Waxes For PVC Processing

Clariant Waxes
for PVC Processing

GENERAL
Public
Beate Treffler
BU Additives
Technical Marketing Waxes
20.06.2013
Clariant Waxes
for PVC Processing
CONTENT
PRODUCTS
APPLICATIONS
PERFORMANCE
Public
Beate Treffler
BU Additives
20.06.2013
3 Public, Clariant Waxes for PVC - General
Beate Treffler, BU Additives, Technical Marketing Waxes, 20.06.2013
Montan Waxes -
Unique Lubricants for PVC Processing
Drop point Acid value
[C] [mg KOH/g]
Licowax E ~ 81 ~ 18
+
Licowax OP Ca
~ 99 ~ 12
Licolub WE 4 ~ 80 ~ 26
Licolub WM 31 ~ 74 ~ 12
Licolub WE 40 ~ 76 ~ 20
n
~ C30 ~ C18
COOH = Montanic acid COOH = Fatty acid = CO-function (polar)
Trademark registered by Clariant in numerous countries
Polar Lubricants for PVC Processing
Drop point Viscosity Acid value

[C] [mPa*s] [mg KOH/g]
~ 1800
Licowax PED 191 ~123 ~ 17
(140 C)
Licolub H 12 / ~ 350
~104 ~ 17
Licowax PED 521 (120 C)
Licowax C /
~ 142 - ~8
Licolub FA 1 veg. based
Licocare SBW 11 TP ~ 55 - typical 0
= Alkyl chain * Softening point

Non-Polar Lubricants for PVC Processing
Drop point Viscosity

[C] [mPa*s]
Licowax PE 190 ~135* ~25.000

(140 C)
Licowax PE 520 ~120 ~ 650

(140 C)
Licolub H 4 ~111 < 10

(120 C)
Licocene PE 4201 ~ 128 ~ 60

(140 C)
Licocene PP 6102 ~ 145 ~ 60

(170 C)
= Alkyl chain * Softening point

Montan Waxes -
Unique Lubricants for PVC Processing
Effects Benefits
Broad lubricating Flow Promotion

(internal and external) Release Effect
High melt strength Dimensional Stability
Low volatility No Condensed Precipitates/no mold deposits
Surface Properties (smoothness, printability)

High Transparency
High compatibility
No plate out
High Vicat Value /Heat Distortion Temperature
Clariant Waxes
for PVC Processing
APPLICATIONS
Public
Beate Treffler
BU Additives
20.06.2013
Application & Effects of Clariant Waxes in PVC
Effects Processing Surface

Shear dependent Antisticking Slip Antiblock
Applications viscosity control
1a) PVC Film Rigid
Calender WE 4 / E / WM 31 WE 4 / E / WM 31 / C/FA 1 veg.
Sn-stab.; Ca/Zn-stab. SBW 11
Extrusion / Calendrette WE 4 / E / WM 31 WE 4 / E / WM 31 / C/FA 1 veg.

Sn-stab. SBW 11
Extruded / blown film E H 12 C/FA 1 veg.
Sn-stab.
Ca/Zn-stab. OP / E OP / E / SBW 11 C/FA 1 veg.
1b) PVC Film Flexible WE 4 /SBW 11 / C/FA 1 veg.
H 12
2) Non Food Applications WE 40 WE 40 C/FA 1 veg.
3) Injection Molding OP / E / WM 31 OP / E / WM 31 /
SBW 11
Effects of Clariant Waxes in PVC Extrusion
Effects Processing Surface

Shear dependent Antisticking / Gelation / Gloss
Applications viscosity control Machine load
4) PVC Profile
Ca/Zn-stabilized WE 40 H 12 PE 520 PE 520

PED 191 PP 6102 / PE 4201 PP 6102 / PE 4201
OBS-stabilized WE 40 H 12 PE 520 PE 520

PED 191 PP 6102 / PE 4201 PP 6102 / PE 4201
5) PVC Pipe
Ca/Zn-stabilized H 12 PE 520 PE 520

