9

!!


1.

9 32 3 16 42 4
36 62 6 64 82 8
100 102 10 121 112 11
144 122 12 625 252 25
3

3
8 23 2
3
8 3 (2)3 2
3 3
3
27 3 33 3 3
64 4 4

3
125 3 53 5
3
216 3 63 6

3
1000 3 103 10
2.
2 2
9 3 3 49 7 7

16 4 4 9 3 3
2 2
81 9 9 169 13 13

4 2 2 49 7 7
2 2
196 14 14 400 20 4

25 5 5 225 15 3
3 3
1 31 1 8 2 2
3 3 3
8 2 2 27 3 3
3 3
64 3 4 4 512 3 8 8
3 3
125 5 5 343 7 7

1
 3
216 3 6 6 3
3
1000 10 10 5
3.

163 (24 )3 212 26 64 362 36

3 6 3 18 9 3
3
64 (2 ) 2 2 512 8 8
3 3 5
273 27 1 1
3 2 3 2 3 6 2
8 (2 ) 2 2 4
3

3 3
642 3 (43 )2 46 42 16

3
(27)2 3 ((3)3 )2 3 36 32 9
4.

y2 y x4 ( x2 )2 x2
x 2 y 4 x 2 ( y 2 )2 x y 2 y 6 ( y3 )2 y3
2 2
16 4 4 100 10 10
2 2
x2 x x n4 n n
8 x3 3 2 x 2 x 64m3 3 4m 4m
3 3 3 3

5.

(2 x)2 2 x 2 x
3
(5 y)3 5 y
(4 a)2 4 a
3
( x 3)3 x 3
16b 2 24b 9 (4b 3) 2 4b 3
9 x 2 30 x 25 (3x 5) 2 3 x 5

2
 4m 2 20mn 25n 2 (2m 5n) 2 2m 5n
49 x 2 112 xy 64 y 2 (7 x 8 y ) 2 7 x 8 y
6.

18 32 2 3 2 48 42 3 4 3
30 30 30
75 52 3 5 3
49 72 7
10 10 10

3
40 3 23 5 23 5
121 112 11
3

3
54 3 33 2 33 2
3
128 43 2 4 3 2
3
3 3 3 3 3m 3m 3m
192 4 3 4 3 3 3
8n3 (2n)3 2n
3
16a5 3 (2a)3 2a 2 2a 3 2a 2
7.

36a 2b3 (6ab) 2 b 6ab b 6 a b b

27a 4b3 (3a 2b)2 b 3a 2b b 3a 2b b

72 x5 y 2 (6 x 2 y )2 2 x 6 x 2 y 2 x 6 x 2 y 2 x

112a3b4 (4ab2 )2 7a 4ab2 7a 4ab2 7a

80m4 n3 (4m2 n)2 5n 4m2 n 5n 4m2 n 5n

64 x 2 y 3 (8 xy ) 2 y 8 xy y 8 x y y
3
16m3n3 3 (2mn)3 2 2mn 3 2
3
54 x 4b3 3 (3xb)3 2 x 3xb 3 2 x


3

3
128a5 y3 3 (4ay)3 2a 2 4ay 3 2a 2

3
24 p3q5 3 (2 pq)3 3q 2 2 pq 3 3q 2
8.

x , y , m , n p

5 6 52 6 25 6 150
2 3
2m m (2m) m 4m

23 23 23

3
3 2

y (y ) y6
2 5 3 23 5 3 8 5 3 40
3

3 3 3 3 3 3
2 x 4 (2 x) 4 8 x 4 32 x
3

3
3m 3m 3m
3 3
3
3

2n (2n) 8n
9.
3 2 4 2 5 2 3 2 (3 4 5 3) 2 2
5 2 3 3 6 2 5 3 (5 6) 2 (5 3) 3
22 3
3 15 4 3 3 15 6 3 (3 3) 15 (6 4) 3 2 3
4 3 2 17 3 17 3 3 2 3 3 17
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 8 3 2 3 3 (2 1) 2 (8 3) 3

33 2 53 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
8 2 3 3 5 2 2 3 (8 5) 2 (3 2) 3

33 2 3 3

4
10.
2 3 2 2 3 2
27 48 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3
3 4 3 4
1 1 1 1
288 72 122 2 62 2 3 2 2 2 2
4 6 4 6
3 2 3 2 2 2
75 27 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3
5 3 5 3
3 3 3 3
3 3
5 128 3 250 5 4 2 3 5 2 203 2 153 2 53 2
13 1
3
3
81 192 3 3 33 3 3 43 3 9 3 3 2 3 3 7 3 3
2 2
3
4
3
54 33 128 4 3 33 2 3 43 2 12 3 2 12 3 2 0
11.

2 8 3 98 2 200 2 22 2 3 7 2 2 2 102 2
4 2 21 2 20 2 37 2
3 50 32 5 200 3 52 2 42 2 5 102 2
15 2 4 2 50 2 31 2

3 175 2 28 3 63 112 3 52 7 2 22 7 3 32 7 42 7
15 7 4 7 9 7 4 7 16 7
108 2 27 40 5 160 6 3 2 3 3 2 10 5 4 10
2 2 2 2

6 3 6 3 2 10 20 10 22 10
2 16 3 54 2 128 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

43 2 93 2 83 2 53 2
1 13 3
33 81 3 128 33 192 43 54 3 33 3 4 2 33 43 3 43 33 2
3

2 2
9 3 3 2 3 2 12 3 3 12 3 2 14 3 2 3 3 3


5
 4 54 6 81 4 16 3 24 4 3 2 6 3 3 4 2 2 3 2 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

12 3 2 18 3 3 8 3 2 6 3 3 4 3 2 12 3 3
2 40 3 135 5 320 8 5 2 2 5 3 3 5 5 4 5 8 5
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4 3 5 9 3 5 20 3 5 8 3 5 15 3 5
12.
2(2 12 18) 5(3 32 27) 2(2 22 3 32 2) 5(3 42 2 32 3)
8 3 6 2 60 2 15 3 7 3 54 2
3(3 40 135) 4( 320 40) 3(3 2 5 3 5) 4( 4 5 2 5)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

18 3 5 9 3 5 16 3 5 8 3 5 17 3 5
2 27 4 50 4 18 2 32 3 4 52 2 4 32 2
3 48 3 4 3
2

3 5 3 3 5 3
2 3 12 3 4 2 4 2 10 3
23 13 23 135 33 40 2 3 3 13 3 23 33 5 33 23 5
81 24 3 3 2 3
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
2 3 3 3 3 2 3 5 33 5 3 3 3 5
13. a , b , x , y z


A 3 32 x 6 8x 3 42 2 x 6 22 2 x 12 2 x 12 2 x 0
B 2 125 x 2 z 8 x 80 z 2 52 5 x 2 z 8 x 42 5 z
10 x 5 z 32 x 5 z 42 x 5 z
C 7a b3 b 4a2b 4b 7ab b 2ab b 2 b 9ab 2 b
D 8b 49b 7 9b3 a 4a a3 56b b 21b b 2a a a a
35b b 3a a
E 3xy x 2 y 2 x 4 y 3 3x 2 y y 2 x 2 y y x 2 y y

6
F 3a a3b5 2b a5b3 5 a3b3 3a2b2 ab 2a2b2 ab 5ab ab
(5a2b2 5ab) ab 5(ab 1)ab ab

G 8a 3 54a 6 3 16a 4 24a 3 2a 12a 3 2a 36a 3 2a

H 33 x4 y 6 x 3 xy 4 2 3 x4 y 4 3x 3 xy 6 xy 3 xy 2 xy 3 xy
3x 3 xy 4 xy 3 xy (3 4 y) x 3 xy
14. A a 5 , b 3
A ab ab3 9a3b3 a3b ab b ab 3ab ab
15 3 15 45 15 5 15 52 15
15. A a 3 , b 2
A 4a a a2b b2a b 9b 2 a a2 b b a 3b b
2 3 9 2 2 3 6 2 15 2 4 3
16.
(2 3)(3 2) 6 3 2 6 6
(4 6)( 2 5) 8 6 5 8 30
(3 5)(5 3) 15 5 3 15 15
(6 2)( 12 3) 72 2 3 72 6
(3 8)(3 48) 9 8 48 9 82 6 72 6
(3 75)(2 48) 6 52 3 42 3 6 5 4 3 360
1
(2 3 3) 3 2 3 3 2 3 6
2
(3 2)(5 15) 15 2 15 15 30
3 3 3 3

(6 8)( 3 2) 12( 3 2) 36 2
3 3 3 3

17.
3 5(2 18 3 48) 3 5(6 2 12 3) 18 10 36 15
3 3(3 6 3 2) 9 18 9 6 27 2 9 6

7
 1 1
3(2 48 3 32) 3(8 3 12 2) 12 6 6
2 2
3 3
2(2 18 3 48) 2(6 2 12 3) 18 18 6
2 2
4 3(2 6 2 5) 8 18 8 15
3 3 3 3 3

2 5(3 3 5 2) 6 15 10 10
3 3 3 3 3

3 3(3 3 8 2 3 18) 9 3 23 3 6 3 33 2 18 3 3 18 3 2
3

3 5(4 20 2 45) 12 100 6 225

3 3 3 3 3

18.
(2 3 8)(9 2 5) 18 3 4 15 72 16 5
(3 5 2 10)( 50 2 80) 3 250 6 400 2 500 4 800

15 10 120 20 5 80 2
( 50 75)( 32 48) (5 2 5 3)(4 2 4 3)

40 20 6 20 6 60 100 40 6
( 125 75)( 80 48) (5 5 5 3)(4 5 4 3)

100 20 15 20 15 60 160 40 15
(3 18 3 27)(2 8 2 12) (3 18 9)(4 2 12)
3 3 3 3 3 3

12 3 18 6 3 216 36 18 3 12 12 3 18 18 3 12
( 80 2 27)(3 20 3 12) (2 10 6)(3 20 3 12)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

6 3 200 6 3 120 18 3 20 18 3 12
12 3 25 12 3 15 18 3 20 18 3 12
19. a 3 5 2 10 , b 5 7 2 10 , c 3 18 3 27
d 3 3 6 3 8
3ab 3(3 5 2 10)(5 7 2 10) 45 35 90 2 30 70 120
a b (3 5 2 10) (5 7 2 10)
2 2 2 2

8
 45 12 50 40 175 20 70 40
300 60 2 20 70
a 2b (3 5 2 10) 2(5 7 2 10)
2 2 2 2

45 12 50 40 350 40 70 80
345 60 2 40 70
b 2ab (5 7 2 10) 2(3 5 2 10)(5 7 2 10)
2 2

175 20 70 40 30 35 60 2 20 70 80
295 40 70 30 35 60 2
1 1 3 1 3
cd ( 18 27)(3 6 8) (9 4 2 18 9 6 6)
3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2
c b ( 18 27 ) (5 7 2 10)
2 2 3 3 2 2

3 3 12 6 3 18 9 175 20 70 40
3 3 12 6 3 18 20 70 126
c 2cd ( 18 27) 2( 18 27)(3 6 8)
2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3

3 3 12 6 3 18 9 18 3 4 4 3 18 18 3 6 12
3 3 12 2 3 18 18 3 4 18 3 6 3
20.
33 33 48 48 16 4
3
11 11 27 27 9 3
2 75 75 2 84 84
2 75 15 2 2 5 2 2 7
15 15 12 12
25 1 5
5 5
5 25 75 3 3 5 15
5
75 5 5 5 3 3
12 3 6 6 5 3 100 1 3 100 1 3
12 3 12 3
3 20
3
2 2 25 3 5 5 5 5

9
 3 72 3 1 3 72 2 3
18
2
2 3
8 2 8 2
6 3 7 4 3 21 3
73 1 3
36

33 6 2 3 3 3
6 21 3
6 6
21.
b2 b2 b
A
b 2 14b 49 b 7 b7
2

7 x 4
2
49 x 2 56 x 16 7x 4
B
6x
2 2
36 x 6x

a 8b
2
a 2 16ab 64b 2 a 8b
C
a 2 10ab 25b 2 a 5b a 5b
2

5b a
2
25b 2 10ab a 2 a 5b
D
16b 2 24ab 9a 2 4b 3a 3a 4b
2

22.


3 3 10 3 3 3 3 33 3 11


10 10 33 33 11
6 6 48 4 3 3 8 8 8 3

48 48 8 2 27 3 3 9
9 4 18 5 5 5 5 5 10
3 2
18 18 72 6 2 12
3
9 3
900 2 3 3 3 3 900 3 100

3
10 10 3
30 15 5
18 3 18 400 3 900
3
7 m 7 m 6 n 2 3
42 mn 2
3 3
3
20 20 10 36n 36n 6n 2 6n

10
 11 p 11 p 7q 2 3 77 pq 2 3 3 2y 3
6y
3 3 3 3
49q 49q 7q 2
7q 4 y2 4 y2 2 y 2y
23.


36 6 (36 6) 2 36 2 12 18 2 3

8 2 2 2 4 2
3 5 ( 3 5) 5 15 5

3 20 6 5 5 30
8 8 8(10 3 15 2)

2 75 3 50 10 3 15 2 (10 3 15 2)(10 3 15 2)
80 3 120 2 8 3 12 2

300 450 15
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 15

2 80 45 8 5 3 5 5 5 25
9 3 3 9 3 3 (9 3 3) 3 2 93 2 3 6
3 3
2 3 32 4 4 4 43 2 8
5 3 4 3 3 (5 3 4 3 3) 3 132 5 3 676 3 507

3
8 13 8 13 13
3 3 2 104
23 6 23 6 2 3 6(36 6 3 9 3 81)

2 27 9 6 9 (6 3 9)(36 6 3 9 3 81)
3 3 3

72 3 6 36 3 2 6 3 18 24 3 6 12 3 2 2 3 18

216 9 69
23 2 23 2 2 2(4 2 3 6 3 36)
3
3
16 12 2 2 2 6 2 6 (2 3 6)(4 2 3 6 3 36)
3 3 3 3

8 4 3 6 2 3 36
4 2 3 6 3 36
86
24.

