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ECUADOR
FACULTAD DE INGENIERA, CIENCIAS FSICAS Y MATEMTICAS
CARRERA DE INGENIERA CIVIL
CLCULO INTEGRAL
AUTOR:
Con el paso de los aos se fue perfeccionando y afinando el material hasta lograr el
presente libro que el lector tiene en sus manos.
El propsito principal del texto es servirle de ayuda a los estudiantes para que
adquieran un buen conocimiento y dominio ms completo de los temas de este campo
imprescindible en su formacin como Ingeniero.
Es muy importante que resuelva todos los ejercicios propuestos, pues de ello
depender que el lector comprenda y domine la asignatura.
INTRODUCCIN ................................................................................................................. 1
EXPRESIN DIFERENCIAL............................................................................................................... 2
1. EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS. ..........................................................................................................................2
2. EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS. ........................................................................................................................3
FRMULAS BSICAS DE LA INTEGRACIN ...................................................................................... 4
3.1 INTEGRALES QUE CONTIENEN POTENCIAS PARES DE LAS FUNCIONES SENO Y COSENO. ............................... 17
3.1.1 EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS. .................................................................................................................. 17
3.1.2 EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS................................................................................................................. 18
3.2 INTEGRALES QUE CONTIENEN POTENCIAS IMPARES DE LAS FUNCIONES SENO Y COSENO. ........................... 19
3.2.1 EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS. .................................................................................................................. 19
3.2.2 EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 INTEGRALES QUE CONTIENEN PRODUCTOS DE LAS FUNCIONES SENO Y COSENO. ...................................... 20
3.3.1 EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS. .................................................................................................................. 21
3.3.2 EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS................................................................................................................. 22
3.4 INTEGRALES QUE CONTIENEN POTENCIAS PARES E IMPARES DE LAS FUNCIONES TANGENTES Y COTANGENTE. .. 23
3.4.1 EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS. .................................................................................................................. 23
3.4.2 EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS................................................................................................................. 24
3.5 INTEGRALES QUE CONTIENEN POTENCIAS PARES DE LAS FUNCIONES SECANTE COSECANTE. ........................ 25
3.5.1 EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS. .................................................................................................................. 25
3.5.2 EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS................................................................................................................. 25
3.6 INTEGRALES QUE CONTIENEN PRODUCTOS DE LAS FUNCIONES TANGENTES POR SECANTES O COTANGENTES POR
COSECANTES. ................................................................................................................................. 26
3.6.1 EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS. .................................................................................................................. 26
3.6.2 EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS................................................................................................................. 27
BIBLIOGRAFA. ................................................................................................................ 98
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
INTRODUCCIN
Funcin primitiva
Integracin La derivada
+
= = l
Expresin diferencial
1|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
EXPRESIN DIFERENCIAL.
= ta
= ta
= x
=
1. Ejercicios Resueltos.
1. y 3x 2 4 x 5 = + = +
x m
2. y = =( )
m x
3e 3t ds
ds 3 3
3. s ln 3t 2 e 3t 3e 3t dt
dt 3t 2 3t 2
2|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
6. 2 x 3 4 x 2 y y 2 0 6 x 2 4 x 2 y '8 xy 2 yy ' 0
6 x 2 8 xy 4 x 2 2 y y'
6 x 2 8 xy 6 x 2 8 xy
y' dy dx
4x 2 2 y 4x 2 2 y
e y
senx y y ' senx y
sen x y sen x y
y' dy y dx
e senx y
y
e sen x y
1 1
8. y x x ln y x ln x y ' x ln x
y x
y' 1 ln x y y' 1 ln x x x dy 1 ln x x x dx
2. Ejercicios Propuestos.
1. = + Solucin: =
2. = Solucin: = +
3. = l Solucin: = l +
4. = t Solucin: =
5. = Solucin: =
6. = Solucin: =
7. = Solucin: =
( + )
8. = Solucin: = +
9. + = Solucin: =
10. = Solucin: = + l
3|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1. u = u + C
2. u = u = u + C ; "" ua tat
3. [ u u ] u = u u u u
n+
4. u u = +C ;
+
5. u = l|u| + C
6. a u = + C ; donde a 0 a 1
7. u = + C
8. u u = u + C
9. u u = u + C
10. u u = ta u + C
11. u u = t u + C
12. u ta u u = u + C
13. u t u u = u + C
14. ta u u = l| u| + C = l| u| + C
15. t u u = l| u| + C = l| u| + C
16. u u = l | u + ta u| + C
17. u u = l | u t u| + C
4|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
18.
= + C; donde a 0
1
19. = ta + C ; donde a 0
+ a
1
20.
= + C ; donde a 0
a
1
21. = l | |+C
2a +
1 +
22. = l | |+C
2a
23.
= l|u + u + a | + C
+
24.