PP 6102 / PE 4201 PP 6102 / PE 4201
Organic based H 12 PE 520 PE 520
Stabilizer PP 6102 / PE 4201 PP 6102 / PE 4201
Clariant Waxes
for PVC Processing
PERFORMANCE
Public
Beate Treffler
BU Additives
20.06.2013
Volatility (TGA) of Lubricants for PVC

Lowest volatility with montanic esters compared to stearic esters
20 GMS (FAE)
Weight: 500 mg
Surface: 3 cm FACE / FAE
18 Heating rate: 120 K/h
Atmosphere: 1 l air/min,
16
14
12
Votality [%]
10
FACE
8 Licowax E
Licolub WE 4
6
Licowax OP
4 Licolub WE 40
2
0
180 200 220 240 260 280
Temperatur [C]
Influence of Lubricants on Melt Strength

Highest melt Strength with montanic esters compared to stearic esters
Tensile Stress Capacity of a Ca/Zn-Stabilized PVC Melt

210
Licolub WE 4
180 Licolub WE 40
Licowax E
150
FACE
120
F [cN]
FAE Basic formulation:

S-PVC, k value 60 100,0 parts
90 Ca-12-Hydroxy Stearate 0,3 phr
Zn-Stearate 0,1 phr
Epoxidized Soyabean Oil 3,0 phr
60 -Diketone 0,3 phr
Lubricant 0,5 phr
Gttfert Rheotens
30 (screw 30 mm; gradient 4:2; die 5 mm
temperature: 140/160/175/190 C
acceleration 6 cm/s2)
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
v [cm/s]
Vicat Softening Point of Different Lubricants

Highest Vicat values with Licowax E and Licocare SBW 11 TP
80
Formulation:
Vinnolit S 3160 100 phr
Octyl tin stabilizer 1,5 phr
79 Processing Aid (Arcylate) 1 phr
Test product 1 phr
Parameters:
78 (according to DIN EN ISO 306)
Initial temp.: 30 C
Heating rate: 50 K/h
Method: B (50 N)
77
76
75
74
without Glycerol dioleate Mixture of Licowax E Licolub WM 31 Licocare SBW 11
fatty acid TP
complex esters
(Gl 2)
VN 107078-080
Clariant Waxes
for PVC Processing
FILM COMPOUNDS
Public
Beate Treffler
BU Additives
20.06.2013
Release Effect in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

Licolub WM 31 shows excellent external lubrication and anti-sticking
Formulation:
30 S-PVC, k value 60 100 phr
Sn-Octyl mercaptide 1,5 phr
MBS Impact modifier 5,0 phr
PMMA Processing aid 1,0 phr
GDO 0,3 phr
25 Lubricant 0,3 phr
Collin Two Roll Mill

220 g, 195 C, 15/20 rpm
20
Sticking power
15
10
0
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Licowax E
Licolub WE 4
Time [sec.]
Licolub WM 31
Release Effect in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

Licowax E and Licocare SBW 11 TP show excellent anti-sticking
Formulation:
S-PVC, k value 60 100 phr
30 Sn-Octyl mercaptide
MBS Impact modifier
1,5 phr
5,0 phr
GDO 0,3 phr
Lubricant 0,3 phr
25
220 g, 195 C, 15/20 rpm
Sticking power
20
15
10
0 FACE/FAE
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Licowax E
Time [sec.]
Licocare SBW 11 TP
Transparency in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

Higher transparency with all montanic acid esters vs. fatty acid esters
90
88
Formulation:
100,0 parts M-PVC, k value 60
86 8,0 phr MBS Impact modifier
Transparency [%]
1,2 phr PMMA Processing aid

1,2 phr Sn-Octyl mercaptide
0,5 phr GDO
0,3 phr Lubricant
84
0,5 and 2 mm pressed plates
82
80
78
76
Licowax E Licolub WE 4 Licolub WM 31 FACE/FAE
0,5 mm 2 mm
17
Release Effect and Gelation in Sn-Stab. PVC Film Compound

Better external release effect and fast geleation vs. fatty acid ester mix
Two roll mill (190 C, 16,7/20 rpm) Haake kneader (40 rpm, 140C, 63 g)
20 150
16 120
Time to sticking [min.]
Fusion time [sec.]