11
 3 3 x 3a 3a 2ab 3a 2ab 3 2ab

x x 8ab 8ab 2ab 4ab 4b
3 x 3 x ( 2 xy ) 3x 2 y 3 2 y
2

5 2 x y 5 2 x y ( 2 xy ) 10 x y
3 3 10 xy
8a 8a 3 5a 2b 2 8a 3 5a 2b 2 8 3 5a 2b 2

3
25ab 3 25ab 3 5a 2b 2 5ab 5b
27 3 m 27 3 m 3 mn 2 27 3 m 2 n 2

7 m n 7 m n mn
3 2 3 2 3 2 7 mn
15 15( 2a b ) 15 2a 15 b

2a b ( 2a b )( 2a b ) 2a b
7 2x 7 2 x (2 x 3 y ) 14 x 2 7 6 xy

2 x 3 y (2 x 3 y )(2 x 3 y ) 4x 3 y
11 3 3
11( 3 4m2 3 24mn 3 144n 2 )

3
2m 12n ( 3 2m 3 12n )( 3 4m2 3 24mn 3 144n 2 )
3

11( 3 4m 2 3 24mn 3 144n 2 )

3

2m 12n
7 3 7x 7 3 7 x ( 3 x4 2 3 x2 y 4 3 y 2 )

3
x 2 y
2 3
( 3 x 2 2 3 y )( 3 x 4 2 3 x 2 y 4 3 y 2 )
7 x 3 7 x 2 14 x 3 7 y 28 3 7 xy 2

x2 8 y
25. a , b , c c

c 2 a 2 b 2
. a 3 , b 4
c 2 32 4 2 25 c 25 5

12
 . a 5 , b 12
c 2 52 12 2 169 c 169 13
. a 6 , b 8
c 2 6 2 82 100 c 100 10
. c 26 , b 10
a 2 26 2 82 576 a 576 24
. b 30 , c 50
a 2 50 2 30 2 1600 a 1600 40
26. m 3 8 5 3 8 5
mn m2
n m 3 8 5 3 8 5 6 8 12 2
m
m n2

2
mn 3 8 5 3 8 5 2 5
mn
n2 2mn n 2m 3 8 5 6 8 2 5 3 8 3 5

n2 n 3 8 5 3 8 5
(3 8 3 5)(3 8 5) 72 3 40 9 40 15

(3 8 5)(3 8 5) 72 5
87 12 40

67
27. 2 3 3
233
3
( 2) 6 ( 3 3) 6 ( 2 2 )3 ( 33 ) 2
8 9 ()
2 3 3 2
233

13
28. A 22 288
A 18 4 2 144 18 12 2 22
(3 2)2 2 3 2 2 22 (3 2 2)2 3 2 2
3
29. r 628 000cm

2 3 V
V S h r 2r 2 r r 3
2
628000 3 628000 3
r3 100000 10 3 100cm
2 3.14 6.28
r 10 3 100 cm
30. . 217 217 218

217 217 217 (1 1) 217 2 218

217 217 218
. x 2 x 2 x 3 85
2 x x 3 (23 )5 2
2 x 3
215
15 3
2 x 3 15 x 6
2
x 6
rrr2sss

14

1. n
. 30% n
48
30 48 100
n 48 n 160
100 30
. 25% 28 n
25 28 25
28 n n 7
100 100
. 17 n % 85
n 17 100
85 17 n 20
100 85
. n % 150 20
n 20 100 40
150 20 n
100 150 3
. n 30% 400
30 400 30
400 n
n 120
100 100
2. 20 17


17
100% 17 5 % 85%
20
85%

15
3. 25000 20 000

25000 20000 5000

5000 1
100 % 100 % 20%
25000 5
20%
4. A 2 400 B
3000 A
B
A B
2 400 4
100 % 100 % 80%
3000 5
A 80% B
5. 350000
60%
?
x

350000


60%
60
x 350000 210000
100
350000 210000 140000

16
 140 000
6. 60$ 80%
?
x
x
80%
80 60 100
60 x , x 75
100 80
75$
7. 4 200
20%

n

4 200 n
4 200 n 20 4 200 n 1

n 100 n 5
5 4 200 5n n 6n 21000 n 3500

3 500
8.
16%
4 200

n
4 200
n 4 200
n 4 200 16 n 4 200 4

n 100 n 25
25(n 4 200) 4n

17
 25n 105000 4n
21n 105000
n 5000
5000

9.
1
12% 600000 180 000
400000


14%
?
E
12%
12
E 1000000 120000
100
R


14
R 180000 400000 236000
100


P R E 236000 120000 116000 `
10.
8%

18

70%

80000
p


s




70
70% p
80 000 80000 56000
100


p
8%
8 8
s p 56000 4 480
100 100

4 480

rrr2sss

19

1.
A ( x 4)( x 2 4 x 1) x( x2 4 x 1) 4( x 2 4 x 1)
x3 4 x2 x 4 x 2 16 x 4 x3 15 x 4
B ( x 3)( x2 4 x 3) x( x2 4 x 3) 3( x2 4 x 3)
x3 4 x2 3x 3x2 12 x 9 x3 7 x2 9 x 9
C (a b)(a 2 2ab 3b 2 )
a (a 2 2ab 3b 2 ) b(a 2 2ab 3b 2 )
a 3 2a 2 b 3ab 2 a 2 b 2ab 2 3b3
a 3 3a 2 b ab 2 3b3
D ( x 2)( x 2 5 x 1) x( x 2 5 x 1) 2( x 2 5 x 1)
x3 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 10 x 2 x3 3x 2 11x 2
E ( y 5)( y2 3 y 8) y( y2 3 y 8) 5( y2 3 y 8)
y3 3 y2 8 y 5 y2 15 y 40 y3 2 y2 23 y 40
F (3n 4)(n 5) 3n(n 5) 4(n 5)
3n 2 15n 4n 20 3n 2 19n 20
G ( x 3)( x 1) 2 ( x 1)( x 2 2 x 1)
x ( x 2 2 x 1) 3( x 2 2 x 1)
x3 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 6 x 3 x3 x 2 5 x 3
H ( y 1)( y 2) 2 ( y 1)( y 2 4 y 4)
y ( y 2 4 y 4) ( y 2 4 y 4)
y3 4 y 2 4 y y 2 4 y 4 y3 3 y 2 4

20

2. a
. ( x a )( x 8) x 2 12 x 32
( x a )( x 8) x 2 8 x 4 x 32
( x a)( x 8) x( x 8) 4( x 8) ( x 4)( x 8)
( x 8) , x 8
x a x 4 a 4
a 4
. (2 y 6)( y a ) 2 y 2 8 y 42
(2 y 6)( y a ) 2 y 2 6 y 14 y 42
(2 y 6)( y a) y (2 y 6) 7(2 y 6)
(2 y 6)( y 7)
(2 y 6) , y 3
y a y 7 a 7
a 7
3.
4
2x 8 x 2 x ( x 3 4)
3 2
7b 21b 7b (b 3)
2 2 3 2
8ax 12 a x 4 ax (2 3ax )
3 2 3 2 2
10 x y 15 xy 5 xy (2 x 3 y )
2 2 2 2
6 x 9 y 3(2 x 3 y )
2 2
15 x 20 y 5(3 x 4 y )
3 2 2
4 x 2 x 14 x 2 x (2 x x 7)
4 2 4 2
3a 9 a 15 3( a 3a 5)
3 2 2
2 x 3 x 4 x x (2 x 3 x 4)

21
 2
9 xy 3 x 4 xy 2 x (9 y 3 x 4 y 2 )
2 2 2 2
8abc 4b c 12 a bc 4bc (2 ac b 3a )
2 2
6 x yz 2 xy z 4 xyz 2 xyz (3 x y 2)
4 3 2 3 2 2
12 x y t 4 x yt 8x t 16 xy

4 x (3 x 3 y 3t 2 x 2 yt 2 2 xt 4 y )
4.
a ( x 1) b ( x 1)
( a b)( x 1)
z ( y 3) 2( y 3) ( z 2)( y 3)
ab 3a 9b 27 a (b 3) 9(b 3) ( a 9)(b 3)
ab 7 a 4b 28 a (b 7) 4(b 7) (a 4)(b 7)
xy 2 x 7 y 14 x ( y 2) 7( y 2) ( x 7)( y 2)
ap 2 pk ya 2 yk p(a 2k) y(a 2k) ( p y)(a 2k)
am mb an nb m(a b) n(a b) (m n)(a b)
12xy 15x 4 y 5 3x(4 y 5) (4 y 5) (3x 1)(4 y 5)
2ab 8a 3b 12 2a(b 4) 3(b 4) (2a 3)(b 4)
3ab 12a b 4 3a(b 4) (b 4) (3a 1)(b 4)
xy 8 x 3 y 24 x ( y 8) 3( y 8) ( x 3)( y 8)
5.

A at bt ct 2a 2b 2c
t (a b c) 2(a b c)
(t 2)(a b c)
B ax 2ay 3az 4 x 8 y 12 z
a ( x 2 y 3 z ) 4( x 2 y 3 z )
( a 4)( x 2 y 3 z )
C ax ay az bx by bz
a ( x y z ) b( x y z )

22
 ( a b)( x y z )
D y 2 cy ay ac by bc
y ( y c ) a ( y c ) b( y c )
( y c)( y a b)
6.

A ( x y ) 2 z 2 ( x y z )( x y z )
B ( x y ) 2 ( z t ) 2 ( x y z t )( x y z t )
C ( x 2 2 xy y 2 ) t 2
( x y ) 2 t 2 ( x y t )( x y t )
D ( a b) 2 ( a b) 2
(a b a b)(a b a b) 4ab
7. a
. 4 x 2 3ay 4 (2 x 9 y 2 )(2 x 9 y 2 )
4 x 2 3ay 4 (2 x ) 2 (9 y 2 ) 2 4 x 2 81 y 4
81
3a 81 a 27
3
. 16 x 2 5ay 4 (4 x 5 y 2 )(4 x 5 y 2 )
16 x 2 5ay 4 (4 x ) 2 (5 y 2 ) 2 16 x 2 25 y 4
25
5a 25 a 5
5
8.

x 2 16 x 2 4 2 ( x 4)( x 4)
y2 121 y2 112 ( y 11)( y 11)

23
 y2 1 ( y 1)( y 1)
4 z 2 49 (2 z ) 2 7 2 (2 z 7)(2 z 7)
3a 2 12 3( a 2 4) 3( a 2 2 2 ) 3( a 2)( a 2)
25b2 64 5b 82 5b 8 5b 8
2

36 x 4 y 2 (6 x 2 ) 2 y 2 (6 x 2 y )(6 x 2 y )
84x2 21 21(4x2 1) 21[(2x)2 1] 21(2x 1)(2x 1)
3 x 2 75 3( x 2 25) 3( x 2 52 ) 3( x 5)( x 5)
4m 2 144 (2m ) 2 12 2 (2m 12)(2m 12)
8 x 2 160 x 800 8( x 2 20 x 100)
8( x 10) 2 8( x 10)( x 10)
5 x 2 y 2 500 5[( xy ) 2 100] 5( xy 10)( xy 10)
3t 2 z 4 147 3[(tz 2 ) 2 49] 3(tz 2 7)(tz 2 7)
2 xy 2 32 x 2 x ( y 2 16) 2 x ( y 4)( y 4)
3a2b4 192a4 3a2 (b4 64a2 ) 3a2 (b2 8a)(b2 8a)
5ab 2 20a 30b 2 120 5a (b 2 4) 30(b 2 4)
(5a 30)(b 2 4)
5( a 6)(b 2)(b 2)
4cx2 4c 12 x2 12 4c( x2 1) 12( x2 1)
(4c 12)( x2 1)
4(c 3)( x 1)( x 1)
2 xy 2 2 x 4 y 2 4 2 x( y 2 1) 4( y 2 1)
(2 x 4)( y 2 1)

24
 2( x 2)( y 1)( y 1)
9.
9( x 1)2 4(2 x 3)2
[3( x 1) 2(2 x 3)][3( x 1) 2(2 x 3)]
(3x 3 4 x 6)(3x 3 4 x 6)
( x 9)(7 x 3)
4( y 2) 2 y 2 [2( y 2) y ][2( y 2) y ]
(2 y 4 y )(2 y 4 y )
( y 4)(3 y 4)
3( x 1) x 2 2 x 1 3( x 1) ( x 1) 2
( x 1)(3 x 1) ( x 1)(2 x )
(2 x 5)2 4 x 2 25 (2 x 5)2 (2 x 5)(2 x 5)
(2 x 5)(2 x 5 2 x 5)
10(2 x 5)
16( x 3)2 ( x 1) 2
[4( x 3) ( x 1)][4( x 3) ( x 1)]
(4 x 12 x 1)(4 x 12 x 1)
(3x 13)(5 x 11)
x 3 x x ( x 2 1) x ( x 1)( x 1)
t 4 1 (t 2 1)(t 2 1) (t 1)(t 1)(t 2 1)
4 x 2 16 x 4 x ( x 4)
( x 1)2 ( x2 1) 2 x 2
( x 1)2 ( x 1)( x 1) 2( x 1)
( x 1)( x 1 x 1 2)


25
 4( x 1)
x5 x x( x4 1) x( x2 1)( x2 1)
x( x 1)( x 1)( x2 1)
x( y 1) 2 4 x x[( y 1) 2 4]
x( y 1 2)( y 1 2) x( y 3)( y 1)
10. a P 2 x3 3 x 2 8 x 3
( x 1)(2 x 2 ax 3) P 1

( x 1)(2 x 2 ax 3) 2 x 3 ax 2 3 x 2 x 2 ax 3
2 x 3 ( a 2) x 2 ( a 3) x 3
P ( x 1)(2 x 2 ax 3)
3 2 3 2

2 x 3 x 8 x 3 2 x ( a 2) x ( a 3) x 3
a 2 3
a 5
a 3 8
a 5
2
P ( x 1)(2 x ax 3)
( x 1)(2 x 2 5 x 3)
( x 1)(2 x 2 6 x x 3)
( x 1)[2 x( x 3) ( x 3)]
( x 1)( x 3)(2 x 1)
11.

26
 x2 5x 4 x2 4 x x 4
x ( x 4) ( x 4) ( x 4)( x 1)
x 2 5 x 6 x2 3x 2 x 6
x ( x 3) 2( x 3) ( x 3)( x 2)
t 2 8t 15 t 2 2 t 4 4 2 1 (t 4) 2 12
(t 4 1)(t 4 1) (t 3)(t 5)
x 2 10 x 9 x 2 x 9 x 9
x ( x 1) 9( x 1) ( x 1)( x 9)
t 2 11t 28 t 2 4t 7t 28
t (t 4) 7(t 4) (t 4)(t 7)
x2 7 x 8 x2 x 8x 8
x ( x 1) 8( x 1) ( x 1)( x 8)
x 2 x 6 x 2 2 x 3x 6
x( x 2) 3( x 2) ( x 2)( x 3)
x 2 11x 12 x 2 x 12 x 12
x( x 1) 12( x 1) ( x 1)( x 12)
b 2 6b 7 b 2 b 7b 7
b(b 1) 7(b 1) (b 1)(b 7)
2
2 2 3 9 9 3 25
x 3x 4 x 2 x 4 x
2 4 4 2 4
3 5 3 5
x x x 1 x 4
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1 49
y 2 y 12 y 2 2 y 12 y
2 4 4 2 4

27
 1 7 1 7
y y ( y 4)( x 3)
2 2 2 2
y 2 2 y 35 y 2 2 y 1 36 y 1 62
2

y 7 y 5
n 2 4n 12 n 2 4n 4 16 (n 2)2 42
(n 6)(n 2)
2
3 9 9 3 81
a 2 3a 18 a 2 2 a 18 a
2 4 4 2 4
3 9 3 9
a a (a 6)(a 3)
2 2 2 2
x 2 6 x 7 x 2 6 x 9 16 ( x 3)2 42
( x 7)( x 1)
5t 2 12t 7


5t 7 5t 7 5t 1 5t 1
t 1 t 1 t 7 t 7
5t 7t 12t 5t 7t 12t 35t t 36t 35t t 36t
2
5t 12t 7 (t 1)(5t 7)

2 x 2 13 x 7

28
 2x 1 2 x 1 2x 7
x 7 x 7 x 1
14x x 13x 14 x x 13x 2 x 7 x 5x
2 x 7
x 1
2 x 7 x 5 x
2
2 x 13 x 7 (2 x 1)( x 7)