= l|u + u a | + C
25. a u u = a u + +C
26. u + a u = u + a + l|u + u + a | + C
27. u a u = u a + l|u + u a | + C
5|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Para aplicar este mtodo de integracin debemos lograr que la integral propuesta se
convierta en una integral directa, la misma que se resuelva aplicando las frmulas
fundamentales expuestas anteriormente.
1. x + x + x + x = x x + x x + xx + x
=x +x +x + x+C
2. x + + x= x + xx + x x
= x + x + x + C
= + + +
3. + = x + a xx + x x
= a x + ax + +C
4. + =a+x = x
= +C =
+
+C
6|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
5. x x = x = x = x
= +C= +C
6. x x = x = x = x
= +C=
+C
7. + = + = =
= +C =
( + )
+C
8. =t + = tt = tt
+
= +C =
( + )
+C
9. x x x = x = x x
u u = +C = +C
10. ta x x x = ta x = x x
u u = +C = +C
11.
+
+
x =x + x = x+ x
u = l|u| + C = l|x + x | + C
x
12. x+
= + = x
u = l|u| + C = l| + | + C
13.
= l x =
= + C = +C
7|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
14. = l x =
= l u =
t t = +C = +C = +C
+
15. x = x + x
+ + +
= l|x + | + ta x + C
1. xx x = x x +C
2. x x x = + +C
( )
3. x x x x = +C
4.
x =
( )
5. x x x = +C
+
6. x = +C
7. +
=
+
+
8. x = + + +C
+ +
x
9. x+ x+ = x+
an x
10. x x = +C
8|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
11. a ta x x x = +C
x
|
12. x x = C |
13. x = + C
14. x + x x = x +C
15. x x x = +C
16. x x x = C
17. t x x x = C
18. +
x = + +C
9|Pgina
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
udv uv vdu
Para aplicar este mtodo de integracin se debe tomar en cuenta las siguientes
recomendaciones:
10 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
x x x x x
l x ta x x x x
l x x ta x x
x x x x
= x = x
x x x = x x x x
= x x + x + C
2. x x =x = x
= x x =
11 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
x x = x x x =x = x
= x =
x x = x x + x
= + + = + +
3. x x x =x = x x
= x x = x
x x x = x x + x x x =x = x x
= x x = x
x x x = x x + x x x x x =x = x x
= x =
x x x = x x + x x + x x x x
= + + +
f
n
gdx f n1 g f n2 g ' f n3 g ' '...... 1 fg
n
n
dx
12 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
* x x
u dv Signo
x2 ex -
2x ex +
2 ex -
0 ex +
x x = + + = + +
u dv Signo
* x x x
x3 Sen x -
3x 2 -Cos x +
6x -Sen x -
6 Cos x +
0 Sen x -
* x x x = + + +
4. x x = x = x
= x x =
x x = x x x = x = x
= x x =
x x = x + x x x
13 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
2 x x = x + x + C
x x = x x + C
5. x x = x = x
= x x =
x x = x + x x = x = x
= x x =
x x = x + x x x
a a a a
x x = x + x x x
a a a
+ x x = x + x + C
a a
a x + x
x x = ( ) +C
a +
6. x l x x = l x = x x
n+
= = +
n+
x l x x = +
l x
+
x x
n+ n+ n+
x l x x = +
l x
+ +
+C = +
l x
+
+C
7. x a x =x = a x
x
= x =
x
x a x = a x
14 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
x x x
x a x = +C = x +C
8. x x x =x = x x
= x = ta x
x x x = x ta x ta x x
x x x = x ta x l| x| + C = x ta x + l| x| + C
9. ta x x = ta x = x
= = x
+
x a x = x ta x +
x a x = x ta x l| + x | + C = x ta x l + x + C
10. x x = x x x = x = x x
= x ta x x = ta x
x x = ta = ta
x x = ta +
x x = ta +
2 x x = ta + | + ta | +
x x = ta + | + ta | +
15 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1 1
ln sec x tan x C
3
sec xdx sec x tan x
2 2
* Se recomienda al
lector memorizarla expresin, puesto que con frecuencia aparece en la resolucin de
problemas de aplicacin del clculo integral.
1. l x x = x l x x + C
2. x + x x = +x +x +C
3. x x = x + +C
4. l x x = l x l x +C
5. x x x = x x x x + C
6. x x = +C
+
+
7. = +C
+
8. l|x + | x = x l|x + | x + ta +C
16 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
CAPITULO 3: INTEGRACIN
TRIGONOMTRICA.
1. x + x = 2. ta x + = x
3. t x + = x 4. x x = x
+
5. x = 6. x =
7. x = x
8. x = [ x + x + ]
9. x = [ x x + ]
10. x = [ x + x + ]
3.1 Integrales que contienen potencias pares de las funciones seno y coseno.
Para resolver este tipo de integrales se debe sustituir con las identidades
trigonomtricas del x y x por su valor equivalente del ngulo doble.
