Professional Documents
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Communications
The words and phrases below are used to indicate differences, or contrasts.
but more (than) whereas
while less (than) on the other hand
different from rather than dissimilar to
in contrast unlike although
however conversely
One way to take notes that compare and contrast two or more items is to note each item
separately, and then note the similarities and differences. Look at the example below.
Formal communication
no slang
complete sentences
polite forms
Informal communication
some slang
incomplete sentences
fewer polite forms
Another way is to note each point of comparison and contrast separately. Look at the
example below.
Formal Informal
Vocabulary no slang some slang
Sentences complete incomplete
Forms polite fewer polite
Work with a partner. Student A, compare and contrast people you know well (for example,
two family members). Explain the similarities and differences. Student B, take notes.
Compare the notes with the explanation. Then change roles.
When you listen to a lecture, try to include some comparisons and contrasts in your notes.
Projects
1. In small groups, review your lecture notes. List the speaker's conclusions. Then discuss the
questions below.
a. In your opinion, which of the speaker's conclusions are generally true? Why?
b. In your opinion, which of the speaker's conclusions are stereotypes? Why?
c. What other factors might influence gender differences in communication?
2. Work with a partner. Compare and contrast how men and women communicate in your
culture. Make a chart showing the similarities and differences. Compare your charts as a class.
3. Record a three- to five-minute English conversation from a television show or video. Then
transcribe it. Bring your transcription to class and read it aloud. Have your classmates guess
whether the speakers are men or women. Ask them what factors influenced their decision.
UNIT 8 QUIZ
A. Listen to each question. Circle the letter of the correct answer.