2 x2 5x 3


2x 1 2 x 1 2 x 3 2x 3
x 3 x 3 x 1 x 1
6 x x 5 x 6 x x 5 x 2 x 3x x 2 x 3x x
2
2 x 5 x 3 (2 x 1)( x 3)
12.
2a2 24a 70 2(a2 12a 35) 2(a2 12 x 36 1)
2[(a 6)2 1] 2(a 5)(a 7)
3x2 21x 36 3( x2 7 x 12) 3( x2 3x 4 x 12)
3[ x( x 3) 4( x 3)] 3( x 3)( x 4)
5a2 15a 90 5(a2 3a 18) 5(a2 3a 6a 18)
5[a(a 3) 6(a 3)] 5(a 3)(a 6)
2 x 2 4 x 160 2( x 2 2 x 80) 2( x 2 2 x 1 81)
2[( x 1) 2 92 ] 2( x 10)( x 8)

29
 4bc2 12bc 40b 4b(c2 3c 10) 4b(c2 2c 5c 10)
4b[c(c 2) 5(c 2)] 4b(c 2)(c 5)
6 xy 4 18 xy 2 168 x 6 x( y 4 3 y 2 28)
6 x( y 4 4 y 2 7 y 2 28)
6 x[ y 2 ( y 2 4) 7( y 2 4)]
6 x( y 2)( y 2)( y 2 7)

13.
x 2 3x 2 x 2
3x
x x
2x 5 2 x 5 9 x 2 3x 9 x 2 x 5
3x 1
3x 3x 3x
y 4 3y2 4 y y 4 3y2 5 y 4
y
3y 4 3y 4 3y 4
5 a 2 a 3a 3 5 a 2 2a 8
a 3
a 1 a 1 a 1
5 b2 5b 5b 25 5 b2 20
b5
b5 b5 b5
2n 3 12n2 15n 2n 3 12n2 17n 3
3n
4n 5 4n 5 4n 5
14. a , b , c
2 x2 x 3 c
ax b
x 1 x 1


30

2 x2 x 3 c ax 2 ax bx b c
ax b
x 1 x 1 x 1
ax 2 (b a ) x c b

x 1
a2 a 2

b a 1 b 1
cb 3 c 4

a 2 , b 1 , c 4
15.
6x 1 2x 6x 1 2 x (9 x )

81 x 2 x 9 81 x 2 ( x 9)(9 x )
6 x 1 18 x 2 x 2 2 x 2 12 x 1
2

81 x 81 x 2
10 y 1 5y 10 y 1 5 y(10 y)

100 y 2 y 10 100 y 2 ( y 10)(10 y)
10 y 1 50 y 5 y 2 5 y 2 40 y 1
2

100 y 100 y 2
11 x2 11 x 2 (11 x)

121 x 2 x 11 121 x 2 ( x 11)(11 x)
11 11x 2 x3 x3 11x 2 11
2

121 x 121 x 2
t 2 3t 4 3t 4

2(t 3) 3(t 3) 6(t 3) 6(t 3) 6(t 3)

31
 4 x 16 4 4 x 16 4( x 4)
2
( x 4)( x 4) x 4 x 16 ( x 4)( x 4)
4 x 16 4 x 16 32

x 2 16 x 2 16
4z 2 4 4z 2 4( z 4)

16 z 2 z 4 16 z 2 ( z 4)( z 4)
4 z 2 4 z 16 14

16 z 2 16 z 2
16.
1 3

x y y 3x y y 3x

4 xy 4 4x
y
2 3

x y 2 y 3x x 3x 2 y

5 xy 5 5y

x
1 1

x y y x 5 y 5x 5 y

6 xy 6 6x

5y
4
5
x 4 5 x y 5 xy 4 y

5 x 5 5x
y

32
 8
9
8 9 x y 8 y 9 xy
x
6 x 6 6x
y
4 b

2 a 4 ab a 4 ab
a
2 a 2 2 12 a 2 a 12 a 2
12
a
3x 7

x 2
49 x 7 3 x 7( x 7) 2( x 2 49)

1 7 2
x 49 2( x 7) 7( x 7)

x 7 2 x 14
20 x 98

5 x 56
2b 3 2b 3 2b3 3b 12

b 4 b2 b 4 b2 b 2 (b 4)

5 3 5 3 15 20b
2
5b 20 4b 16b 5(b 4) 4b(b 4) 20b(b 4)
2b3 3b 12 4b(b 4) 8b3 12b 48

2
b (b 4) 3 4b 4b 2 3b
1 1 1
a 1 a 1 a 1 a2 1
4
1 a a 3
a a 3
a a 2
1 a 1 a2 1
a
a
2 2 12

1 5 c 5c 5
c c
c 1 6
1
5c

33
 2 x3 8 x
17. A
2 x3 8 x 2 8 x
A x 2 011
2 x3 8 x
A
2 x3 8 x 2 8 x

2 x3 8 x 2 x( x 2 4)
A
2 x 8 x 8 x 2 x( x2 4 x 4)
3 2

( x 2)( x 2) x 2

( x 2) 2 x2
2011 2 2013
x 2 011 A
2011 2 2009
2013
A
2009

rrr2sss

34



1.
. 4( x 5) 2 x 14
4 x 20 2 x 14 2 x 6 x 3
. x 7 2( x 8)
23
x 7 2 x 16 3x 23 x
3
. 3(2 y 1) 8(6 y )
45
6 y 3 48 8 y 14 y 45 y
14
. ( z 12) 5(2 z 1)
7
z 12 10 z 5 11z 7 z
11
. n (8 4n) 2(3n 4)
n 8 4n 6n 8 9n 0 n 0
. (2 m 3) 2 (2 m 5) 4 m ( m 4) 4
4 m 2 12 m 9 2 m 5 4 m 2 16 m 4
6m 0 m 0
. 5 p (8 p ) 2[ 4 (3 5 p ) 13]
5 p 8 p 8 6 10 p 26
32
16 p 32 p 2
16
. [ k (4k 2)] 2 (2k 7)

35
 k 4k 2 2 2k 7 k 7
. 2 4{2 x 3[1 5(1 x)] 1} 0
2 8 x 12(1 5 5 x) 4 0
2 8 x 12 60 60 x 4 0 68 x 42
42 21
x

68 34
. 3( x 2) 2 x 2 2( x 3 3 x 2)
x 3 2 3 2 x 2 2 x 3 6 2 x 2

x 3 2 3 6
2 3 6 6 3 6
x 2 3 2
3 3
. 6(7 x 8) 7(6 x 4) 5(6 7 x) 35( x 1)
42 x 48 42 x 28 30 35x 35x 35
0 x 45
. 8(3 2 p) 16(1 p ) 3( p 4) 20 3 p
24 16 p 16 16 p 3 p 12 20 3 p
0 p 0
2.
5x 9 7 x 3
.
3 8 6 16
80 x 54 56 x 9
80 x 54 56 x 9
48 48 48 48
45 15
24 x 45 x
24 8


36
 2 y 1 5 y 3y 2
. 1
3 4 6
4(2 y 1) 3(5 y ) 12 2(3 y 2)

12 12 12 12
8 y 4 15 3 y 12 6 y 4
11
11y 11 y 1
11
2(3 z 8) 5( z 3) 3( z 8) 17
.
9 3 4 36
8(3z 8) 60( z 3) 27( z 8) 17

36 36 36 36
24 z 64 60 z 180 27 z 216 17
315
63z 315 z 5
63
3t 5 t 12
. 1
8 12
3(3t 5) 2(t 12) 24

24 24 24
9t 15 2t 24 24
15
11t 15 t
11
x4 x4 3x 1
. 2
3 5 15
5( x 4) 3( x 4) 30 3 x 1

15 15 15 15
5 x 20 3 x 12 30 3 x 1

37
 3
x 3 x
3
1
2n 1 1 n
. 1 n
3 2 3
6 4n 3 6n 2(1 n)

6 6 6 6 6
6 4n 3 6n 2 2n
0 n 1
5k 3
. 3k 37
2
6k 5k 3 74
6k 5k 3 74
2 2 2
77
11k 77 k 7
11
3( x 1.6) 8.4 x 4.9
. 2.4 x
5 2
24 x 6( x 1.6) 5(8.4 x 4.9)

10 10 10
24 x 6 x 9.6 42 x 24.5
14.9 14.9
12 x 14.9 x
12 12
3 2 2 7
. x x 0.6 x 0.3 5.8
4 5 3 12
3 2 2 7
x x 0.6 x 0.3 5.8
4 5 3 12
9 8 7 2
x x x 4.9
12 12 12 5

38
 5 53 318 159
x x
6 10 50 25
3 4x 3 5 x 12
. x 1
2 4 6
12 x 18 3(4 x 3) 12 2(5 x 12)

12 12 12 12 12
12 x 18 12 x 9 12 10 x 24
9
10 x 9 x
10
2x 1
. 8( x 2) 3 7 x 3
2
16( x 2) 6 14 x 2 x 1 6

2 2 2 2 2
16 x 32 6 14 x 2 x 1 6
0 x 19
(2 y 1) 2 3( y 2) 2 y ( y 2)
.
4 6 2
3(4 y 2 4 y 1) 6( y 2 4 y 4) 6 y ( y 2)

12 12 12
12 y 2 12 y 3 6 y 2 24 y 24 6 y 2 12 y
0 y 21
( z 2) 2 z ( z 3) (8 z 7)( z 1) 4
.
3 5 15 5

5( z 2 4 z 4) 3 z ( z 3) (8 z 7)( z 1) 12

15 15 15 15

39
 5 z 2 20 z 20 3 z 2 9 z 8 z 2 8 z 7 z 7 12
15
28 z 15 z
28
3.
. x( x 3) 0
x 0 , x 3 0
x 0 , x 3
. ( x 5)( x 1) 0
x 5 0 , x 1 0
x 5 , x 1
. ( x 1) 2 4 0
( x 1 2)( x 1 2) 0

( x 3)( x 1) 0
x 3 , x 1
. 4( x 1) 2 (2 x 3) 2 0
[2( x 1) (2 x 3)][2( x 1) (2 x 3)] 0
5
4 x 5 0 x
4
. x 2 6 x 0
x ( x 6) 0
x 0 , x6
. 2 x 2 2 0

40
 2
x 2 1 x 1 , x 1
2
4.
. x 2 2 x 3 0
x 2 3 x x 3 0
x ( x 3) ( x 3) 0
( x 1)( x 3) 0
x 1 , x 3
. x 2 12 x 32 0
x 2 4 x 8 x 32 0

x( x 4) 8( x 4) 0
( x 4)( x 8) 0
x4 , x8
. y 2 14 5 y
y 2 5 y 14 0

y 2 2 y 7 y 14 0
y ( y 2) 7( y 2) 0
( y 2)( y 7) 0
y 2 , y 7
. x 2 x 3 x 12
x 2 4 x 12 0

x 2 2 x 6 x 12 0
x( x 2) 6( x 2) 0

41
 ( x 2)( x 6) 0
x 2 , x 6
A B
5.
57km
1/ 3h B

10 / 3h 2km / h

V km / h
10 1

3h
3 3
3V 3 2 57
51
3V 57 6 51 V
17
3
17km / h




6.

288km / h
20



480km / h
?
t h

42
 1
20mn h
3
1
288 t
3
480t

1
480t 288 t
3
96 1
480t 288t 96 192t 96 t

192 2
1
h
2
7. 280

4


?
x


280 280
4 x 70
x 4

70
8. A B
50km
A
B

43

2.5

v km / h

2.5v

1h
(50 v ) km
50
A B
h
2.5v
1h

50 v 50
1 125 5v 50
v 2.5v
75
5v 75 v 15
5
2.5 15 37.5km / h

15km / h

37.5km / h
9. 40% 20l
70%

70%
50% ?
V 70%
40% 20l

44
 70% V
50%
40 70 50
20 V. (20 V ).
100 100 100

40 70 50
20 V. (20 V ).
100 100 100
800 70V 1000 50V 20V 200 V 10

V 10l
10.


9%
8 000 000 10%


4 600 000


?

x 9%
9x
9%

100
10( x 8000 000)
10%

100
4 600 000
9 x 10( x 8000 000)
4 600 000
100 100

45
 9 x 10( x 8000 000)
4 600 000
100 100

9 x 10 x 80 000 000 4 60 000 000
19 x 4 60 000 000 80 000 000 380 000 000
380 000 000
x 20 000 000
19
x 8 000 000 20 000 000 8 000 000 28 000 000

9%
20 000 000

10%
28 000 000
11. 30
22
17
03
F
B
F B


x


(22 x ) (17 x ) x 3 30
x 12 , x 12
12.


1
2

46
 1

3
2
4
3
2
?
x

x
2
2
x
2 2 , 2 , x 32
2 16
13. 30%

10%
184800

x


10 30
x 1 1 184800
100 100

184800
0.77 x 184800 , x
240000
0.77
rrr2sss

47



1.

. x 5 3 , 3 x 7 2x
x5 3
(
x 2 x -2 x
3 x 7 2x
)
x4 x 4 x

. 5x 10 , 6 x 12 , 5x 20
5 x 10
[
x2 x 2 x
6 x 12
x2
(
x x
x 2 -2
5 x 20
x 4 )
x x
x4 4
1 x 1 9
. 2 x , , 3 x
3 7 4 2
1
2x
3
]
1 x x
x
6
x 1

7 4 (
x x
7
x
4


48
 9
3x
2
9
x ]
6 x x
3
x
2
. 5x 1 4 , 8x 9 7 , x 1 x 2
5x 1 4
5x 5 x
(
x
x 1
8 x 9 7
8 x 16
16
x ]
8 x x
x2
x 1 x 2
0 x 3
. 3x 5 x 7 , 2 x 11 5x 31
3x 5 x 7
2 x 12 x
)
x
6
x6

49
 2 x 11 5 x 31
7 x 20
20 )
x x x
7
20
x
7
1
. 4 x 9 8x 3 , 2 x 1 2 x
2
4 x 9 8x 3
12 x 12 x
[
x
1
x 1
1
2x 1 2 x
2
2x 1 2x 1
4x 2 x
]
x
1
x
2
2 5 x 1 2x 3
. x 3 x 27 ,
3 3 2 4
2 5
x 3 x 27
3 3
x 30 x
)
x
30
x 30
x 1 2x 3

2 4
2x 2 2x 3

50
 0 x 5
1 2 x 1 3x x 1 1 3 2x
. x ,
4 3 5 2 2
1 2 x 1 3x
x
4 3
12 x 3 6 x 4 12 x
18 x 7 [
x x
7
x
18
x 1 1 3 2x

5 2 2
2 x 2 5 15 10 x
8 x 18 [
x x
9
x
4
2.

