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As of May 2013, there have been 98 amendments to the Constitution of India since it was
first enacted in 1950.[1][2] There are two types of amendments to the constitution which are
governed by article 368. The first type includes amendments that can be effected by
Parliament by a prescribed ‘special majority’; and the second type of amendments includes
those that require, in addition to such "special majority", ratification by at least one half of the
State Legislatures. The second type amendments made to the constitution are amendments #
3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51,
54, 61, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 79, 84 and 88.[3]
Enforced
No. Amendments Objectives
since
1 Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 18 June To fully secure the constitutional validity of
174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 1951 zamindari abolition laws and to place
376. reasonable restriction on freedom of speech.
Insert articles 31A and 31B. A new constitutional device, called Schedule
Enforced
No. Amendments Objectives
since
9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary
to the Constitutionally guaranteed
Insert schedule 9.[4] fundamental rights. These laws encroach
upon property rights, freedom of speech and
equality before law
Removed the upper population limit for a
1 May
2 Amend article 81(1)(b).[5] parliamentary constituency by amending
1953
Article 81(1)(b).
Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent List
in the Seventh Schedule with relation to
include trade and commerce in, and the
production, supply and distribution of 4
22
classes of essential commodities, viz.,
3 Amend schedule 7.[6] February
foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and
1955
oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and
other concentrates; raw cotton whether
ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds; and
raw jute.
Amend articles 31, 35 band Restrictions on property rights and inclusion
27 April
4 305. of related bills in Schedule 9 of the
1955
Amend schedule 9.[7] constitution
Empowered the President to prescribe a time
limit for a State Legislature to convey its
views on proposed Central laws relating to
the formation of new States and alteration of
24
areas, boundaries or names of existing
5 Amend article 3.[8] December
States. Also permitted the President to
1955
extend the prescribed limit, and prohibited
any such bill from being introduced in
Parliament until after the expiry of the
prescribed or extended period.
11
Amend articles 269 and 286. Amend the Union and State Lists with
6 September
Amend schedule 7.[9] respect to raising of taxes
1956
Amend articles 1, 3, 49, 80, 81,
82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170,
171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224,
230, 231 and 232.
1 Reorganization of states on linguistic lines,
Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298,
7 November abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and
350A, 350B, 371, 372A and
1956 introduction of Union Territories
378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.
[10]
References
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Categories:
Amendments of the Constitution of India
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