PG PREPARATION

Wednesday, November 24, 2010

mnemonics in pharmacology
Pharmacy mnemonics

Amiodarone: action, side effects [ID 1146]

6 P's:

Prolongs action potential duration

Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy

Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis

Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

Hepatic necrosis: drugs causing focal to massive necrosis

"Very Angry Hepatocytes":

Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Halothane

Antiarrhythmics: class III members 

BIAS:
Bretylium
Ibutilide
Amiodarone
Sotalol

Antiarrhythmics: classification I to IV 

MBA College
In order of class I to IV:
Membrane stabilizers (class I)
Beta blockers
Action potential widening agents
Calcium channel blockers

Captopril (an ACE inhibitor): side effects

CAPTOPRIL:
Cough
Angioedema/ Agranulocystosis
Proteinuria/ Potassium excess
Taste changes
Orthostatic hypotension

Pregnancy contraindication/ Pancreatitis/ Pressure drop (first dose hypertension)

Renal failure (and renal artery stenosis contraindication)/ Rash
Indomethacin inhibition
Leukopenia/ Liver toxicity

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): side effects, contraindications, interactions

HMG-CoA:

            Side effects:

Hepatotoxicity

Myositis [aka rhabdomyolysis]

             Contraindications:
Girl during pregnancy/ Growing children

       Interactions:

Coumarin/ Cyclosporine

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TETRACYCLINS

KAPIL DEV
K-KIDNEY DAMAGE
A-ANTIANABOLIC EFFECT
P-PHOTOTOXICITY
I-INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
L-LIVER DAMAGE
D-DIABETES INSIPIDUS
E-Ttext EEtext TH AND BONES
V-VESTIBULAR TOXICITY

Adverse effects of interferons

MY FAITH is NEUROTOXIC
MY-MYelosuppression
F-Flu like symptoms
A-Alopecia
I-Interstitial nephritis
T-Thyroiditis
H-Hepatotoxicity
is
NEUROTOXIC

Adv. Ef. Of phenytoin

H- Hirsutism and Hypertrophy of gums 

O- Osteomalacia 
T- Teratogenicity
M- Megaloblatic anemia
A- Ataxia
L- Lymphadenopathy
I- Inhibits insulin release
K- Vitamin K deficiency
A- Arrhythmia

Uses of adrenaline LED.BACHI

Local anaesthetic
Epistaxis
Dental extraction
Bronchospasm
Anaphylactic shock
Cardiac arrest
Hemostatic agent
Insulin inhibition

Adverse effects of Chloramphenicol-

BIG Super Hypersensitivity
B- Bone marrow depression
I- Irritative effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain on injection
G- Gray baby syndrome
Super- super infections
Hypersensitivity reactions like rashes, fever, angioedema

GLUCOCORTICOIDS adverse effects

G glaucoma
L lunacy(psychotic episodes)
U peptic Ulceration

C cushings habitus
O osteoporosis
C cataracts(post. subcapsular in children)
O opportunistic infections
R Retention of Na,H2O (mineralocort.) 
T telangectasia
I insulin resistance-> hyperglycaemia
C causes muscle weakness on withdrawal
O grOwth reatrdation 
I by GH inhibition 
D delayed wound healing
S supresses HPA axis

Agonists of dopamine
LAB
Levodopa
Anti cholinergics
Bromocriptine

Anti pseudomonal antibiotics

CPM(T) TAG
Carbencillin
Piperacillin
Mezlocillin
Ticracillin
T: tobramycin
A: amikacin
G: gentamycin

Anti hypertensives used in HTNemergencies

Saurav Ganguly HELP
S-sodium nitroprusside
G-Glyceryltrinitrate

H-hydralazine
E-esmolol
L-labetalol
P-phentolamine

Antibiotics
SAFETY
S - SULPHONAMIDES
A - AMINOGLYCOSIDES
F - FQs
E - ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATE
T - TETRACYCLIN
Y - clindamYcin

Antibiotics acting on cellwall

Baichung-bacitracin 
Vutia -vancomycin
Can't -cycloserine
Play -penicillin
Cricket –cephalosporine

Antifungals DOC for

Amphotericin B – MASS(mucormycosis,actinomycosis,sporotrichosis)
Itraconazole – PCB(paracoccidiomycosis,chromoblastomycosis,Blastomycosis)
Ampho+5FU – CC(candidiasis{disseminated},cryptococosis)

Antihelimenthics for tapeworm 

DIFFICULT - DISCHLORPHEN
QUESTION - QUINACRINE
NOT - NICLOSAMIDE
ANSWERED – ASPIDIUM

second line anti tubercular drugs:

Please TAKE Carbon Copy
P-Paraaminosalicylic acid
T-Thiacetazone
A-Amikacin

K-Kanamycin
E-Ethinamide
C-Cycloserine
C-Capreomycine
¤Newer drugs.
(CAR Of Century)
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
Rifabutin 
Ofloxacin
Clarithromycin.