2x 3 9 3x 4 8
. ,
2 x 3 5 3 x 4 7
2x 3 9 (1)

2 x 3 5 (2)
(1) 2 x 3 9
2 x 12
x 6 x ]
x
(2) 2 x 3 5
[
x x
2 x 2
[ ]
x 1 x x

51
 1 x 6
3x 4 8 (1)

3x 4 7 (2)
(1) 3 x 4 8

3 x 12
x4 ]
x x

(2) 3 x 4 7 (
3 x 3 x x
( ]
x 1 x x
1 x 4
2 x 5 5 x 4 2 x 3 5 x 1
. ,

x 7 2x 3 x 4 3x 2
2 x 5 5x 4 (1)

x 7 2x 3 (2)
(1) 2 x 5 5 x 4

3 x 9
x3 )
x x

(2) x 7 2 x 3
(
x 4 x x
( )
x 4 x x
4 x 3
2 x 3 5x 1 (1)

x 4 3x 2 (2)
(1) 2 x 3 5 x 1

52
 3 x 2
2
x
3
(2) x 4 3 x 2

2 x 6
x3
2
x
3
3x 2 4 x 3
4 3 2 2x 1 0

. , x
2x 1 3 x 4 2 2 0
4
3x 2 4 x 3
4 3 2 (1)

2 x 1 3x 4 (2)
4
3x 2 4 x 3
(1)
4 3 2
9 x 8 6 4 x 3

12 12 12
9 x 8 24 x 18
15 x 10
2
x
3
(2) 2 x 1
3x 4

4

53
 4 2 x 1 3x 4

4 4
8 x 4 3x 4
5x 0
x0
2
x
3
2x 1 0 (1)

x
2 2 0 (2)
(1) 2 x 1 0

2 x 1
1
x
2
(2)
x
20
2
x
2
2
x 4
x4

3.

40


m2
2m ?
a b

54
 a b 40
2( a b) 2 40

ab

(a b) 2 0 , a 2 2ab b 2 0 , a 2 2ab b 2 4ab

2 (a b)2 402
(a b) 4ab , ab 400m2
4 4
400m 2
4.


a , b , c
a b c

b a c

c a b

a b c a a b c a 2a a b c

b a c b b a c b 2b a b c
c a b c c a b c
2c a b c
abc
a
2

abc
b
2
abc
c
2

55
5. 3
5


x

x
5 3
2

x
5 3 x 10 6 , x 6 10 , x 16
2
x 16
6. 32 12


?
x

32 x 3(12 x)


32 x 2(12 x)
x 0


32 x 3(12 x) 32 x 36 3 x x 2

32 x 2(12 x) 32 x 24 2 x x 8
x 0 x 0 x 0

0 x 8
7. 1
500

20 2 1000
30

56

25
17 500 20 000
500
?
x
500

1000 25 x
500 x 1000(25 x) 17500

500 x 1000(25 x) 20000
x 20 , 25 x 30 , x 0


17500 500 x 1000(25 x ) 20000

17500 25000 500 x 20000 25000

7500 5000
x ,10 x 15
500 500
500

x {10 ,11, 12 ,13,14 ,15}
8. 1
8 00
A

90 B
80
7

84 93 78 87 89 70 81

. A ?

57
 . B ?


B

x
. A
84 93 78 87 89 70 81 x
90
8
x 582 720 , x 138 x 100
A
. B
84 93 78 87 89 70 81 x
80
8
x 582 640 , x 58
B
x 100
58 x 100
9. 3

15m

94m



a b
2( a b ) 94 , a b 47

a 3b 15 (3b 15) b 47 , 4b 32
b 8 bmax 8

58
 a 3(8) 15 39 m

b 8m
10. A B
A
B
5

37



a
A b

B
a b 37 a b 5


2a 42 , a 21 , amax 21 , bmax 21 5 16

A 21

B 16

11.
72



x

x x 2 72

2 x 70 , x 35 x

xmax 35
35 , 37
12.



-
-
1
80 000
400
1km

59
 - 400 000 1


?
x
400 x 80000 400000

400 x 320000 , x 800

800km
13. ABC AB 12cm , AC 3cm

BC ?
3 ( BC
) ?


BC AB AC BC 12 3 BC 15

AB AC BC , 12 3 BC , BC 9
AC AB BC 3 12 BC BC 9

9 BC 15 BC 3
BC 12cm
14.

8
a

2a 8 , a 4


a 4
15.
3cm
15cm 2

60
 24cm 2 ?

(
)
a
15 3a 24 5 a 8



a {5cm , 6cm , 7cm ,8cm}
rrr2sss

61



1.

3 2 1 6 1 7 9 7 10 10 10 3
5 7 2 5 1 6 4 8 1 2 7 1
10 3 5 5 3 7 6 2 10 6 4 3
4 5 5 7
.




. ?
. 10 ?
5 ?
.
9 ?
.
.
.

.
.

1 5 5 40 12.5 12.5 100

2 4 9 35 10 22.5 87.5
3 5 14 31 12.5 35 77.5
4 3 17 26 7.5 42.5 65

62
 5 6 23 23 15 57.5 57.5
6 4 27 17 10 67.5 42.5
7 6 33 13 15 82.5 32.5
8 1 34 7 2.5 85 17.5
9 1 35 6 2.5 87.5 15
10 5 40 5 12.5 100 12.5
40 100

.
40
. 10
5
5
23
57.5%

. 9
6 15%

.

100%
100%
90% 88%
80% 78%
70% 65%
60% 58%
50% 43%
40% 33%
30%
20% 18% 15%
13%
10%
0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

63
2.





x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

f 144 195 130 80 58 45 24 6 3

.
.
?
5 ?
7 ?
.

.


0 144 144 685
1 195 339 541
2 130 469 346
3 80 549 216
4 58 607 136
5 45 652 78
6 24 676 33
7 6 682 9
8 3 685 3
685

.
685

64
 5
652
7
9
.
685
676 682
700 652
607
600 549
500 469

400 339
300
200 144
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3.




x 1 2 3 4 5 6

f 78 1270 680 320 150 133
.

.
x 3

.



1 78 2.96
2 1270 48.27
3 680 25.84

65
 4 320 12.16
5 150 5.70
6 133 5.07
2631 100

1270
1300
1100
900
680
700
500
320
300
150 133
78
100
-100 1 2 3 4 5 6

48%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30% 26%
25%
20%
15% 12%
10% 6% 5%
5% 3%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6

. x 3
3

680
25.84%
4.

66
 25 22 30 45 28 51 30 32 34 33
18 30 15 20 24 17 24 41 38 27
16 25 28 31 41 28 26 15 25 19
32 36 21 18 34 41 53 25 42 41
.

8

5
15 20, 20 25,...
.
.


. 25
.



15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55

7 5 9 9 2 5 1 2

.

10 9 9
8 7
6 5 5
4
2 2
2 1
0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 '55

.
.

67
 15-20 7 7 17.5
20-25 5 12 30
25-30 9 21 52.5
30-35 9 30 75
35-40 2 32 80
40-45 5 37 92.5
45-50 1 38 95
50-55 2 40 100
40

45
40
100% 40 37 38
92.5%
35 32
80% 30
75% 30
25
21
52.5% 20
15 12
30%
10 7
17.5% 5
0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

. 25
25
12
30%
5.

45



10-15

15-20

20-25

25-30

30-35

35-40

40-45
5-10
0-5

()

68

4 5 9 12 15 14 10 8 6
.

45 ?
.

15 ?
?
.

.
.

.

()

0-5 4 4 83 4.81 4.81 100

5-10 5 9 79 6.02 10.83 95.91
10-15 9 18 74 10.84 21.67 89.17
15-20 12 30 65 14.45 36.12 78.33
20-25 15 45 53 18.07 54.19 63.88
25-30 14 59 38 16.87 71.06 45.81
30-35 10 69 24 12.02 83.08 28.94
35-40 8 77 14 9.63 92.71 16.92
40-45 6 83 6 7.29 100 7.29
83 100

45
. 83

69
 15
.
18 65
78.33%

.

90 83
80 77
69
70
59
60
50 45
40
30
30
20 18
9
10 4
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

6.

2 (
)

10-15
15-20
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40
40-45
5-10

() 5

5 1 1 3 2 6 8 12 12
.
?
?
20
.
30 ?
?

70
 .



()
<5 5 5 50
5-10 1 6 45
10-15 1 7 44
15-20 3 10 43
20-25 2 12 40
25-30 6 18 38
30-35 8 26 32
35-40 12 38 24
40-45 12 50 12
50

.
50
45
20 38
.
30

18
.

71

60
50
50

40 38

30 26
20 18
10 12
10 5 6 7
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

7.

85-100
15-35

35-45

45-55

55-70

70-85
5-15

0-5

1 104 65 45 70 135 195 210

12 3010 3645 1700 1175 1800 2400 1179
.



.

.

.
35 ?
?

/ h1 / h2

72
 0-5 1 0.2 12 2.4
5-15 104 10.4 3010 301
15-35 65 3.25 3645 182.25
35-45 45 4.5 1700 170
45-55 70 7 1175 117.5
55-70 135 9 1800 120
70-85 195 13 2400 160
85-100 210 14 1170 78
.



14

14
13
12
10.4
10
9
8 7
6
4.5
4 3.25
2
0.2
0
5 15 35 45 55 70 85

301
300

250

200 182.25 170 160

150
117.5 120
100 78
50
2.4
0
5 15 35 45 55 70 85

73
 / / / /
0-5 1 12 1 12
5-15 104 3010 105 3022
15-35 65 3645 170 6667
35-45 45 1700 215 8367
45-55 70 1175 285 9542
55-70 135 1800 420 11342
70-85 195 2400 615 13742
85-100 210 1170 825 14912
825 14912
.


825

14912
.

35
170
6667
rrr2sss

74

1.







20 20 21 21

22 23 22 23

20 19 21 20

22 23 23 23

27 27 26

20 19 22 20

23 24 24 24




( x ) ( Me ) ( Mo )
20 20 21 21
x 20.5 20 21
4 20.5 20 , 21
2
22 23 22 23
x 22.5 22 23
4 22.5 22 , 23
2
20 19 21 20 20 20
x 20 20 20
4 2
22 23 23 23
x 22.75 23 23
4 23 23
2
27 27 26
x 26.67 27 27
3

75
 20 19 22 20
x 20.5 20 20
4 20 20
2
23 23 23 24
x 23.25 24 24
4 24 24
2
2. kg

4 6 2 10 8 5 1 4
8 10 5 4 3 7 2 4
6 8 7 4 5 3 6 4






1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 10 10

1(22) (32) (46) (53) (63) (72) (83) (102)
x
1 2 2633232
126
x 5.25
24
24 1
12.5
2
1 2 1 3
55
Me 5
2
4 6
3.


x 16 18 19 20 21 30
f 1 4 9 3 2 1


76


16 (18 4) (19 9) (20 3) (21 2) 30
x
1 4 9 3 2 1
391
19.55
20
20 1
10.5
2
1 0 1
1
1
0 1
1 19
19 19
Me 19
2
19 9
4.


.

2 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 10

2 (4 2) (6 6) (8 2) 10 72
x 6
1 2 6 2 1 12
66
Me 6
2
Mo 6
.

2 4 4 4 6 8 10 10 10 10 34 34

2 (4 3) 6 8 (10 4) (34 2) 34
x
1 3 11 4 2 3
8 10
Me 9
2
Mo 10
.



5 5 10 10 10 10 15 15 25 25
30 30 30 30 35 35



(5 2) (10 4) (15 2) (25 2) (30 4) (35 2)
x
242242
320
20
16
15 25
Me 20
2
Mo 10 , Mo 30
5.



0 0 0 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 0 0
4 3 3 1 1 0 5 6 2 2 3 2
2 4 1 6 5 6 0 1 1 2 3 5
1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 4
1 1 0 3 1 1 1 3 3 6 0 0
3 4 1 3 2 3 0 2 4 1 3 4
1 5 6 3

.
.
.

79
 0 11 11 14.47
1 23 34 44.74
2 9 43 56.58
3 18 61 80.26
4 6 67 88.16
5 4 71 93.42
6 5 76 100
76
.
76 1

38.5
2
38 3 9 38
39 2
22
Me 2
2
6.

C 14 14 23 32 35 30 30 29 25 22 18 15
.
.

.
Mo 14 , Mo 30
2
.

80
 14 14 23 32 35 30 30 29 25 22 18 15
x
12
287
23.92 2355
12
7. 1 8 89

2
90

1
89

90 2
90 89 1


8 1 8 8
8.




10-15

15-20

20-25

25-30

30-35
5-10

( mm )
0-5

. 3 15 72 15 91 35 8

.
.
20mm
35mm
.

.

81
 x . f
Xf

0-5 3 3 239 2.5 7.5

5-10 15 18 236 7.5 112.5
10-15 72 90 221 12.5 900
15-20 15 105 149 17.5 262.5
20-25 91 196 134 22.5 2047.5
25-30 35 231 43 27.5 962.5
30-35 8 239 8 32.5 260
239 4552.5
.
20mm
134
35mm
.
20 25 91
239 1

120
2
20 25
4552.5
x 19.04
239
9.



40-45
45-50
50-55
55-60
60-65
65-70
70-75
75-80
80-85
85-90

g

8 11 31 61 54 58 43 25 17 7

82
 .


.


?
.
.


. f
Xf
x
40-45 8 8 315 42.5 340
45-50 11 19 307 47.5 522.5
50-55 31 50 296 52.5 1627.5
55-60 61 111 265 57.5 3507.5
60-65 54 165 204 62.5 3375
65-70 58 223 150 67.5 3915
70-75 43 266 92 72.5 3117.5
75-80 25 291 49 77.5 1937.5
80-85 17 308 24 82.5 1402.5
85-90 7 315 7 87.5 612.5
315 20357.5
.


315
.


20357.5
64.63
315
. 55 60
61

83
 315 1
.
158
2
60 65

350
308 315
300 291
266
250 223
200 165
150
111
100
50
50
8 19
0
0 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

150 200

10.

145-150

150-155

155-160

160-165

165-170

170-175

175-180

cm

31 95 131 272 120 77 48

.
.
.

84
 .
cm
145-150 31 31
150-155 95 126
155-160 131 257
160-165 272 529
165-170 120 649
170-175 77 726
175-180 48 774
774
.

900
800 774
726
700 649
600 529
500
400
300 257
200 126
100 31
0
0 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180

.
774 1

387.5 160 165
2



160 165
rrr2sss


85

1. PHNOM PENH

. P . H . O M . P N



PHNOM PENH 9
. P


P 2

P
cMnnYkrNRIsb 2 22.22%
cnMnYkrNIGac 9
. H


H 2

P
cMnnYkrNRIsb 2 22.22%
cnMnYkrNIGac 9
. O M


O M 2

P
cMnnYkrNRIsb 2 22.22%
cnMnYkrNIGac 9
. P N
P N 4

P
cM
n Y
n krNR
I sb 4
44.44%
cnMnYkrNIGac 9

86
2.



1 21




1 21

?

1 21 11

11
P ()

21

1 21 10

10

P ( )
21


3. 1 4


6 (
)
4

4 2
P 66.67%
6 3
4.


?
S a b
1
S ab
2
S S S

87
 1 1
S ab ab ab
2 2
1 a
ab
1
P ( S ) 2
ab 2 b
1
ab
2 1
P ( S )
ab 2




5.





182 52 234
254 338 592

.

.

. 1200

760

440
?

.
592 592
P ( ) 0.72 72%
234 592 826

88

.
234 234
P () 0.2833 28.33%
234 592 826
.