12 90
Basic formulation:
S-PVC, k value 60 100,0 parts
Sn-Octyl mercaptide 1,5 phr
8 MBS Impact modifier 8,0 phr 60
GDO 0,6 phr
External lubricant 0,5 phr
4 30
0 0
FACE/FAE/ Licowax OP FACE/FAE/ Licowax OP
Ca-Soap Ca-Soap
Release Effect in Ca/Zn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

Better anti-sticking/external lubrication of montanic esters vs. FACE/FAE
Formulation:
30 S-PVC, k value 60 100 phr
Ca/Zn Stabilizer 3,0 phr
MBS Impact modifier 5,0 phr
GDO 0,3 phr
25 Lubricant 0,3 phr

220 g, 195 C, 15/20 rpm
20
Sticking power
15
10
0 Licowax E
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 FACE/FAE
time [sec.] Licolub WE 4
Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing

Film Compounds - Summary
All Montan Waxes and Licocare SBW 11 TP provide better anti-sticking
performance than fatty acid complex ester mixtures
Licolub WE 4 performs best
Transparency is excellent
Clariant Waxes
for PVC Processing
PROFILE / PIPES
COMPOUNDS
Public
Beate Treffler
BU Additives
20.06.2013
PVC Pipes - Replacement of FT Paraffins, Ca/Zn-Stabilized

Lower pressure and torque vs. FT paraffins
Pressure along the barrel

500
0,3 / 0,05 phr FT80/FT1
450
400 0,35 phr Licocene PE 4201
350 0,35 phr Licocene PP 6102

Pressure [bar]
300
250
200
150
100
Formulation: phr
S-PVC, k value 68 100,0
50 CaCO3 (90T) 15,0
Ca/Zn Core stabilizer 1,18
0 Test products 0,35
Pressure p1 Pressure p3 Pressure p4 Pressure p5

Extrusion Parameters:
Single Screw Laboratory Extruder: Collin E 30M, L/D= 25/1;
Round section Die; Temp.: 170-180-190-195-195 C
Die : 195-195 C; Speed: n= 60 rpm
PVC Pipes - Replacement of FT Paraffins, Ca/Zn-Stabilized

and lower energy consumption of the extruder with Licocene
Energy consumption at different screw speeds

0.105
0,3 / 0,05 phr C80/H1
0.1
0,35 phr Licocene PE 4201
0.095
0,35 phr Licocene PP 6102
0.09
E-value [KWh/kg]
0.085
0.08
0.075
0.07
0.065 Formulation: phr

S-PVC, k value 68 100,0
CaCO3 (90T) 15,0
0.06 Ca/Zn Core stabilizer 1,18
Test products 0,35
50 60 70 80 90 100
Extrusion Parameters:
Single Screw Laboratory Extruder: Collin E 30M, L/D= 25/1;
Round section Die; Temp.: 170-180-190-195-195 C
Screw Speed [1/min] Die : 195-195 C; Speed: n= 60/80/90 rpm
PVC Pipes - Replacement of Paraffins, Sn-Stabilized

Lower pressure with lower dosage of Licocene PP 6102
Pressure along the barrel S-PVC k-value 57 100,0 phr
Sn-butyl-stabilizer 1,3 phr
TiO2 8,0 phr
300 Chalk 6,0 phr
Impact modifier 5,0 phr
250 Processing aid 1,0 phr
Ox. PE-wax 0,5 phr
200
Pressure [bar]
Test products 1,0 0,7
150
100
50
0
p1 p2 p3 p4 p5
Extrusiometer E 30 M
1 phr Hydrocarbon wax 1 phr Licocene PP 6102 D= 30 mm, 25 L/D
n= 30 rpm,
180-185-190-200-210C
1 phr Licocene PE 4201 0,7 phr Licocene PP 6102 round-section die: 215C
PVC Pipes - Replacement of Paraffins, Sn-Stabilized

and lower energy consumption/higher output
Energy consumption and Output

Output E-value
10 0,05
8 0,04
E-value [kWh/kg]
Output [kg/h]
6 0,03
4 0,02
2 0,01
0 0
02
02
01
x
wa
61
61
42
on
PP
PP
PE
rb
Extrusiometer E 30 M
e
e
e
ca
en
en
en
ro
D= 30 mm, 25 L/D
oc
oc
oc
yd
ic
ic
ic
n= 30 rpm,
rH
rL
rL
rL
180-185-190-200-210C
ph
ph
ph
ph
round-section die: 215C