(Identidades N 5 y N 6)
= + +
17 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
2. x x = x x = x x
= x x x + x x
= + + x x
= + x + x x
= + + +
= + +
3. x x = x x = + x x
= x + x x + x x
= + + + x x
= + + x + x x
= + + + +
= + + +
1. x x = +
2. x x = + +
3. x = + + +
18 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= + +
2. x x = x x x = x x x
= x +
= + +
+
3. x x = x x ; x =
= +
19 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= + + +
= + + + +
= + + + +
= + + + + +
= + + +
1. x = + +
2. x x = +
3. x x = + +
4. x x = + +
5. x x = + + +
1. x x x = x x = x x x
= + +
2. x x x = x x x x = x x x x
= + +
3. x x x = x x x x = x x x x
= +
= + +
4. x x x ; aplicando la frmula N 8
= [ + + ]
= + ; =
= +
21 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= +
5. x x x ; aplicando la frmula N 9
= [ + ]
= +
6. x x x ; aplicando la frmula N 10
= [ + + ]
= +
= + +
1. x x x = +
2. x x x = +
3. x x x = +
4. x x x = +
5. x x x = +
6. x x x = + +
22 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
tan n
ax sec 2
axdx 1
tan n1 ax C
an 1
1. ta x x = ta x ta x x = ta x x x
= ta + l| | +
2. t x x = t x t x x = t x x x
= t x x x x x
= t x x x +
= t + + +
23 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
3. ta x x = ta x ta x x = ta x x x
= ta x x x ta x x
= ta x x x ta x x x
= ta x x x ta x x x + ta x x
= ta + l| |+
4. t x x = t x t x x = t x x x
= t x x x t x x
= t x x x t x x x
= t x x x t x x x + t x x
= t x x x t x x x + x x x
= t + +
1. ta x x = ta +
2. t x x = +
3. ta x x = | |+
4. ta x x = ta + +
5. t x x = + + | |+
24 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1. x x = x x x = ta x + x x
= +
= ta + ta +
2. x x = x x x = t x+ x x
= t x x + t x xx + x x
= t +
1. x = ta + ta +
2. x x = +
25 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1. ta x x x = ta x x ta x x = x x ta x x
= x x ta x x x ta x x
= +
2. t x x x = t x x x t x x = x x x t x x
= x x t x x x x t x x
= + +
3. ta x x x = ta x ta x+ x x
= ta x x x + ta x x x
= + +
26 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
4. t x x x = t x t x + x x
= t x x x + t x x x
= +
5. tax x x = x ta x x
= x x ta x x
= + = +
1. ta x x x = ta + ta +
2. ta x x x = + +
3. t x x x = +
4. t x x x = +
5. ta x x x = ta + ta +
6. x = +
27 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
sustituir: = =
sustituir: = =
En cada uno de los casos, este mtodo de integracin conduce a una nueva integral
en trminos de la variable auxiliar "". Para obtenerla solucin que corresponde a la
variable original x, se establece la relacin entre x mediante las relaciones
trigonomtricas de un tringulo rectngulo.
1. : = = =
= = =
2
X
= = ta + C =
+
28 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
=
2. x : = =
( )
=
= 5
= 5
5
X
= 5 = 5 l| | +
+ C
= l | |+ x +C
3. :
= = =
= = =
3
X
= = t + C = +C
4. x + x : = = =
= ta + =
+ X
* = ta + l| + ta | + C
* = ta + l| + ta | + C
2
+ + + +
x + x = + l | |+ C = + l|x + x + | + C
5.
+
: = = =
=
= =
+
+ 2X
= = l| t | + C
3 + x + x
= l | |+ C= l | |+ C
x x x
29 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
6. x x : = = = ta
= ta = ta
X
2 =
=
* = ta + l| + ta | + C
= ta + l| + ta | l| + ta | + C
= ta l| + ta | + C
+
x x = + l | |+ C = + l|x + x | + C
7. : = = = ta
=
=
X
4
* = ta + l| + ta | + C
= + l|x + x |+ C
x
8. x
: = = =
= =
=
2
= = + C = +C
9.
+
= = ta =
+ =
+ +
2 Sec X
= = +C = +C
3
30 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
10.
: = = = ta
W
= =
7
= = + C = +C
+
1. = l | |+
2. = + +
+ +
+ +
3. x = + + l | |+
4. = +
5. =
+
+
+
6. = +
7.
= l + l +
31 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
CAPITULO 5: INTEGRACIN
MEDIANTE LA COMPLETACIN
DE TRINOMIOS CUADRADOS
PERFECTOS.
5.1 INTEGRACIN MEDIANTE LA COMPLETACIN DE TRINOMIOS
CUADRADOS PERFECTOS.