1200
28.33%

1200 28.33% 340

6. 3 A , B , C




A 1420 74 182 1676
B 846 26 122 994
C 570 41 60 671
2836 141 364 3341
. A
. B C
. A
. B C
. A
B C

89
 . A
74
P 0.022 2.2%
3341
. B C
26 41 67
P 0.02 2%
3341 3341
. A
182
P 0.054 5.4%
3341
. B C
122 60 182
P 0.054 5.4%
3341 3341
1420
. A : P
3341
846 570 1416
B C : P
3341 3341
A
B C
7.
4
HHHH , HTHH , THHH , TTHH
HHHT , HTHT , THHT , TTHT
HHTH , HTTH , THTH , TTTH
HHTT , HTTT , THTT , TTTT
. H
. T

90
 . H
. H
. T

16
. 6
6 3
P ( H ) 0.375 37.5%
16 8
. 4
4 1
P (T ) 0.25 25%
16 4
. 8
8 1
P ( H ) 0.50 50%
16 2
. 1
1
P ( H ) 0.0625 6.25%
16
1 15
. P (T ) 1 P ( H ) 1
16 16
93.75%

8.


2


5

91


2 3
P () 1 P () 1
P () P () 1
5 5
9.



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

6 1 15 12 24 18 16 10 7


.
.
. 4 6
. 6


6 1 15 12 24 18 16 10 7 109
.

6 1 15 12 34
34
P 0.31 31%
109
.
P
6
P
109
6 103
P 1 P 1 0.94 94%
109 109


92
 . 4 6

24 18 16 58
58
P 0.53 53%
109
. 6

10 7 17
17
P 0.156 15.6%
109
10.
4 2
ABCD 2
X Y

.
.
.
AB , AC , AD , BC , BD , CD , AX , AY
BX , BY , CX , CY , DX , DY , XY
XY
1
P 6.67%
15
.
P
P P

93
 1 14
P P 1 , P 1 P 1 93.33%
15 15
11. 6 A , B , C , D , E F

3

4
.
.
. ABC , ABD , ABE , ABF , ACD
ACE , ACF , ADE , ADF , AEF , BCD , BCE , BCF
BDE , BDF , BEF , CDE , CDF , CEF , DEF
A , B , C , D
ABE , ABF , ACE , ACF , ADE , ADF

BCE , BCF , BDE , BDF , CDE , CDF

12
P 0.6 60%
20
. ABC , ABD , ACD , BCD , ABE , ABF
ACE , ACF , ADE , ADF, BCE , BCF , BDE
BDF , CDE , CDF
16
P 0.8
20
80%
12. H

94
 HHH , HHT , HTH , HTT , THH ,
THT , TTH , TTT HHH
1
P 12.5%
8
13. 12

.

1


3
.
. x

x
12 P
12
1


3
x 1
, x4
12 3
.

12 4 8
8 2
P
12 3
14.
3 2

2




A B C
X Y AB, AC , AX , AY , BC , BX ,


95
 BY , CX , CY , XY XY
1
P
10
15.


A1 , A2 , B
A

A1 A1 , A1 A2 , A1 B , A2 A1 , A2 A2 , A2 B , BA1 , BA2 , BB
A1 A1 , A1 A2 , A2 A1 , A2 A2
4
A P 0.44
9
16.

15

3


5

.

.


2


3
. x

15
15 P
x

96
 3


5
15 3
, x 25
25 15 10
x 5
. y

2


3
15 y 2
, 45 3 y 50 2 y , y 5
25 y 3

rrr2sss

97


1.
. (9, 2) (6, 8)

AB (6 9)2 (8 2)2 (3)2 62

9 36 45 3 5
. (5 , 3) (2 , 4)

AB (2 5)2 (4 3)2 (7)2 72

49 49 98 7 2
. (2 , 5) (0 , 0)

AB (0 2)2 (0 5)2 (2)2 (5)2

4 25 29
. (6 , 3) (2 , 1)

AB (2 6)2 (1 3)2 82 42
64 16 80 4 5
. (8 , 7) (8 , 6)

AB (8 8)2 (6 7)2 02 (13)2

169 13
. (3 , 12) (7 , 12)

AB (7 3)2 (12 12)2 42 02

16 4
. (100 , 203) (97 , 200)

98
 AB (97 100)2 (200 203)2 (3)2 32
9 9 18 3 2
. (3 , 8) (4 , 7)

AB (4 3)2 (7 8)2 (1)2 (1)2

1 1 2
(3 , 1)
2.
(2 , 5)

d
r

d (2 3)2 (5 1)2
25 16 41

d 41
r
2 2
3. PQRS
P(2 , 3) , Q(5 , 5) , R(6 , 6) S (3 , 3)

PQRS

PR (6 2)2 (6 3)2
145

99
 QS (3 5)2 (3 5) 2
8 2

4. KLM K (2 , 8) , L(10 , 11)

M (5 , 0)

KLM

KM (5 2)2 (0 8)2
73

KL (10 2)2 (11 8)2

73

KM KL 73
KLM

100
5. ABC A(3, 7), B(5, 2)
C (7, 3)
ABC



ABC

BC 2 (7 5)2 (3 2)2 144 1 145

AC 2 (7 3) 2 (3 7) 2 100 16 116
AB 2 (5 3) 2 (2 7) 2 4 25 29
ABC

AB AC BC 29 116 145 3 29 145

ABC
AB 2 AC 2 29 116 145 BC 2 145
2 2 2

AB AC BC 145
ABC A
ABC
1 1
SABC AB AC 29 2 29 29
2 2
6. y
(4 , 2) (4 , y )
5
(4 , 2)
5
(4 , y )

101
 (4 4)2 ( y 2)2 5 ( y 2) 2 25
y 2 25 5 y 7 , y 3
y y 3 , y 7

1
7. C ( x , 1)
A(1 , 1) , B(4 , 7) C ( x , 1)
AB AC
( x , 1)
1 x

ABC AB AC

(4 1)2 (7 2) 2 ( x 1) 2 (1 1) 2

45 ( x 1) 2 , 3 5 x 1 , x 3 5 1
( x , 1) (3 5 1 , 1)
8. (3 , 2) , (9 , 2)
(3 , 10)
.

.
?
.
A(3 , 2) , B(9 , 2)
C (3 , 10)

ABC

102
 AB (9 3)2 (2 2)2 144 0 12
AC (3 3)2 (10 2)2 36 64 10
BC (3 9)2 (10 2)2 36 64 10
. AC BC 10 ABC

9. (1, 2) , (5 , 2) ,
(1 , 4) (5 , 4)
.
. ?
. A(1 , 2) , B(5 , 2) , C (1 , 4)
D(5 , 4)

AB (5 1)2 (2 2)2 6

AC (1 1) 2 (4 2)2 6

BD (5 5)2 (4 2)2 6

CD (5 1)2 (4 4)2 6
AD (5 1) 2 (4 2) 2 6 2

BC (1 5) 2 (4 2) 2 6 2
. ABCD AB AC BD CD 6
AD BC 6 2
ABDC

10. (2 , 1), (6 , 4),
(2, 9) (2, 4)
.
.
. A(2 , 1) , B(6 , 4) , C (2 , 9)
D(2 , 4)
AB (6 2) 2 (4 1) 2
16 25 41
BC (2 6) 2 (9 4)2
16 25 41
CD (2 2)2 (4 9) 2
16 25 41
AD (2 2)2 (4 1)2
16 25 41
AC (2 2)2 (9 1)2 100 10
BD (2 6)2 (4 4)2 64 8
. ABCD
AB BC CD AD 41
AC 10 BD 8 ABCD
11. (2, 3), (3,1), (5, 1)
(4 , 3) ?

 A(2 , 3) , B(3 , 1) , C (5 , 1)
D(4 , 3)
AB (3 2)2 (1 3)2 1 16 17
BC (5 3) 2 (1 1) 2
64 4 68 2 17
CD (4 5) 2 (3 1) 2
1 16 17
AD (4 2) 2 (3 3)2
36 36 6 2
AC (5 2)2 (1 3)2 49 4 53
BD (4 3)2 (3 1)2 49 4 53
AC BD 53 AB CD 17
AD 6 2 BC 2 17
ABDC
12. [ AB]


. A(5, 8) B(5, 12) . A(5, 2) B(5, 14)
M ( x , y )
[ AB]
x A xB 5 5
. x 5 ,
2 2

 y A y B 8 12
y 10
2 2
[ AB] M (5, 10)
5 5
. x 5 ,
2
2 14
y 8
2
[ AB]
M (5, 8)
13.

[ AB]


. A(3, 5) B(7, 5)
. A( 8, 6) B(4, 2)
. A(3t 5, 7) B(t 7 , 7) , (t 1)
. A(a , b) B(a , c)
M ( x , y ) [ AB]

3 7 5 5
. M , M (2, 5)
2 2
8 4 6 2
. M , M (2, 2)
2 2
3t 5 t 7 7 7
. M , M (2 t 6, 0)
2 2

 aa bc bc
. M , M a ,
2 2 2
14. M
A(3, 1) B(5, 7) AM BM
M ( x , y ) [ AB]
x x B 3 5 y y B 1 7
x A 1 , y A 3
2 2 2 2
M (1 , 3)

AM BM ( x x A )2 ( y y A )2
(1 3)2 (3 1)2 4 2
15. M (1, 2) [ AB]
A(2, 2) B
M (1, 2) [ AB]
x xB 2 xB
x A 1 xB 4
2 2
y yB 2 yB
y A 2 yB 6
2 2
B(4 , 6)
F (2, 6)
16.
V (3,8) T
[TV ]

F ( 2, 6) [TV ]

107
 xT xV
xF
2
x 3
2 T xT 7
2
y yV
yF T
2
y 8
6 T yT 4
2
T (7 , 4)
17. (1, 1) , (2, 3),
(3, 1) (2, 5)
?
A(1 , 1) , B(2 , 3) , C (3 , 1)
D(2 , 5)

M [ AD]
1 2 1 5 1
M , M , 2
2 2 2
N [ BC ]
2 3 3 1 1
N , N , 2
2 2 2
1 1
M , 2 N , 2
2 2
M N

18. E (5,3), F (5, 5) , G (3, 3)
H (1,5) A , B , C
D [ EF ], [ FG],[GH ] [ EH ]
ABCD ?
A [ EF ]
x xF y E y F 55 35
A E , A , A(5, 1)
2 2 2 2
B [ FG ]
x xG yF yG 5 3 5 3
B F , B , B(1, 4)
2 2 2 2
C [GH ]
x xH yG yH 3 1 3 5
C G , C , C (2, 1)
2 2 2 2
D [ EH ]
xE xH y E y H 5 1 3 5
D , D , D(2, 4)
2 2 2 2
ABCD

AB (1 5)2 (4 1)2 16 9 25 5
CD (2 2)2 (4 1)2 16 9 25 5
BC (2 1) 2 (1 4)2
9 25 34
AD (2 5) 2 (4 1) 2
9 25 34


109
 AC (2 5) 2 (1 1) 2
49 4 53
BD (2 1)2 (4 4)2
1 64 65
AB CD 5
BC AD 34
AC 53 BD 65
ABCD
19. A(3, 2) , B (9, 2) ,
C (9, 6) D(3, 6)


K , L , M N
ABCD
39 2 2
K , K (6, 2)
2 2
99 26
L , L(9, 4)
2 2
93 66
M , M (6 , 6)
2 2
33 2 6
N , N (3, 4)
2 2
KL (9 6)2 (4 2)2 9 4 13

 LM (6 9)2 (6 4)2 9 4 13
MN (3 6)2 (4 6)2 9 4 13
AN (3 6)2 (4 2)2 9 4 13
KM (6 6)2 (6 2)2 16 4
LN (3 9)2 (4 4)2 36 6
KL LM MN AN 13
KM 4 LN 6
KLMN
20. P(3, 2) ,
Q ( 1, 5) , R (3,1) S (5, 4)
A , B , C D
[ PQ],[QR],[ RS ] [ SP ]
ABCD

3 1 2 5 3
A , A 2,
2 2 2
1 3 5 1
B , B 1,3
2 2
3 5 1 4 3
C , C 4 ,
2 2 2
3 5 2 4
D , D 1, 3
2 2

 2
3 9 3 5
AB 1 2 2
3 9
2 4 2
2
3 9 3 5
CD 1 4 2
3 9
2 4 2
2
3 81 3 13
BC 4 1 3 9
2

2 4 2
2
3 81 3 13
AD 1 2 2
3 9
2 4 2
2
3 3
AC 4 2 2
36 9 3 5
2 2
BD 1 12 3 32 36 6
3 5 3 13
AB CD BC AD
2 2
AC 3 5 BD 6
ABCD
21. [ P1 P2 ] P1 ( x1 , y1 ) P2 ( x2 , y2 )
A B
[ P1 P2 ]
x1 xB y1 yB
A x A , y A A ,
2 2
x x y y2
B xB , y B B A 2 , A
2 2

112
 x A x2
x1
x1 x B 2 2 x x2 x A
x A 1
2 2 4

y A y2
y1
y 1 y y B 2 2 y y2 y A
1
A
2 2 4
2 x1 x2
Ax
4 x A 2 x1 x2 x A 3

4 y A 2 y1 y2 y A y 2 y1 y2
A 3


2 x1 x2
x2
x A x2 3
xB
2 2

2 y1 y2
y2
y A y y 2 3

B
2 2
2 x1 4 x2 x1 2 x2
Bx
6 3

y 2 y1 4 y2 y1 2 y2
B 6 3
2 x1 x2 2 y1 y2
A ,
3 3
x 2 x2 y1 2 y2
B 1 ,
3 3

 x1 x2 y1 y2
22. P1 ( x1 , y1 ) , Pm ,
2 2
P2 ( x2 , y2 ) P1 Pm Pm P2 P1 P2
P1 Pm Pm P2 P1 P2
2 2
x x y y2
P1 Pm 1 2 x1 1 y1
2 2
2 2
x x y y
2 1 2 1
2 2
1
( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2
2
2 2
x x y y2
Pm P2 x2 1 2 y2 1
2 2
2 2
x x y y
2 1 2 1
2 2
1
( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2
2
1
P1 Pm Pm P2 ( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2
2
1
( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2
2
( x2 x1 )2 ( y2 y1 )2
P1 P2 ( x2 x1 )2 ( y2 y1 )2
P1 Pm Pm P2 P1 P2

114
 AB
23. A(1, 0) B(3, 2)

.
I
. M

5
, y
2
M M

?
.
I
I [ AB]
[ AB]
x xB y A y B 1 3 0 2
I A , I , I 2 ,1
2 2 2 2
. M

M
I

M
IA
2
5
IA IM (1 2) 2 (0 1) 2 2 ( y 1) 2
2
1 1 2
2 ( y 1) 2
2 ( y 1)
4 4
1 7 7 7
( y 1) 2 2 y 1
4 4 4 2
7 7
y 1 , y 1
2 2

 M

5 7
() M , 1
2 2

()
5 7
M , 1
2 2
rrr2sss

116

1.
. a 2 , 4 , 1
y ax b a 2
( 4 , 1)
1 4a b
b 1 4a 1 2 4 9

y 2x 9
x -3 -2
y 3 5
2
. a , 1 ,5
3
2
y ax b a
3
(1 , 5)
5 a (1) b
2 17
b 5a 5
3 3

2 17
y x
3 3
x 1 4
y 5

2.
. (3 , 1) , (5 , 4)
y2 y1 4 1 3

x2 x1 5 3 2
. (3 , 0) , (3 , 6)
y y1 6 0 6
2 1
x2 x1 3 3 6
. (2 , 1) , (4 , 4)
y y1 4 1 3 3
2
x2 x1 4 2 2 2
. (1 , 4) , (4 , 2)
y y1 2 4 6
2 2
x2 x1 4 1 3
3.
. 6 , 1 , 6 , 2

y2 y1 y y 1

x2 x1 x x1
2 1 y 1

66 x6
3 x 6 12 y 1
3x 18 12 y 12
4 y x 2
1 1
y x
4 2


118
 7.5 x 3 y 5
7.5 x 3 y 15
y 2.5 x 5

4.


