/2017 Half Adder and Full Adder Circuit with Truth Tables

Anam Says:
at
It is amazing SIR..
really understandable
thank u sir

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Anam
Thanks for your appreciation
And once again please visit our website http://www.edgefxkits.com/
For furthermore details please contact to Mr. Sathish on +91 8885507011 or you can email u
info@edgefxkits.in

Raj Says:
at
thank you sir

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Raj
You are most welcome
And once again please visit our website http://www.edgefxkits.com/
For furthermore details please contact to Mr. Sathish on +91 8885507011 or you can email u
info@edgefxkits.in

Jinendra Jain Says:

at
how we make a half adder and full adder with the help of nand or nor gates
sir please reply ..

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi jinendra jain
Please visit our website once http://www.edgefxkits.com/
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10/24/2017 Half Adder and Full Adder Circuit with Truth Tables

Mohit Says:
at
thankyou
sir

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Mohit
you are well come
And once again please visit our website http://www.edgefxkits.com/
For furthermore details please contact to sathish on +91 8885507011 or you can email us on
info@edgefxkits.in

Janvi Says:
at
Good job sir thank you so mutch

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Janvi
Thank you so much
And once again please visit our website http://www.edgefxkits.com/
For more details please contact our customer support on +91 9959178000

Miller Gloria Says:

at
Miller

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Miller,
May i know what exactly you are looking for?
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