+
Para resolver integrales de la forma xdebemosreducir al trinomio de
+ +
1. : + + = + + + = + +
+ +
= : + = + = =
+ +
+ + =
=
=
+
+
X+1
+
2 = +C = ta + C x : +
+
= + + = +
32 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= +
x: = = =
+ +
X-2 = = ta +
+
= l| | + + C
1
= l |x x + | + ta x + C
2. : = + + + = +
= : + = + = =
+
3
X+2 =
=
= + C = x x
+
+ C
3. = + + + = +
= : + = + = =
+
8
X+6 = =
=
+
= + C = + C
4. = + =
=
: = =
=
= u + C = x + C
33 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
5.
+ = + + = +
+ +
=
+ +
: + = =
+
=
= + C = + C
6.
: = l =
= : = + + + = +
= : + = + = =
+
( )
U+2 = =
= + C
+
= u u +C
l x +
= l x l x ( )+C
x
7. x + x + : = =
= + + : + + = + + = +
= [ : + = + = =
+ ]
U+4
= [ ]
= =
= = = t
+ +
34 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
u +
= + C = + C
u + u +
+
= +C
+ +
+
1. = l | |+ ta + C
+
2. = l|x x + + x |+ C
+
3. x x x = l|x + x x | + C
4. =
+ C
5.
+
= l | |+ C
+
6. = x + C
7.
= t + + C
+ +
8.
+
= ta + C
x
9. x
= l| + + + |+ C
+ x+
10. = ta + C
+
35 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
x x
x q x
Donde:
q(x): Cociente divisin.
r(x): Residuo divisin.
36 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+
donde A es una constante a determinar.
= + + +
+ + + +
+
+ +
donde A y B son constantes a determinar.
+ + +
+ +
= + + + +
+ + + + +
37 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1.
+ +
= + +
: + +
= +
+ +
= A x+ +B x+ : Si = = =
Si = = =
x x x
= = l|x + | l|x + | + C
x + x + x + x +
+
= l | |+C
+
2.
= +
: +
= +
+
= A x +B x+ : Si = = =
Si = = =
x x x
= = l|x | l|x + | + C
x x x +
= l | |+C
+
3. x = x: = + +
+ + + +
= A x+ x + Bx x + Cx x +
Si = = =
Si = = =
Si = = =
x x x x x
x = +
x +x x x x + x
38 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
4.
Si = + =
+
= + = + = +
x x
x x x x
= +
x x x
= l|x | +C
5. x Si = =
+ +
= = + +
= + + = + + x
x x x
x x x x
x = x x x +
x x x x
= x l| x| + + + C
+
6.
= + +
: + +
= +
+ +
= A x + x + + Bx + C x
Si = = =
Si = = = =
Si = = + + = =
+ +
= x = l|x | x
+ + + +
x +
x + + = + + + = + +
x + x +
39 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+ =
+
= + +
x: + =
+ + ( )+
+ = +
= ta +
1352
= l| | + + C
x+
= l |x + x + | + ta ( )+ C
x
+
= | | | + + | ( )+
x
+
= | | +
+ +
+ + + + + + + +
7. + +
x: + +
= +
+ +
x + x + x + = Ax + B x + + Cx + D x +
x + x + x + = Ax + Ax + Bx + B + Cx + Cx + Dx + D
+ + +
x = + = + l|x + | +
+ + + +
+ +
8. : = +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
= Ax + B x + x + + Cx + D x + x +
40 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1 = Ax + Ax + + Ax + Bx + Bx + B + Cx + Cx + Cx +
Dx + Dx + D
x x x
=
x + x + x + x + x + x + x + x +
x
+ + = + + + = + +
x + x +
+ +
: + = =
= ta u + C = ta x + + C
+
+ +
+ + = + + + = + +
: + = + = =
+ +
+ + =
=
X+1 +
= +
+
2 ta + C
x x+
= ta x + ta ( )+ C
x + x + x + x +
+ + + + + +
9. x: = +
+ + + +
x + x + = Ax + B x + + Cx + D
x + x + = Ax + Ax + Bx + B + Cx + D
x + x + = Ax + Bx + A+C x+ B+D
41 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
x + x + x + x x
x = x
x + x + x +
= +
+ + +
= l|x + | + + +C
+
+ +
10.
+
x Dividiendo los trminos de la fraccin:
x x + x x + x x + x
x + x x x
x +
x x + x x + x
x = (x + ) x
x x + x x x + x
x A Bx + C
= +
x x + x x x x +
x = A x x + + Bx + C x
x = Ax Ax + A + Bx + Cx
x = A+B x + C A x + A
x x + x x + x x
x = x x +
x x + x x x x +
= + | | |x x + | +
= x + l | | + C
+
42 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+
1.
+
x = l | |+ C
2. x = l | |+ C
+
+ +
3. +
= l | |+ C
+
4. x = l|x | + C
5.
= + C
+ +
6. x = l | | + C
+ +
+
7. == l | |+ ta + C
+ +
+
8. +
x = x + +C
+
+ +
9.