0.8%


80% 2000


2008
- x
2000 x 0
- y

y 80 x 0
0.8%

y ax b , y 0.8 x b
x 0 , y 80 y 0.8 x 80
2008 x 8


0.8(8) 80 80 6.4 73.6%

5.
1992
38% 1992

15.5% 2007

121
 -
3
x 0 y (0) 3 3
2
7.
?
. 2 x 3 y 11 . 4 x 8 y 1 0
2
. y x 1
3
2 11
. 2 x 3 y 11 y x
3 3
2

3
1 1 1
. 4 x 8 y 1 0 y x
2 8 2
2 2
. y x 1
3 3
2
2 x 3 y 11 y x 1
3
2

3
8.

. y x 4 a 1 x y 5 0
y x 5 a 1
a a 1
. y 2 x 3 a 2

126
 1 1 1
x 2 y 1 0 y x a
2 2 2
1
a a a a 2 1
2

. 3 x y 4 0 y 3 x 4 a 3
y 2 3( x 1) y 3x 5 a 3
a a 3
5 5
. 2 y 5 x 6 y x 3 a
2 2
5 1 5
5 x 2 y 1 0 y x a
2 2 2
a a
9. ?

1
. y 3 x 1 , y x
3
1 1
y 3x 1 a 3 y x a
3 3
1
a a 3 1
3
. y 2 x 5 , x 2 y 6 0
1
y 2 x 5 a 2 x 2 y 6 0 y x 3
2

1 1
a a a 2 1
2 2

127

. y 5 x 4 , x 5 y 1 0
y 5 x 4 a 5 x 5 y 1 0
1 1 1 1
y x a a a 5 1
5 5 5 5

10.
. y 3 x 4 5 , 1
y ax b
y 3 x 4 a a 3
(5 , 1) 1 5a b
b 1 5a 1 5(3) 14
y 3 x 14
. 3 x 2 y 5 0 2 , 4
y ax b
3 5 3
3 x 2 y 5 0 , y x a a
2 2 2
( 2 , 4) 4 2a b
3
b 4 2a 4 2 7
2
3
y x7
2
. 2 x 2 y 9 0
5
, 0
3

128
 y ax b
9
2 x 2 y 9 0 , y x a a 1
2
5 5
, 0 a (0) b
3 3
5
b
3
5
y x
3
. x 5 y 6 0 0 , 0
y ax b
1 1
x 5 y 6 0 , y x 6 a a
5 5
(0 , 0) 0 a (0) b
1
b 0 y x
5
11.
1
. y x4 5 , 0
2
y ax b
1 1
y x 4 a 1 , a 2
2 2
(5 , 0) 0 5a b
b 0 5a 5(2) 10
y 2 x 10
. x y 5 0 0 , 0

129
 y ax b
x y 6 0 , y x 6
a 1 1 , a 1 (0 , 0)
0 a (0) b b 0
y x
. 8 x 3 y 1 0 1 , 4
y ax b
8 1
8 x 3 y 1 0 , y x
3 3
8 3
a 1 , a (1 , 4)
3 8
3 35
4 a b b 4 a 4
8 8
3 35
y x
8 8
2
. y x 6 4 ,
3
y ax b
y x 6 a ( 1) 1 , a 1
2
4 ,
3
2 2 2 10
a 4 b b 4a 4(1)
3 3 3 3
10
y x
3

130
12. . d1 A 3 , 5
2

. d 2 : y (m 1) x 2
d 2 d1 m d 2
m
d1 ? m

. B 6 , 0
A B yy
. d1 y ax b d1
a 2 A( 3 , 5)
5 3a b , b 5 3a 5 3(2) 1
d1 y 2 x 1
d 2 d1
. m
d1 y 2 x 1 a 2 d 2
y (m 1) x 2 d 2 d1
m 1 2 , m 1
3
d 2 d1
2 (m 1) 1 , m
2
m
m 1 d 2 : y 2 x 2
3 1
m d 2 : y x 2
2 2

131
 d 2 d 2

x 0 1
y 2 0

x 0 -4
y' 2

. A
B
yB y A y y A

xB x A x xA
05 y 5

63 x3
5( x 3) 9( y 5)
5 x 15 9 y 45
5 10
y x
9 3
10
x 0 , y
3
A 0 , 6 , B 3 , 0
13.
C 6 , 0
. AB AC
. D C
AB
. D B
AC

 . AB AC
AB
yB y A y y A 06 y6

xB x A x xA 3 0 x 0
6 x 3( y 6) 6 x 3 y 18
y 2x 6
AC
yC y A y y A 06 y6

xC x A x xA 60 x0
6 x 6( y 6) 6 x 6 y 36
y x 6
. D
D y ax b AB
1
2 a 1 , a C (6 , 0)
2
1
0 6a b , b 6a 6 3
2
1
D y x 3
2
. D
D y ax b AC
a 1 B ( 3 , 0)
0 3a b , b 3a 3 1 3
D y x 3

133
14. .

A 6 , 2 B 2 , 2
AB
. C 2 , 6 CAB

. C2 C AB
. C2 M 5 , 3
. A 6 , 2 B 2 , 2
yB y A y y A 2 2 y 2

xB x A x xA 26 x6
4( x 6) 4( y 2) x 6 y 2
y x4
AB I
AB AB
x x y y 62 22
I A B , A B I , I (4 , 0)
2 2 2 2
y ax b
AB a 1 1 , a 1 I
0 4a b , b 4a 4(1) 4
AB y x 4
. CAB

134
 xC xA yC y A 2 6 6 2
2 2 2 2
CA
64 16 80 4 5
xC xA yC y A 2 2 6 2
2 2 2 2
CB
16 64 80 4 5
CA CB 4 5 CAB
. C2
C2 y ax b AB
a 1
C2 C ( 2, 6)
6 2a b , b 6 2a 6 2(1) 8
C2 y x 8
. C2 M 5 , 3
M 5 , 3
C2
3 5 8 C2 M 5 , 3
A 6 , 0 , B 6 , 0
15.
C 3 , 9
. ABC
. ABC
. ABC
AB :
yB y A y y A 00 y0

xB x A x x A 66 x6
6y 0 , y 0

135
 AC :
yC y A y y A 90 y0

xC x A x x A 3 6 x 6
9 y 9( x 6) , y x 6
BC :
yC y B y y B 90 y0

xC xB x xB 36 x 6
3 y 9( x 6) , y 3 x 18
. ABC
AB : AB
x x y yB 6 6 0 0
I A B , A I , I 0, 0
2 2 2 2
AB AB
x 0
AC : AC
x A xC y A yC 6 3 0 9 3 9
I , I , I ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
AC a 1 1 , a 1
9 3 9 3 9 3
I a b , b a (1) 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
AC y x 3
BC : BC
xB xC y B yC 63 09 9 9
I , I , I ,
2 2 2 2 2 2

136
 1
BC a (3) 1 , a
3
9 9 9 9 9 91
I ab , b a 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 3
AC y 1 x 3
3
16. a , 6 2 , a
4 x 2 y b
a b
a , 6 2 , a 4 x 2 y b
4a 2(6) b 4a 12 b

4(2) 2 a b 8 2a b
4a 12 8 2a , 2a 4 , a 2
b 4a 12 4( 2) 12 4
a 2 , b 4

4 x 2 y 4 y 2 x 2
y 2 x 2
x 0 1
y 2

17.
1973
47% 1990

38%

 x
x 0 1970
x y
x 0 1970
x 3 1973 x 20 1990
y
y 47 x 3 y 38 x 20
38 47 9
y ax b a
20 3 17
b
9 772
x 3, y 47 , 47 3 b , b
17 17
9 772
y x
17 17
rrr2sss

138



1.

?
x y 8
. 3 , 5
x y 2
3 (5) 8
(3, 5)

3 5 2
2x y 3
. 2 , 1
x 2 y 4
2(2) 1 3
(2, 1)
2 2(1) 4

y 3x
. 0 , 0
x y 3
0 3(0)
(0, 0)

0 0 3

x y 3
. 5 , 2
2 x 2 y 6
52 8
(5, 2)

2(5) 2(2) 6

2.

139
 x 4y 1 (1)
.
x y 4 (2)
(1) (2)
x 4 y 1 (1)
x 0 1
y -1/4 0
x y 4 (2)
x 0 -4
y 4 0

3, 1
3, 1

y2 0 (1)
.
x 3 0 (2)
(1) (2)
y 2 0 (1)

y2
x 3 0 (2)

x 3
3, 2
3, 2

2 x 3 y 13 (1)
.
x 2 y 8 (2)

 (1) (2)
2 x 3 y 13 (1)
x 0 13/2
y -13/3 0
x 2 y 8 (2)
x 0 8
y -4 0

2, 3
2, 3

y 3x (1)
.
x y 4 (2)
(1) (2)
y 3 x (1)
x 0 1
y 0 3
x y 4 (2)
x 0 4
y 4 0

1 , 3
1 , 3

2x y 6 (1)
.
y 8 2x (2)

 (1) (2)
2 x y 6 (1)
x 0 3
y 6 0
y 8 2 x (2)
x 0 4
y 8 0

x y 1 (1)

. x y
2 2 2 (2)

(1) (2)
x y 1 (1)
x 0 1
y 1 0
x y
2 (2)
2 2
x 0 4
y 4 0

 x y 3 (1)

. 7 2x
y (2)
2
(1) (2)
x y 3 (1)
x 0 3
y 3 0
7 2x
y (2)
2
x 0 7/2
y 7/2 0



y 7x (1)
.
x y 3 (2)
(1) (2)
y 7 x (1)
x 0 7
y 7 0
x y 3 (2)
x 0 3
y -3 0
5 , 2
5 , 2

3.

2 x 2 y 2 (1)
.
5 x 2 y 9 (2)
2 x 2 y 2

5x 2 y 9
7x 7 , x 1

x 1
(1)
4
2(1) 2 y 2 , 2 y 4 , y 2
2
(1 , 2)

2 x 2 y 8 (1)
.
2 x y 5 (2)
2x 2 y 8 2x 2 y 8
,
2 x y 5 2 4 x 2 y 10
6 x 18 , x 3

x 3
(1)
2
2(3) 2 y 8 , 2 y 2 , y 1
2
(3 , 1)

3x 3 y 9 (1)
.
4 x 3 y 16 (2)
3x 3 y 9

4 x 3 y 16
7 x 7 , x 1

144

x 1
(1)
12
3(1) 3 y 9 , 3 y 12 , y 4
3
( 1 , 4)

8 x 3 y 17 (1)
.
7 x 6 y 2 (2)
8 x 3 y 17 2 16 x 6 y 34
,
7 x 6 y 2 7 x 6 y 2
9 x 36 , x 4

x 4
(1)
15
8(4) 3 y 17 , 3 y 15 , y 5
3
(4 , 5)

7 x 10 y 1 (1)
.
3 x 2 y 13 (2)
7 x 10 y 1 7 x 10 y 1
,
3 x 2 y 13 5 15 x 10 y 65
22 x 66 , x 3

x 3 (1)
20
7(3) 10 y 1 , 10 y 20 , y 2
10
(3 , 2)

4 x 3 y 15 (1)
.
8 x 2 y 10 (2)

145
 4 x 3 y 15 2 8 x 6 y 30
,
8 x 2 y 10 3 24 x 6 y 30
32 x 0 , x 0

x 0
(1)
15
4(0) 3 y 15 , 3 y 15 , y 5
3
(0 , 5)

2 x 8 y 1 (1)
.
10 x 4 y 16 (2)
2 x 8 y 1 5 10 x 40 y 5
,
10 x 4 y 16 10 x 4 y 16
1
44 y 11 , y
4
1

y
(1)
4
1 3
2 x 8 1 , 2 x 3 , x
4 2
3 1
,
2 4
5x 3 y 9 0 5 x 3 y 9 (1)
.
3 x 4 y 17 0 3 x 4 y 17 (2)
5 x 3 y 9 4 20 x 12 y 36
,
3 x 4 y 17 3 9 x 12 y 51
29 x 87 , x 3

x 3
(1)

146
 5(3) 3 y 9 , 3 y 6 , y 2
(3 , 2)
6 x 5 2 x 7 y 4 x 7 y 5 (1)
.
2x 5 y 6 2 x 5 y 6 (2)
4x 7 y 5 4x 7 y 5
,
2 x 5 y 6 (2) 4 x 10 y 12
17 y 17 , y 1

y 1
(1)
2 1
4 x 7(1) 5 , 4 x 2 , x
4 2
1
, 1

2
4 x 3 y 9 (1)
.
3 x 5 y 7 (2)
4 x 3 y 9 5 20 x 15 y 45
,
3 x 5 y 7 3 9 x 15 y 21
66
11x 66 , x 6
11

x 6
(1)
15
4(6) 3 y 9 , 3 y 15 , y 5
3
(6 , 5)

3x 4 y 1 (1)
.
7 x 9 y 0 (2)

147
 3 x 4 y 1 7 21x 28 y 7
,
7 x 9 y 0 ( 3) 21x 27 y 0
y 7

y 7
(1)
27
3x 4(7) 1 , 3x 27 , x 9
3
(9 , 7)

4 x 2 y 19 (1)
.
6 x 3 y 1.5 (2)
4 x 2 y 19 3 12 x 6 y 57
,
6 x 3 y 1.5 ( 2) 12 x 6 y 3
5
24 x 60 , x
2
5

x
(1)
2
5 9
4 2 y 19 , 2 y 9 , y
2 2
5 9
,
2 2
4.

x 2 y 16 (1)
.
4 x y 1 (2)
(1) x 2 y 16 , x 2 y 16
x 2 y 16

(2)

4(2 y 16) y 1 , 8 y 64 y 1 , 9 y 63 , y 7


148

y 7
(1)

x 2( 7) 16 , x 16 14 2
2 , 7

x 2 y 6 (1)
.
4 x 3 y 4 (2)
(1) x 2 y 6 , x 6 2 y

x 6 2 y
(2)
4(6 2 y ) 3 y 4 , 24 8 y 3 y 4
5 y 20 , y 4

y 4 (1)

x 2(4) 6 , x 6 8 2
2 , 4
y 4 x 5 (1)
.
2 x 3 y 13 (2)
(1) y 4 x 5 y 4 x 5
(2)
2 x 3(4 x 5) 13 , 2 x 12 x 15 13
14 x 28 , x 2

x 2 (1)

y 4(2) 5 3
2 , 3

5 x y 23 (1)
.
3x y 15 (2)
(1) 5 x y 23 , y 5 x 23

149

y 5 x 23
(2)

3x (5 x 23) 15 , 2 x 8 , x 4

x 4
(1)

5(4) y 23 , 20 y 23 , y 3
4 , 3

2 x y 2 (1)
.
2 x 3 y 6 (2)
(1) 2 x y 2 , y 2 x 2

y 2 x 2
(2)

2 x 3(2 x 2) 6 , 2 x 6 x 6 6 , 8 x 0 , x 0

x 0 (1)