1
0,
PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Metallocene vs. Standard PO Waxes

Lower pressure and torque with Licocene
Pressure along the barrel

350 Formulation:
S-PVC k-value 68 100 phr
Ca/Zn-Stabilizer compound 2,4 phr
Impact modifier 7 phr
300 Processing aid 1 phr
TiO2 4 phr
Chalk 6 phr
Pressure [bar]
250 Di stearyl phthalate 0,5 phr

Calcium stearate 0,5 phr
Oxidized PE-wax 0,2 phr
Test product 0,2 - 0,3 phr
200
150
0,3 phr standard PE wax

100
50
0,2 phrLicocene PP 6102
0
0,3 phr Licocene PP 6102
p1 p2 p3 p4 p5
Extrusiometer E 30 M D= 30, 25 L/D, n= 30 rpm, Temp: 180-185-190-195-195C, round-section die:195C
PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Metallocene vs. Standard PO Waxes

and lower torque + similar output vs. standard PE wax
Weber DS 48 190, D= 48 mm, 17 L/D, n= 25 rpm, Temperature: 190-194-195C, profile die: 195C
45 75 Formulation:
Dosage: 0,3 phr Dosage: 0,2 phr S-PVC k-value 68 100 phr
70 Impact modifier 7 phr
40 Processing aid 1 phr
65 TiO2 4 phr
Output [kg/h]
Chalk 6 phr
Torque [%]
Di stearyl phthalate 0,5 phr
35 60 Calcium stearate 0,5 phr
Test product 0,2 - 0,3 phr
30 55
50
25
45
Output
20 40
standard PE Licocene PP Licocene PE Licocene PP Licocene PE Torque
wax 6102 4201 6102 4201
PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Licolub WE 40 Performance

Increase in torque, fast gelation and excellent lubrication
Torque at different screw speeds

220
Formulation:
200 Ca/Zn-Stabilizer compound 2,4 phr
Impact modifier 7 phr
Processing aid 1 phr
TiO2 4 phr
180 Chalk 5 phr
Torque [Nm]

PE Wax 0,20 phr
160 Test product 0,3 phr
140
120
100
without 30 rpm without 45 rpm WE 40 30 rpm WE 40 45 rpm
Single screw, Extrusiometer E 30 M D= 30, 25 L/D, Temp: 180-185-190-195-195C, round-section die:195C


and lower energy consumption with WE 40!
Energy Consumption / Twin Screw
0.1
Formulation:
0.095 Impact modifier 7 phr
Processing aid 1 phr
e - Value [kWh/kg]
TiO2 4 phr
Chalk 5 phr
PE Wax 0,20 phr
0.09 Test product 0,3 phr
0.085
0.08
without 30 rpm without 45 rpm Licolub WE 40 Licolub WE 40
30 rpm 45 rpm
Weber CE 3Z, D= 52 24 mm, n= 30 rpm, Temperature: 185-185-185-185C, flat die: 190 C (VN99498ff)

Higher output and faster gelation vs. fatty acid complex ester
300 18
16
250
14
Fusion time [min]

Output [g/min]
200 12
10
150
8
Basic formulation:
S-PVC, k value 64, impact mod, 100,0 phr
100 Ca-Stearate 0,5 phr 6
Zn-Stearate 1,0 phr
Hydrotalcit 1,0 phr 4
-Diketone 0,6 phr
50 Di-Trimethylol Propane 0,5 phr
Phenolic Antioxidant 0,1 phr 2
0 0
0,3 phr FACE 0,3 phr Licolub WE 40
+ 0,2 phr Licowax PE 520 + 0,2 phr Licowax PE 520 Output
Fusion time
Extrusiometer
(70-180-190-195C, Brabender Plastogram
screw 5/2, die 75/5, 60 rpm) (35 g, 150C, 40 rpm)
Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing

Profile / Pipes Compounds - Summary
Pipes:
Licocene PP 6102 is an excellent FT replacement with
room for dosage reduction and plate out minimizing
Profiles:
- Licocene PP 6102 performs outstanding compared to standard PE
waxes with saving opportunities
- Licolub WE 40 shows high torque but lower energy consumption, fast
gelation combined with high Vicat Softening Temperature resp. Heat
Distortion Temperature.
Clariant Waxes
for PVC Processing
BACKUP
Public
Beate Treffler
BU Additives
20.06.2013
Fatty Acid Complex Ester / Mixtures

Disadvantages
Products/Brands Properties Effects Disadvantages
Fatty Acid Single product/effect
Compex Ester (FACE)
Loxiol G 70 S (Emery) Release High volatility
Baerolub LS 100 (Baerlocher) Higher dosages needed
FACI L 801
Mixtures of FACE 2 - resp, Multiple-

with Fatty Acid Higher volatility
component system Restricted food approvals
Esters (FACE/FAE) (effects result in Release,
Loxiol G 70, G 72 Flow im- Higher dosages needed
addition of single Mold deposits/
Loxiol G 78 constituents) provement
Baerolub 43C Condensed precipitates

Waxes For PVC Processing

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Waxes For PVC Processing

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Available Formats

Clariant Waxes

for PVC Processing

Polar Lubricants for PVC Processing

Drop point Viscosity Acid value

Licocare SBW 11 TP ~ 55 - typical 0

= Alkyl chain * Softening point

Non-Polar Lubricants for PVC Processing

Drop point Viscosity

Licowax PE 190 ~135* ~25.000

Licowax PE 520 ~120 ~ 650

Licolub H 4 ~111 < 10

Licocene PE 4201 ~ 128 ~ 60

Licocene PP 6102 ~ 145 ~ 60

= Alkyl chain * Softening point

Broad lubricating Flow Promotion

High melt strength Dimensional Stability

Low volatility No Condensed Precipitates/no mold deposits

Surface Properties (smoothness, printability)

Application & Effects of Clariant Waxes in PVC

Effects Processing Surface

Extrusion / Calendrette WE 4 / E / WM 31 WE 4 / E / WM 31 / C/FA 1 veg.

Effects of Clariant Waxes in PVC Extrusion

Effects Processing Surface

Ca/Zn-stabilized WE 40 H 12 PE 520 PE 520

OBS-stabilized WE 40 H 12 PE 520 PE 520

Ca/Zn-stabilized H 12 PE 520 PE 520

Volatility (TGA) of Lubricants for PVC

Influence of Lubricants on Melt Strength

Tensile Stress Capacity of a Ca/Zn-Stabilized PVC Melt

FAE Basic formulation:

Vicat Softening Point of Different Lubricants

Release Effect in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

Collin Two Roll Mill

Release Effect in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

Transparency in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

1,2 phr PMMA Processing aid

Release Effect and Gelation in Sn-Stab. PVC Film Compound

Fusion time [sec.]

Release Effect in Ca/Zn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound

Collin Two Roll Mill

Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing

Licolub WE 4 performs best

PVC Pipes - Replacement of FT Paraffins, Ca/Zn-Stabilized

Pressure along the barrel

350 0,35 phr Licocene PP 6102

Pressure p1 Pressure p3 Pressure p4 Pressure p5

PVC Pipes - Replacement of FT Paraffins, Ca/Zn-Stabilized

Energy consumption at different screw speeds

0.065 Formulation: phr

PVC Pipes - Replacement of Paraffins, Sn-Stabilized

Test products 1,0 0,7

PVC Pipes - Replacement of Paraffins, Sn-Stabilized

Energy consumption and Output

round-section die: 215C

PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Metallocene vs. Standard PO Waxes

Pressure along the barrel

250 Di stearyl phthalate 0,5 phr

0,3 phr standard PE wax

PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Metallocene vs. Standard PO Waxes

PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Licolub WE 40 Performance

Torque at different screw speeds

Oxidized PE-wax 0,15 phr

Single screw, Extrusiometer E 30 M D= 30, 25 L/D, Temp: 180-185-190-195-195C, round-section die:195C