+
x = x x + l|x + x | + C
+ +
10. x = x + l|x | l|x + |+C
+ +
43 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
CAPITULO 7: INTEGRACIN DE
FUNCIONES RACIONALES EN Sen
X y Cos X.
mediante la sustitucin: = ta = ta =
+
Reemplazando las funciones trigonomtricas del ngulo mitad: =
=
+
+
Despejando el valor del cos x en trminos de z se obtiene: = +
2Z
X = ta =
+
44 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1.
+
: = ta =
+
+ +z
2Z = z = = +
+ + + +
+z
X
+ = + =
+ +
+ =
= = +
+
+
+
2. + : = ta = +
+ +z
2Z = z
= =
+ + +
+z
X
= =
+ = +
= = +
45 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
3.
: = ta = +
( z )
+ z
+z +z ( +z ) ( )
2Z = z
= + z +z
=
+ +
X +z +z
+ +
= +
+ + + +
= A + B + + C + D +
= A + A + B + B + C + C + D + D
= A+C + B+D + A+C + B+D
A+C= B+D= = ; = ; = =
+ +
= ( ) = =
+ + + +
= = ( ta ) +
+ +
= ( ta ) ta +
= ( ta ) x +
4.
+ +
: = ta =
+
+ +z +z
2Z = z z
= +z + z+ z
=
+ + +
+z +z +z
X
= = l| + | + C=l| + ta x | + C
+
46 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+ +
5.
= =
x + x x x
= = t x x + x
x x
= l| | + x x x x
= l| | + l| | + +
=l| | + +
=l| | + +
6.
+
: = =
+
: = +
+ + +
= + + +
= + + +
= +B + +A
= = l| + u | l|u| + C
+ +
+
= l | |+C
x x + x
= l | |+C
x + x x
47 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+
1.
+
= l |
|+ C
+
2.
+
= x ta + l| | + | + ta | + C
3. = x
+ C
+ +
4. = ta ta x + C
+
5.
+
= ta + C
+
6. = l | | + C Sugerencia sustituir cos x = u
+
+
7. u = t u u + C
+
8. = l | |+ C
+ +
9.
+
= l |
|+ C
+
10. = + [l| ta x + | + l| ta x | l| x |] + C
+
48 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
CAPITULO 8: INTEGRACIN DE
EXPRESIONES IRRACIONALES
MEDIANTE DIVERSOS CAMBIOS
DE VARIABLES.
1.
= + +
x+ =u x = u u
+
= = = +C = +C
+
2.
+
x=u x = u u
= = u = u u
+ + +
= u l| + u| + C = x l| + x | + C
3.
+
x=u x = u u
= = u = u u
+ + +
= u ta u + C = x ta x + C
49 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
4. x=u x = u u
= = = l|u | + C
= l| x | + C
5. x+ =u x = u u
+ + +
= +
= = u u
+ +
= uu u + u = u u + l| + u| + C
+
= x + x + + l| + x + | + C
6. x x x = x x x x = x =u x x = u u
= u u u u = u u u
= u u + u u = u u + C= u u + C
x x x = x + x + C
7. x x = x = t x = t t
= t t t =t = t t
= t = t
t t t = t t t t = t t + t + C
x x = x x + x + C
8. x = x = t x = t t
= t t =t = t
= t =
t t = t t = t + + C= t+ + C
x = ( x + ) + C
50 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+ + + + + +
9. = = x
+ + + + + + +
=
x + a x +
x + x
= x + a + x + +C
=
[ x + a + x + ]+ C
+
1. = l | |+ C
+ + +
2. = x + l| + x + | + C
+ +
+ +
3. x = x + [ x + l| + x + |] + C
+ +
4. = x + x + + l| + x + | + C
+ + +
5. x x = x x + x + C
6.
+
= [ x + x ] +C
51 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
CAPITULO 9: PROBLEMAS
MISCELNEOS DE
INTEGRACIN.
+
1. x; = + l x u =
= u u = u + C = + l x + C
2.
x; = a x u =
= u u = u + C = a x + C
x; t = l x t =
| |
3.