2(0) y 2 , y 2
0 , 2

x 5 y 11 (1)
.
4 x y 2 (2)
(1) x 5 y 11 , x 11 5 y

x 11 5 y
(2)
4(11 5 y ) y 2 , 44 20 y y 2
21y 42 , y 2

y 2 (1)

x 5(2) 11 , x 11 10 1
1 , 2

150
 2 x 3 y 11 (1)
.
3 x 3 y 18 (2)
(2) 3 x 3 y 18 , x 6 y

x 6 y
(1)

2(6 y ) 3 y 11 , 12 2 y 3 y 11 , y 1

y 1 (1)
2 x 3(1) 11 , 2 x 14 , x 7
(7 , 1)

5 x 3 y 4 (1)
.
4 x 2 y 1 (2)
1
(2) 4 x 2 y 1 , 2 y 4 x 1 , y 2 x
2
1

y 2x
(1)
2
1 3
5x 3 2 x 4 , 5x 6 x 4
2 2
11 1
11x , x
2 2
1

x (2)
2
1 1
4 2y 1 , 2 2y 1 , 2y 1 , y
2 2
1 1
,
2 2

151
 5 x 7 y 3 (1)
.
2 x 14 y 2 (2)
(2) 2 x 14 y 2 , x 7 y 1

x 7 y 1
(1)
5(7 y 1) 7 y 3 , 35 y 5 7 y 3
2
28 y 8 , y
7
2
y (1)
7
2
5 x 7 3 , 5 x 5 , x 1
7
1 ,
2

7
3x 6 y 6 (1)
.
2 x 2 y (2)
(2) 2 x 2 y , x y
x y
(1)
2
3y 6 y 6 , 9 y 6 , y
3
2
x y
3
2 2
,
3 3
x 10 y (1)

. 1
2 x 3 y 2 (2)
x 10 y (2)

152
 1
10 y 3 y 2 , 5 y 3 y 2 , 2 y 2 , y 1
2

y 1 (1)

x 10(1) 10
10 , 1

x 7 y (1)

. 1
4 x 1 y (2)
(1) x 7 y , x y 7

x y 7
(2)
1
( y 7) 1 y , y 7 4 4 y , 3 y 3 , y 1
4

y 1 (1)
x 7 1 , x 8
8 , 1


5. . m
4 x 6 y 12

2 x my 5


4 6 12
4m 12 , m 3
2 m 5
12 x 3my 1

4x 2 y 3

153
 12 3m 1
12m 24 , m 2
4 2 3

. m n

mx ny 10

4x 3y 5


m n 10

4 3 5
m 10
4 5 5m 40 m 8
, ,
n 10 5 n 30 n 6

3 5
6 x y 30

1
n 1 x y nm
3


6 1 30 6 30
, 3
n 1 1 n m n 1 n m
3
6
n 1 3 3n 3 6 n 3
, ,
30 3 3n 3m 30 m 7
n m
6. 2
3 21000

154
 3 2

19 000
?


2 3 21000
3 2 19000


x y

2 x 3 y 21000 (1)


3x 2 y 19000 (2)

2 x 3 y 21000 4 x 6 y 42000
,
3 x 2 y 19000 9 x 6 y 57000
5 x 15000, x 3000
3(3000) 2 y 19000 , 2 y 10000 , y 5000
x 3000 y 5000

2 x 3 y 2(3000) 3(5000) 6000 15000 21000
3 x 2 y 3(3000) 2(5000) 9000 10000 19000
7. 8000

11

155
 500 1000




8000
11

500 1000


x
500 y

1000
x y 11


500 x 1000 y 8000

x y 11 x y 11 5x 5 y 55
, ,
500 x 1000 y 8000 5x 10 y 80 5x 10 y 80
5 y 25, y 5
x 5 11 , x 6
x 6 , y 5

x y 6 5 11
500 x 1000 y 500(6) 1000(5) 3000 5000 8000



8.

156
 7m
1m







7m


1m



x y
x 1 y 7


x
2 1 y

x 1 y 7
x y 6 x y 6
x , ,
2 1 y x 2 y 2 x 2 y 2
y 8
x 8 6 , x 6 8 14
x 14 , y 8
110m 5m
9.
2m
150m2

157


110m

5m 2m
2
150m

x y

2( x y ) xy
2( x y ) 110


( x 5)( y 2) xy 150

2( x y ) 110 x y 55
,
( x 5)( y 2) xy 150 2 x 5 y 140
2 x 2 y 110

2 x 5 y 140
3 y 30 , y 10
x 10 55 , x 55 10 45
x 45m , y 10m
10. 20$ H P
H 6 P 4 1.5$

H 2 P 5 1$

H 4 P 4 ?

158
 20$
H 6 P 4 1.5$

H 2 P 5 1$

H 4 P 4
x H y P
6 x 4 y 20 1.5


2 x 5 y 20 1

6 x 4 y 20 1.5 6 x 4 y 18.5
,
2 x 5 y 20 1 2 x 5 y 19
6 x 4 y 18.5

6 x 15 y 57
11y 38.5 , y 3.5
6 x 4(3.5) 18.5 , 6 x 4.5 , x 0.75
H 4 P 4
4(0.75) 4(3.5) 3 14 17 20 17 3$

3$
11.

22



246





22



246

159


x
y

x y 22


2 x 3 y 246

x y 22 2 x 2 y 44
,
2 x 3 y 246 2 x 3 y 246
5 y 202 , y 40.4
x 40.4 22 , x 22 40.4 62.4
x 62.4 , y 40.4
3
12.

490

7





490
3


7


x
y

x y 490


x 3
y 7

160
 x y 490
x y 490 3 x 3 y 1470
x 3 , ,
y 7 7 x 3 y 0 7 x 3 y 0

10 x 1470 , x 147
147 y 490 , y 490 147 343
x 147 , y 343
5
13.



4
324



5



4

324


x
y

x 5
y 4


( x y ) 2 324


x 5 x y x y
y 4 x y (1)
, 5 4 5 4
( x y ) 2 324 x y 18 (2)

x y 18

161
 x y
x y 18
5 4
x 5(18) 90 y 4(18) 72

x y 18
x y
x y 18
5 4
x 5 18 90 y 4 18 72

( x 90 , y 72) , ( x 90 , y 72)
14. ABC 192m

BC , CA , AB

2.5 2 1.5


192m

2.5 2 1.5
BC , CA , AB
a BC , b AC c
AB
a b c

a b c 192

a b c

2.5 2 1.5

162
 a 192
2.5 32
6
a b c 192
b 192
a b c abc , 32

2.5 2 1.5 2 6
6
c 192
1.5 32
6
a 32(2.5) 80

b 32(2) 64
c 32(1.5) 48

BC 80m , AC 64m , AB 48m
15. 36

25

81


36
25

81


x
y

x y 36

x 2 25


y 81

163
 x y 36 x y 36 x y 36 (1)
2
x 25 , x 5 , 5
y x y (2)
y 81 9 9
5 5 4
(2) x y y y 36 , y 36 , y 81
9 9 9
5
x (81) 45
9
5 5 14 162
x y y y 36 , y 36 , y
9 9 9 7
5 162 810 90
x
9 7 63 7
90 162
x 45 , y 81 , x , y
7 7
3
16.
5
64m


3

5
64m

x y
x 3


y 5
x y 64

164

x 3 3
x y (1)
y 5 , 5
x y 64 x y 64 (2)

3

x y
(2)
5
3 8 64 5
y y 64 , y 64 , y 40
5 5 8
3
x (40) 24
5
x 24 , y 40
17. Ax By 9 2 , 1 (3 , 3)
A B


Ax By 9 (2 , 1) ( 3 , 3)
A B
A B


Ax By 9 (2 , 1)
2A B 9
Ax By 9 (3 , 3)
3 A 3 B 9
2 A B 9


3 A 3B 9

165
 2 A B 9 2 A B 9
,
3 A 3 B 9 A B 3
3A 6 , A 2
2 B 3 , B 5
A 2, B 5
2 2 1
x y 2

18.

1 5 3
x y 4
1
1 1 2 X 2 Y
X , Y 2
x y X 5Y 3
4
1
2 X 2 Y
2
2 1 1
2 X 10Y 3 2 X , X
2 12 2 3
1
12Y 1 , Y
12
1 1 1 1
X , x 3 Y , y 12
x 3 y 12
(3 , 12)

19. A B



2008 2009 2010 2011

166
 A 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5
B 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1

A B ? ?

A

2.7 2.3 3.1 2.7 3.5 3.1
a 0.4
2009 2008 2010 2009 2011 2010
B

3.3 2.9 3.7 3.3 4.1 3.7
a 0.4
2009 2008 2010 2009 2011 2010
a a
A B

rrr2sss

167
 ABH : BH AB 2 AH 2 (1)
ACH : HC AC 2 AH 2

BC BH HC AB 2 AH 2 AC 2 AH 2
AB 2 AH 2 BC AC 2 AH 2
AB2 AH 2 BC 2 2 BC AC 2 AH 2 AC 2 AH 2
2 BC AC 2 AH 2 BC 2 AC 2 AB 2
2 2 BC 2 AC 2 AB 2
AC AH
2 BC
2 2 2 2
BC AC AB
AC 2 AH 2
2 BC
2 2
2 BC AC AB 2 20 16 12
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
AH AC 16
2 BC 2 20
2 2
2 400 256 144 64
AH 256 256 92.16
40 5
AH 92.16 9.6cm
. BH HC
(1) ()

AB 2 AH 2 12 2 9.6 7.2cm
2
BH
HC BC BH 20 7.2 12.8cm
BH 7.2cm , HC 12.8cm
10. O

Ox Oy

172

O PT

1.
T

. a . a b . b

. a , b . a , b , c . a , b
. OT TP ( PT )

OPT

a 90 50 40
. OT TP ( PT )

OPT
a 90 b 90 P , b 45 (TO TP )

 . OT TP ( PT )
a 35 90 ( )

b 90 40 50
. OT TP ( PT )
b 40 90 ( )

a 90 35 55
b 180 2a ( OT OS )

b 180 2(55) 70
. OT TP ( PT )

OPT

a 90 65 25
180 65
2b 65 180 , b 57.5
2
c 90 b 90 57.5 32.5
. OT TP ( PT )
b 90 POT

b 90 (180 130) 40
2a AOB 180
180 (180 130)
a 65
2

2.
PT PV
O T V

175
 () c 22
a b 90 22 68
() a c 90 ( PT , PV )
b 360 90 90 42 138
() b 90 25 65
a c ( OT OV )
a 90 b 90 65 25

a c 25 , b 65
()
a 90 21 69 b c ( OT OX )
180 XOT

b c XOT 180 , b
2
XOT a 180 , XOT 180 a 180 69 111

 180 111
b c 34.5 3430
2
O PA PB
3.
A B r
d cm

OB PB ( PB B )
2 2 2
r 17 15 289 225 64 , r 8cm
OA PA ( PA A )
2 2 2
PO 12 5 144 25 169 , PO 13
d PO r 13 5 8cm

4. PA PB
O

A B cm
. b
. c
.
OAPB

 . OAPB
. b
PA PB ( )
b PB 9cm
. c
OA OB ( )
c OA 2cm
. OAPB
OAPB
P OA AP PB BO 2 9 9 2 22cm
. OAPB
OAPB
S SOAP SOBP
1
2 SOAP 2 OA AP 2 9 18cm 2
2
5.
AB , BC
AC
D , E F

ABC cm

ABC

 1
S
AB AC
2
AB AD DB AF DB ( AD AF
)
AB 10 5 15cm

BC BE EC BD EC ( BE BD

)
BC 5 15 20cm

1
S 15 20 150cm 2
2
6. PA PB
O

3cm
AP 82.4cm
AOB 140

. APBO
22
. AOB
7

. APBO
1
S 2 SOAP 2 OA AP 3 82.4 247.2cm 2
2
. AOB

 140 7
SOAB

360 18
7 2 22 2
SOAB 3 11cm
18 7
O AT BT

7.
20cm TQO
TQ 10cm

r
TB BO (TB )
TO 2 TB 2 BO 2

10 r 20 r , 100 20r r 400 r

2 2 2 2 2

300
20r 300 , r 15cm
20
O

8.

4.5cm TA
TB
A B
TA 9cm
. OATB
. OATB
. OATB
POATB 2 POAT 2(4.5 9) 27cm

 . OATB
1
SOATB 2 SOAT 2 4.5 9 40.5cm 2
2

9.
A B

4cm
A CB CD


B DA DC
B D
A C
ABCD
ABCD
A)
AB AD (
B)
BA BC (
AB BC ( BC B )
CD AD ( CD D )
ABCD
2 2 2
S ABCD AB 4 16cm
10. TA TB
O
5cm
ATB 60
. AOB

 22
. AOB
7

. AOB
OAT OBT 90 ( AT , BT )
AOB 360 90 90 60 120
. AOB
120 1
S AOB

360 3

S AOB
3

1 2 1 22
r 52 26.19cm 2
3 7
O 8cm
11.
10cm AB
T AB
( OA OB )

AB TO
T
AB

OAT

AT 2 AO 2 TO 2 102 82 36 , AT 6
AB 2 AT 2 6 12cm
O
12. MA , MB MC
O MA MC

 MA MB (
(O ) )
MB MC (
(O ) )
MA MC

H
13. EF EG
JEF 22

. EGH
. HGF
. FGE

. EGH
EG GH ( EG )
EGH 90
. HGF
HGF HEG ( )
HGF 22
. FGE
FGE 90 HGF 90 22 68
rrr2sss



O AC AB
1.
ABC 65 ACB ABO ( )
ACB ABO
ABC (
AB AC )
ACB ABC 65
ABD 90 ( )

ADB ACB (

AB )
BAD 180 90 65 25
ABO BAD ( OAB
OA OB )
ABO 25
2.
ACD , BAE BDC
ACD ABD (

AD )
ACD 45
AEB BEC 180 ( )

AEB 180 BEC 180 130 50

BAE AEB EBA 180 (
)

 BAE 180 50 45 85
)
BC
BDC BAC (
BDC 85
O AB

3.
CD
BCD , ADC ABC
BCD BAD 38 (
)
BD
ADC BAD 38 (
)

ABC ADC 38 ( AC )
4.
x y
x y (

)
1
34 2 60 2 x
2
( )
2 x 120 68 52 , x 26
x y 26
O AC
5.
BD I
CAB 40 , AIB 60


. ACD . CAD
. ACD

ACD ABD ( AD )
ABD 180 60 40 80 (
)
ACD 80
. CAD
)
CD
CAD CBD (
CBD ABC ABI
ABC B
ABC 180 40 40 100
ABI 180 40 60 80
CAD ABC ABI 100 80 20

6. A , B , C
O

AOC 120
ABC
1
ABC AC (
2

AC )

AC 360 120 240
240
ABC 120
2

7.
O
AD BC
ACB 45 , ACD 25

. ADC . OAB
. ADC

ADC 180 ACD CAD

CAD ACB 45 (
)
ADC 180 25 45 110
. OAB
OAB O ( OA OB )
180 AOB
OAB
2
AOB 2 ACB (
)
180 2 45
OAB 45
2
A , B , C D
8.
O AB CD P
CBD 35 , CAP 70
DBP 75
. ACD
. APC . DAB
. ACD

 ABC CBD DBP 180 ( )
ABC 180 35 75 70
ABD ABC CBD 70 35 105
ACD ABD 180
ACD 180 105 75
. APC
CAP APC ACP 180 (
)
APC 180 70 75 35
. DAB
CBP BPC BCP 180 (
)
BCP 180 35 (35 75) 35
)
DB
DAB DCB (
DAB 35
O

9.

AC
BA CD
T AT AC
ATD 20

. ADB . BOC . BDC
. ADB
ABC 90 ( )

 BCT 90 BTC 90 20 70
ACB TCB TCA 70 20 50 (
TCA CTA )
)
ADB ACB 50 ( DB
. BOC
)
BOC OCB CBO 180 (
BOC 180 2OCB ( OAB O )
BOC 180 2 50 80
. BDC
1 1 )
BDC BC 80 40 ( BC
2 2
O

10. QS
PR M

PR POQ 134

. PRQ . RPQ
. RSQ
. PRQ
1 1 134
PRQ PQ POQ 67 (

2 2 2
PQ )
. RPQ
M PR QM PR

 QM PQR
PQR

RPQ PRQ 67
. RSQ
)
RQ
RSQ RPQ (
RSQ 67
O
11.
PQ R RS
ROQ 48

. OQR
. RST . TRQ
. OQR
PQ R QR RO
OQR 90 ROQ 90 48 42
. RST
1 1 )
RST RT
RT ROT (
2 2
1
RST 48 24
2
. TRQ
TRQ RST ( )
TRQ 24

 O
12.
ABC
BC C
AE D
x , y z
x , y z
)
BAE ABE AEB 180 (
110 40 z 180
z 180 110 40 30
)
y A 110 (
)
x B 40 (
AB BC
13. ABCD
ACE 25 CD
E ADE 80

. ABC . BAD
. ABC
)
ABC ADC 180 (
ADE ADC 180 ( )
ABC ADE 80
. BAD
ADC 180 ADE 180 80 100 ( )

 CAD 180 ACD ADC
( )
180 25 100 55
ABC BAC BCA 180
ABC 2BAC 180
180 ABC 180 80
BAC 50
2 2
BAD BAC CAD 50 55 105
14. TKXM SNXL
JKL
TKJ 56
NJK 40
. MLN . LMN .
KLN
. MLN
)
KN
MKN KJN (
MKN MLN ( )
MN

MLN KJN 40
. LMN
LKM TKJ 56 ( )
)
LM
LNM LKM (
LNM 56
LMN 180 MLN LNM
180 40 56 84

 . KLN
LNK KJN 40 ( )
KN
)
KJ
KNJ TKJ 56 (

LNJ LNK KNJ 40 56 96

NLJ 180 LNJ NJL 180 96 40 44
KLN 44
rrr2sss

193

1. AB AB 6cm 5
AB 6cm A
[ Ax ) M , N , P , Q R
AM MN NP PQ QR [ RB]
M , N , P Q
[ RB] [ AB ]
M , N , P Q
M , N , P
x
Q [ AB ] 5
AM M N N P PQ QB
2. AB AB 11cm
3 4 5
AB 11cm A
[ Ax ) [ Ax )
C , D E
AC 3 , CD 4 DE 5
E B C D
[ EB] [ AB ] F G
AF FG GB

AC CD DE
AF FG GB
F G [ AB ]

3 4 5

 3 4 5
3. AB
AB 12cm
3 5 7
AB 12cm
A [ Ax)
[ Ax) C , D E AC 3 , CD 5
DE 7 E B C
D [ EB] [ AB ] F
AF FG GB
G
AC CD DE
AF FG GB
F G [ AB ]

3 5 7
3 5 7
4. AB 7cm C
AB
3

5
AB 7cm A
[ Ax ) [ Ax )
D E AD 3 DE 5
E B D [ EB]
[ AB ] C

6. ( AB) // (CD) // ( EF ) // (GH )

. DF FH

AC 6cm , CE 12cm , EG 4cm

BD 9cm
. BD , DF FH
AC 6cm , CE 12cm , EG 4cm HB 33cm
. DF CG
AC 6cm , CE 12cm , DB 8cm FH 6cm
( AB) // (CD) // ( EF ) // (GH )
. DF FH
AC CE EG

BD DF FH
AC CE BD CE 9 12
DF 18cm
BD DF AC 6
CE EG DF EG 18 4
FH 6cm
DF FH CE 12
. BD , DF FH
AG AC CE EG 6 12 4 22cm

AC CE EG AG


BD DF FH BH
AC AG AC BH 6 33

BD 9cm
BD BH AG 22
CE AG CE BH 12 33
DF 18cm
DF BH AG 22

 EG AG EG BH 4 33
FH 6cm
FH BH AG 22
. DF CG

AC CE BD CE 8 12
DF 16cm
BD DF AC 6
AC CG AC DH 6 16 6
CG 16.5cm
BD DH BD 8
7. ( AB ) // ( MN ) x

( AB) // ( MN )

AM MB 9 16 8 16
(a) x 14.22
AN NC 8 x 9
AM MB 8 3 84
(b) x 10.66
AN NC x 4 3

 MC AC 6 x 6 12
(c) x 9
NC BC 12 4 12 8
8. ( BE ) // (CD)
ED CD
cm

ACD
( BE ) // (CD)

AB BC AE BC 4 2

ED 1
AE ED AB 8
AB BE AC BE (8 2) 12 120
CD 15
AC CD AB 8 8
9. a b
cm


a 2 6 2
a 3cm
6 4 4
6 b 68
b 4.8cm
64 8 10
10. 13 2.40m
3.40m
. ABC B

1
AB BC
20


. AB


BC




1
AB BC
.

20

1cm 20cm
.
1

20
1m


20m


ABC

2.40 3.40
AB 0.12m BC 0.17m
20 20
. 13 AB 13








BC 13
AB
.
B [ Bx ) 13
M
[ MA] [ Bx )

 [ MA] AB
13
BC
AB

BC 13
11. OX OY OX I
J OI 2cm IJ 3cm OY I , J
OI 3cm I J 4.5cm ( II ) ( JJ )
?

OJJ
OI 2

IJ 3
OI 3 6 2

I J 4.5 9 3
OI OI

IJ I J
( II ) // ( JJ )
12.






1.65m

10m
6.50m

.
. ?

 .

DE BC

A
DE BC
.
AB BC

AD DE
10 6.5 1.65 1.65 10
, DE 4.71m
10 DE 3.5
13. ABCD E
E BC AB
F E CD AD G
.
AGE ADC

AFE ABC
. FG // BD
.
AGE
ADC ( EG ) || ( DC )

AG AE GE

AD AC DC

AFE ABC ( FE ) || ( BC )


AF AE FE

AB AC BC
. FG // BD
AG AE AF AE

()
AD AC AB AC
AG AF
FG // BD
AD AB
rrr2sss

203

1.

NMP ABC EFG TSR
NM AB EF TS
NP AC EG TR
PM CB FG SR
2. ? ?

()
C 90 51 39 E , B E

 ()
H 180 80 70 30 S
()
L 180 82 34 64 N
3. ABC ABC , PMN PM N
()

( A ) .
A A , C C
AB AC BC

AB AC BC
( B ) .
M M , P P
MN MP NP

M N M P N P

4.
? ?

 ( A ) ..
6 7 8

12 14 16
( B ) ..
10 16

20 32
( C ) ..
27 30

36 40
5. ABC GEF

AB BC CA

GE EF FG

AB AC BC

EG EF GF

6.

ABC NMP
BA 348 20
B M 58
MN 156.6 9
BC 400 20 BA MN

MP 180 9 BC MP
C 45 , N 77

7. ABCD AD BC
F FD : FA 8 : 5 FB 2.25m
BC
AB DC
FAB FDC (.) F
FAB FDC (

)
FD FC 8 2.25 BC
, , BC 1.35m
FA FB 5 2.25
8. 35dm
56dm

10dm

 a , b , c x , y , z
h , h


a b c a b c 65 13
x y z x y z 35 7


h a b c
h x y z
h 13 13h 13 10
,h 18.57 dm
h 7 7 7
9.
ABC BAC 90
RS BC
ABC SRC

ABC
RSC
C
BAC RSC 90
ABC SRC ( .)
10. C D MN

a

b
a 3 a 1
. MN 11dm , . MN 6dm ,
b 5 b 3

 . MN 11dm N [ Nx)
[ Nx) E , F G NE 2 , EF 3
FG 3
G M
F
GM MN
C
CM CN

GF NF
CM 3
C
CN 5
3
MN
5
E M F
EM MN D
DM DN CM 3
D MN
EF FN CN 5
3

5
.

()

11. ABC
AB , AC , BC BAC BC
I BC J
. ABI AJC

 . AI AJ
. BAJ CBJ
. JB 2 JA JI
. ABI
AJC
BAI JAC ( AJ
BAC )
ABC AJC (
AC )
ABI AJC ( .)
AB AI


AJ AC
. AI AJ
AI AJ AB AC

. BAJ CBJ
)
CJ
CBJ CAJ (
BAJ CAJ ( AJ BAC )
BAJ CBJ
. JB 2 JA JI
IBJ BAJ ()
AJB BJI (
)
ABJ BIJ ( .)
JB JA

, JB 2 JA JI
JI JB

 A
12.
B


C
AC D AC
CD D DE //
AB DE
AB
CA 1.8km , CD 90m DE 150m
AB
AB DE ABC DEC (.)
C
ABC DEC ( )

AB CA DE CA 150 1.8
, AB 3km
DE CD CD 90

13. ABC
A AB AC M N
. ABC AMN
. AB AM AC AN
. ACB XAB (

AB )
XAB AMN (
)
ACB AMN

 A

ABC ANM ( .)
AB AC


AN AM
AB AC
. )
(
AN AM
AB AM AC AN
14. AB
CD
. AD 4dm , DB 9dm CD
. AB 29dm , CD 10dm
AD DB

ABC

2
. CD AD DB 4 9 36 , CD 6dm
2 2
. CD AD DB AD ( AB AD) AD AB AD
10 2 29 AD AD 2 AD 2 29 AD 100 0
292 4 100 441 212
29 21 29 21
AD 4 , AD 25
2 2
AD 4dm DB 25dm
AD 25dm DB 4dm
AD 4dm , DB 25dm
AD 25dm , DB 4dm

15.


aha bhb chc (
)
AHC
BIC
C

AHC BIC 90
AHC BIC (
.)
AH AC h b

a , aha bhb
BI BC hb a
aha bhb chc

16. A ABC
BC D
E ADB AEB
AB 2 AD AE
AEB ACB (
AB )
ABC ACB ( )
AEB ABC
BAD (
)
ABD AEK ( .)
AB AD



AE AB

 AB 2 AD AE

17. 10m
P 3m
P
ABP
10 x 2 x 2 32 ( )
100 20 x x 2 x 2 9
91
20 x 91 , x 4.55
20

P
4.55m

18. AB

AE 3dm


BA
EA 9dm EB
BEA
BE 2 EA2 BA2 BA2 BE EA
2

BE 2 92 BE 3 BE 2 6 BE 9
2

72
6 BE 81 9 72 , BE 12dm
6

19. b c
h h
b c

1 1 1 b2 c 2 1

b2 c2 h 2
b2c 2 h2
2 b2c2
h
b2 c2

b2c2 bc bc b 2 c 2
h 2 2
2 2

b c b2 c 2 b c
20. ABCD I
AD ( IB ) ( AD )
. IB
.

. ABI
2
12
IB 2 AB 2 AI 2 102
2
IB 2 100 36 64 IB 64 8cm
.
1 1
S AD IB 12 8 48cm 2
2 2

21.
NMQ PNQ

. MQ
. NP
. QMN

MQ 2 NQ 2 MN 2 52 32 16 , MQ 4cm
. NP
QMN QNP
QMN QNP 90 MQN NQP
QMN QNP ( .)
NP NQ


MN MQ
MN NQ 3 5
NP 3.75cm
MQ 4
CD AB I
22.

AI 15cm , IC 12cm , ID 4cm

IB 5cm , BD 3cm
. IAC IBD
. AC
. IAC IBD
BID CIA ( )

 IB 5 1 ID 4 1 IB ID

IA 15 3 IC 12 3 IA IC
IAC IBD ( ..)
IB BD


IA AC
.

()
IA BD 15 3
AC 9cm
IB 5
23.
P A

C D
. PAC PAD
. AP 2 PC PD
. PAC
PAD
APC APD (
)
PAC PDA (

AC )
PAC PDA ( .)
PA PC


PD PA
PA PC
. )
(
PD PA
AP 2 PC PD

24.

?

AHS AH S

AHS AH S 90

AH 4 SH 10 AH SH
2, 2 2
AH 2 S H 5 AH S H
AHS AH S ( ..)

25.

.

3 3
v h r

V H R
v V
.
v 6.28cm 2 h 2cm , H 4cm V

1 2
r h
v 3 r2h

. 2
V 1
R2 H R H
3

 r h

R H
3 3
v r2r h2 h v h r
2 2
V R R H H V H R
. V
3 3
v h 6.28 2 1
,
V H V 4 8
V 8 6.28 50.24cm3
rrr2sss

219

1.

7 8 9 10 12


7 S 7 2 180 900
8 S 8 2 180 1080
9 S 9 2 180 1260
10 S 10 2 180 1440
12 S 12 2 180 1800
2.



1800 , 2700 4860


1800 n 2 180 1800

1800
n 2 10 , n 12
180
2700 n 2 180 2700
2700
n 2 15 , n 17
180
4860 n 2 180 4860

4860
n 2 27 , n 29
180
3.

5130 ?

220


n 2 180 5130
5130
n2 28.5 , n 30.5 n
180





5130
4.



540
?


n 2 180 540
540
n2 3 , n5
180
5. x

x 3 x x 180 360
180
5 x 180 , x 36
5

x 2 x 2 x 50 100 (5 2)180

 390
5 x 150 540 , 5 x 390 , x 78
5

x 2 x 2 x x 2 x 160 (6 2)180
560
8 x 160 720 , 8 x 560 , x 70
8
6. y

2 y y 2 y y 360
360
6 y 360 , y 60
6
y y y 70 80 360
210
3 y 210 , y 70
3

2 y 2 y 3 y 2 y 2 y 3 y 2 y 360
360
16 y 360 , y 22.5 2230
16
7.



150 , 160 175
n

150 150 n n 2 180

 360
150n 180n 360 , 30n 360 , n 12
30
160 160 n n 2 180
360
160n 180n 360 , 20n 360 , n 18
20
175 175 n n 2 180

360
175n 180n 360 , 5n 360 , n 72
5
8.


3240


3240
n 2 180 3240 , n 2 18 , n 20
180
360


18
20
9.


900 ?



900
n 2 180 360 900
n 2 180 900 360 540
540
n 2 3 , n5
180
10.
n

168
n

223



168
n 2 180 n 168
180n 360 168n , 12n 360 , n 30
11.
. n 6
360

60
6
. n 5
360
72
5
. n 8
360

45
8
. 12
12

360
30
12
12.

900
?


900
n 2 180 360 900
n 2 180 900 360 540

224
 540
n 2 3 , n5
180
13.



12

6


6




6

12

x 360 (90 90 120) 60 (


120 )

(
)
12
14. 27
n
n

 27
n
360 360
27
8 n
360 216 360 8 360
, n 5
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238
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