= l t t = l t ; = t
t
= ; =t
t
= l t t = t l t t = t l t t + C = t l t + C
= l x l |l x| + C
52 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+ x x + x x
4. x
x = x
x = x
x x
+ + + + x
= x x = x l| + |+ C
+
5. x = x x = x + x
= x + x + C
+
6. x = x = + =
x x
= + = x x + x x =
x x
= ta x t x + C
x x
7. x +
x = x = l u x =
u u u u u
= = u = ( ) u
u + u u + u +
u
= u u = u ta u + C
u +
= ta +C
8. x x
= x x
: x x
= x
+ x
= A +B
= A A + B
= A+B A
A+B = Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones:
A= = ; =
x x x x
= = x
x
x x
= u x = u: = +
+ +
= A u+ + Bu
Si = = =
53 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Si = = =
+
= = l|u| l|u + | + C
+
= l| | l| | + C
x
= l| | l| | + + C
= + l | |+C
9. ta x = ta = x
x
= =
+
ta x = ta + x +
= x =
x
: = x =
+
= = = t
+ +
x
= l| | +C = l | x
|+C
+
1 = l| | l | + | + C = x l | + |+ C
ta x = ta + x l | + |+ C
(
u = ta u =
+ )
10. +
+ u u + u u + u A
= =
u + u+ u u + u + u u + u +
Bu + C
+
u u +
+u = A u u + + Bu + C u +
Si = = =
Si = = + = =
+
Si = = + = =
( + )
+
= +
+ +
=l|u + | + +
54 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
+
: u = ta u = ta u =
= = = + C
u u + +
u
= ta + C
+ u u u
= l|u + | + ta ( )+ C
u +
+ ta ta
= l|ta + | + ta ( ) + C
+ ta
+
1. x = l| x | + C
2. = l|l|x|| + C
x
3. = l| | + C
x
4. x = ta ( ) + C
5. x = x + C
55 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
56 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= = x = xx
x
= = x +C
, = +C C
=
=x
x
= =
x x x
x
= l = l x + l C
x
l = l|Cx | = Cx
, = C C= = x
3. Hallar la ecuacin de una curva sabiendo que pasa por el punto , en el que
su pendiente es igual a 10 y que en cualquier punto de la misma se verifica que
57 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= = x
x x
= x+C = +C C =
x
= x+ = x+ x
x
= x + x+C ,
= + +C
C =
= x + x
= v = = + =
v= +
v= = + = ( + ) = + +
t
= = = + + =
= +
= = ; = = = = .
58 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
5. Se lanza verticalmente hacia arriba una partcula desde un punto situado a una
altura de sobre el suelo con una velocidad inicial =
. Halla: La velocidad de la partcula cuando est a una altura
de . El tiempo que toma en alcanzar la altura mxima y su valor. La
velocidad de la partcula al llegar al suelo. Adptese = .
= = = = = +
t= v = = +C C =
v= +
v= = + = + = + +
t
= = = + + =
= + +
a) = + + + = + =
= = =
= v = + v = .
= v = + v = .
b) v = + + = =
= = + + =
= v = + v = .
c) = + + = =
+
= = , = ,
= . v = , + v
= , .
59 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= =
C al{ = =
= : Fu l ttal.
P= : Fu la aa.
= q
= +
= +
60 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
8. En la manufactura de un producto, los costos fijos por semana son de 4000 USD.
= [ . . + . ]q
= . . + . q
.
= . + . +
S q = =
= + + +
.
= . + . +
S q = = ,
61 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
3. Hallar la ecuacin de una curva sabiendo que pasa por el punto , en el cual
su pendiente = y que en cualquiera de sus puntos verifica que =
Solucin: = x x + x
62 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
11. La funcin del costo marginal para un producto viene dada por: = ;
+
:
Donde { Se conoce que al producir 100 unidades el costo
:
promedio es de 50 USD por unidad. Determinar el costo para producir 1000
unidades = ; : costo promedio.
| + |
Solucin: = + , = ,
63 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
entonces = :
Demostracin:
F x = x x es la funcin
rea bajo la curva.
F x = x por el teorema
fundamental del clculo.
G x = x por la hiptesis
inicial.
Por lo tanto: F x = G x +
Obtenemos: x x = G G a
64 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
1. x x =
2. x x = x x
4. { x x } x = x x x x
1. = |x| = =
2. x xx = x u = xx = xx
Si x = u= ; Si x = u=
u
= uu = | | = =
3. = + x u = x
+
Si x = u= ; Si x = u=
= u u = |u| = =
4. a x x : = = =
= Si x = = ; Si x = =
65 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
a
=a = a = +
a a
= | | = = a
5.
: : = +
+ + +
= A x +B x+ : Si = = =
Si = = =
x x x x
= l | |+C
x x x + x +
x x
= l | | = (l l ) = l ,
x x +
6. l x x = l x = x
x
= = x
x
l x x = [x l x] x = [x l x x]
= [ l ] [ l ] =
=
7. x : = =
= Si x = = ; Si x = =
= = =
= = [ | t |] + [ ]
= [l| t | l| t |] + [ ]
= [l| | l| |] + [ ] = l| |
66 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
8.
+ =
+ +
=
: = =
=
= u + C = x + C
x
= [ x ]
x x x +
= [ ( ) ]
= ( ) =
+ + +
9. = +
+ + + + + + + +
x + x + = + + + = + +
x + x x
= l|x + x + | +
x + x + + +
+ +
: + = + = =
= = = ta + C
+ + +
X +1
+
= ta + C
+ +
2 = = l|x + x + | + ta + C
+ +
x + x x+
= = [l|x + x + | + ta ( )]
x + x +
l| | + ta
= l| | ta = 1,27438
10.
+
+
= ta =
+
+ +z +z
2Z = z z
= +z z+ z
=
+
+z +z +z
X
= = l| | + C =l| ta x | + C
67 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
x x
= [l | ta |] = l | ta |
x + x
= ,
+
1. x = + l
+
2. [ + ]
=
3. =
+
4. =
5.
= l| |
+ +
6. x x = +
7. =
+
8. = l
+
68 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= Demostracin:
curva.
= l x A = .
i=
69 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
A = [ ]x Elemento diferencial de
rea
A = [ ] readel elemento
representativo.
= l i= [ ] : rea de la regin.
l i= [ ] = : Por el
= l i= [ ] A= [ ] rea de la regin.
= = = = ,
= = = =
= x x = [ x x ]
= [ ]=
70 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
,
= = = = ,
= = = = =
= xx x = [ x x ]
=[ ]=
2 = [ ] = [ ]
= [ ] =
= = = =
=
Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
, S x = =
= A = [ xx x ] x
A=[ x x ] =( )= u
71 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
, =x + x+ = ; = ,
= + x+ = x x+ = ; = ,
, Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
S x = =
= = [ x + x + x x+
,
= x+ ] x
, A = x + x x = [ x + x ]
A= + = u
Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
= ,
S x = =
= A = [ + ]
=
, =[ + ] =[ +
+ ]
A=( + )= u
72 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= , ( )
= =
, ,
= A =
= = =
,
= Si x = = ; Si x = =
= = a =
= a + = a | | = a = a u
, S x = =
= A = 2 [ x x + x x ] x
,
A= [ x x +x ] = ( + )= u
73 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
, S x = =
=
,
= A = [ + ] x
A = [ x + x l|x|] = ( + l + )= ( l ) u
10. Se desea dividir en dos secciones iguales a la regin limitada por la parbola
= x y la recta = ; mediante una recta paralela al eje X que pase por la
ordenada = a. Hallar el valor de a
= = x x
=
A = [x x ] = u
= Rlv l ta ua: S x = a = a
(a , a) (a , a) = =
S x = a = a
=
, = ax x= [ax x ] = a u
Por condicin queremos: = = = u a = a= , u
74 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
75 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= =
13.2 Mtodo del disco (Eje de rotacin forma parte del rea plana).
Se representa a la seccin del rea plana generatriz del slido y se dibuja una
faja diferencial representativa que sea perpendicular al eje de rotacin.
76 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Hallar el valor del volumen del slido de revolucin que se genera al rotar la regin
plana sobre el correspondiente eje indicado:
, = ( ) x = [ x ]
=
= [ ]=
=4
77 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= x = [ x ]
=
= [ ]=
=5
= ( ) =
,
, = [ x ] = [ ]
, = [ ] =
= = = =
= x = + x
= [ x x + x ] = [ + ]
13.3 Mtodo de la arandela (Eje de rotacin no forma parte del rea plana).
78 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Se representa a la seccin del rea plana generatriz del slido y se dibuja una
faja diferencial representativa que sea perpendicular al eje de rotacin.
]
= [
Hallar el valor del volumen del slido de revolucin que se genera al rotar la regin
plana sobre el correspondiente eje indicado:
, S x = =
= = [ xx x ] x
79 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= [x x + x ] x = [ x x + x ]
V = ( + )= u
Rlv l ta ua S x = =
=
, S x = =
=
= = [(x) x ] x
= [ x x ] x = [ x x ]
V = ( ) = u
= x = ; = ,
,
= x = ; = ,
=
Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
( , )
= S x = =
= = [ x x ] x
, ,
x
V = x x = [ x ]
V= = u
80 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
=
= , Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
= = [(x) ( x) ] x
,
,
= =[ + ]
, =
= ( + )= u
13.4 Mtodo del anillo (Eje de rotacin no forma parte del rea plana).
Se representa a la seccin del rea plana generatriz del slido y se dibuja una
faja diferencial representativa que sea paralela al eje de rotacin.
= =
81 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Hallar el valor del volumen del slido de revolucin que se genera al rotar la regin
plana sobre el correspondiente eje indicado:
= x = ( ) x
,
=
=
= = [ ]
V= ( )= u
=4
,
= =
=
= [ ] = [ ]=
=
, ,
Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
S x = =
= = x = +
= = + = [ + ]
= [ + ]= [ + ] = u
82 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= xx = ; = ,
= ,
= = x = ; = ,
Rlv l ta ua: S x = =
S x = =
= = x [ xx x ] x
,
=
V = x x x x = x x +
=
x x
V = [ x x + x ] = [ + ]
V= = u
Hallar el valor del volumen generado por la rotacin del rea plana indicada alrededor
del eje sealado; aplique el mtodo que sea ms apropiado.
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
83 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
Solucin: = l
Solucin: =
Solucin: =
15. Emplear el mtodo del disco para comprobar que el volumen de un cono
circular recto de radio R y de altura H viene dado por la expresin. =
84 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
El Integrando se puede interpretar como el rea de la seccin determinada
por un plano perpendicular al eje X situado a una distancia x del origen de
coordenadas.
85 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Considerando que el slido tiene como propiedad que su seccin transversal ser
perpendicular al eje, equivale a decir que en cada corte que se realice conocemos el
rea de la seccin correspondiente.
1. El slido de base circular de 3 unidades de radio, sabiendo que toda seccin plana
perpendicular a un dimetro dado es un tringulo equiltero.
, , + =
A = x = ; = A =
= [ ] = = u
86 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
x
, =
,
x
= +
,
=
=
Dimensin de la Base: = + = x
A x = = x ; = A x x = x x
= [ ] = = u
H
Por tringulos semejantes se tiene:
= x= H
H H
87 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
H
A = = H
H ; = A x x =H H
H
H H H
= [ ] = = u
H H
1. El slido de base circular de 4 unidades de radio, sabiendo que toda seccin plana
perpendicular al eje X es un cuadrado. Solucin: =
2. El slido de base circular de 4 unidades de radio, sabiendo que toda seccin plana
perpendicular al eje X es un semicrculo. Solucin: =
3. El slido cuya base es el rea limitada por la parbola = x y su ordenada
correspondiente al punto x = , sabiendo que toda seccin plana perpendicular al
eje X de la parbola es un cuadrado. Solucin: =
4. Un cono circular recto de radio R y de altura H. Solucin: V=
H. Solucin: V=
88 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
Cua = +
Cua = =
89 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
P l tat = + = +
+ = = ; =
= ; =
= +
= = [ ]
= [ ] =
90 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
2. La curva = l x ; si x [ , ]
= = = ta x
[ ] = ta x ; = + =
=
,
=[ | + |]
=
= l( + ) l ,
3. La curva = x ; si x [ , ]
,
=x
=x = x
[ ] = x ; = + x
, = =
[ ] = ; = +
= + = [( + ) ] = [ ] ,
4. La curva = x + ; si x [ , ]
; ,
= x + =x x +
= (x + ) [ ] = x x + ; = + x + x
; , = x + x + = x + =
x +
= x + = [ x + x] = [ + ] =
91 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
La curva = ; = ; si t [ , ]
t 0 1 2 3 4
x 1 1,47 -3,07 -19,88 -35,69
y 0 2,29 6,72 2,83 -41,32
= ; = +
= [ + + ]
= = = [ ] , ; ,
= [ ] ,
La hipocicloide = ; = ; si t [ , ]
;
t 0 2
x 0 0
y 0 0 0 ; ;
= ; =
= [ + ]
;
= + =
= = [ ] = =
92 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= =
,
[ ] = ; = +
= =
= = [ ]
= ( ) , .
1. La curva = x si x [ , ]. Solucin: = ,
2. La curva = x + si x [ , ]. Solucin: = ,
3. La curva = x si x [ , ]. Solucin: = a
4. La curva = si x [ , ]. Solucin: = .
5. La curva = l x ; si x [ , ]. Solucin: = + l l , u.
6. La curva = l x ; si x [ , ]. Solucin: = l( + )
, u.
7. La curva = l x ; si x [ , ]. Solucin: = l[ta ]
, u.
8. La curva = x + si x [ , ]. Solucin: =
9. La curva = ; = ; sit [ , ]. Solucin: =
93 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
=
= +
1. = = [ ]
]==
= [ =
2. = = [ ]
94 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
= [ ]= =
3. = = [ ]
= [ ] = [ ] = ( ) =
+
4. +
= +
= +
+ +
= [ta ] + [ta ]
= [ta ta ]+ [ta ta ]
=[ ]+[ ] =
5. Hallar el valor del rea de la regin limitada por la curva = y el Eje x
= A= =
Resolviendo por partes la integral
= + +
=
[ ]
A= +
[ ]
A= + + +
A= + =
] , ]: =
+
95 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
[ , [ =
por: = +
+
1. l = l = [ l ]
+ +
= [ l l ]= [ + ]=
+
2.
=
= [ ]
=
[ ] = [ ]=
3. = = [ ]
= [ ]= =
4. = = [l| |]
= [l| | l| |]
5. = = [ ]
= [ ]= =
6. = +
+
= [ ] + [ ] =
+
96 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
=
[ + ]+ +
[ + ]
Eje x =
A= =
A = [ ]
A= [ ]
,
A= [ ] = =
=4
1. x =
2. =
3. =
4. =
5.
+
=
6. =
+
7. = l
+
8. =
9. (Carece de sentido)
10. Hallar el valor del rea limitada por la curva = y sus asntotas.
Solucin: = u
97 | P g i n a
Clculo Integral Ing. Juan Carlos Moya H MSc.
BIBLIOGRAFA.
Ayres Frank Jr.; Mendelson Elliot, (2010). Clculo. Quinta edicin, Schaum Mc
Graw Hill (Mxico).
Pinzn Alvaro.; (1977). Clculo II integral. Edicin revisada Harper & Row
Latino americana (Mxico).
98 | P g i n a