Bactericidal drugs
I M Bactericidal Because A Very Quiet Person is Rarely Protected

Isoniazid
Metronidazole
Beta lactams
Bacitracin
Aminogycosides
Vancomycin
Quinolones
Pyrazinamide
Rifampin
Polymyxin

Bacteriostatic drugs
Static Causes Non Total Or Non Complete Though Massive Elimination

Sulfonamides
Chloramphenicol
Nitrofurantoin
Tetracyclin
Oxazolidinon
Novobiocin
Clindamycin
Trimethoprim
Macrolide
Ethambutol

Busalfan features abcdef

Alkylating agent 
Bone marrow suppression s/e 
CML indication 
Dark skin (hyperpigmentation) s/e 
Endrocrine insufficiency (adrenal) s/e 
Fibrosis (pulmonary) s/e 

Beta blockers c/I in renal failure ANS

Atenelol

Nodalol
Sotalol

1.SELECTIVE BETA1 BLOCKERS:

---Beta : Betoxolol
---Blockers : Bisoprolol
---Acting : Acebutolol
---Exclusively : Esmolol
---At : Atenolol
---Myo : Metoprolol
---Cardium : Celiprolol

2.Containing Partial AgOnistic Actvity:

---Containing : Celiprolol
---Partial : Pindolol
---AgOnistic : Alprenonlol, Oxprenolol
---Activity : Acebutolol

3.Possessing Local Anaesthetic Property (or) Membrane-stabilizin Property:

---Possessing : Pindolol
---Local : Labetolol
---Anaesthetic : Acebutolol
(or)
---Membrane-stabilizing : Metoprolol
---Property : Propranolol

4.Lipid insoluble
---Not : Nadolol
---Soluble : Sotalol
---A2 : Acebutolol, Atenolol
---B2 : Betoxolol, Bisoprolol
---C : Celiprolol

Beta Adrenergic Receptor Distribution

One heart, two lungs

heart is primarily beta-1; airway is beta-2

Centrally acting antihypertensives

M - Methyld dopa
R - Reserpine
C - Clonidine
P - Propranolol

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

His DOMS
Histamine
Dopamine
Opiod
Muscaranic agents
Serotonin

uses of CHLOROQUINE
"RED LIP"
R-Rheumatoid Arthritis
E-Extraintestinal Amoebiasis
D-Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
L-Lepra Reaction
I-Infectious Mononucleosis
P-Plasmodium

Drugs causing erectile dysfunction

STOP erection
S-SSRI (FLUOXETINE)
T-THIORIDAZONE
O-methldOpa
P-PROPRANALOL

Drugs causing porphyria

STOP RBC
S- SULFONAMIDE
T-THIOPENTONE
O-OC PILLS
P-PHENYLBUTAZONE
R-RIFAMPICIN
B-BARBI
C-CHLORMPHNICOL

drug causing pulmonary oedema: 

-Contrast media
-Heroin
-Hydrochlorthiazide
-Interlukin1
-Methadone
-Propoxyfen

drugs c/I in G6PD

SNIP
S - SULFONAMIDES, DAPSONE
N - NITROFURANTOIN, NALIDIXIC ACID
I - ISONIAZID
P - PRIMAQUINE ( also quinine , chloroquine )

Drugs causing  acute interimittent porphyria

BOGES CPR
B-BARBITURATES
O-OC PILLS
G- GRISEOFULVIN
E-ESTROGEN
S-SULFONAMIDES
C-CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
C-CHLORPROPAMIDE
P-PHENYTOIN
R- RIFAMPICIN

Drugs causing acute interstitial nephritis

SMART CAN 
S= SULFONAMIDES
M=METHICILLIN
A=AMPICILLIN
R=RIFAMPICIN
T=THIAZIDES
C=CIMETIDINE
A=ALLOPURINOL
N=NSAIDS

Drugs causing gout

CANDLE CAP
C=Chlorthalidone
A=Aspirin
N=Nicotinic acid
D=Diuretics
L=Levo-Dopa
E=Ethambutol

C=Cyclosporine
A=Alcohol
P=Pyrazinamide

Drugs causing gynaecomastia

PM Gets Kontrast Enhanced CTSCAN
P- phenytoin
M- methyldopa
G- griseofulvin
K- ketakonazole
E- estrogen
C- cimetidine
T- testosteron
S- spironolacton
C- clomiphene
A- alcohol
N- nifedipine ( calcium channel blokers)

Drugs causing hirsutism

PCOD MA
Phenytoin
Cyclosporine
Ocp s
Dizioxide
Minoxdil
Androgens

Drugs causing hypokalemia

 Hypokalemic presents with BAD FITness
B-beta2 agonists
A-Amphotericin B
D-Digoxin
F-Furesemide,Foscarnet
I-Insulin
T-Thiazide

Drugs causing lichen planus like lesions

PePe TAG
P - penicillamine
P - phenothiazines
T - thiazides
A - Anti malarials
G - Gold

Drugs causing SLE like lesion

Plz Check BOM In SHIP
P - Procainamide
C - chlorpropamide
B - barbiturates
O - ocp
M - methly dopa
I - interferon alpha
S - sulphonamide
H - hydralazine
I - isoniazid
P - phenytoin

Drugs causing pancreatitis

PADS
pentamidine
azathioprim/ L- asparaginase
didanosine
sulfa drugs

Drugs causing pseudotumour cerebri

A Batsmen Can Set Great Milestones
A-Allopurinol

B-Busulfan
C-Chlopromazine
Steroid
Gold
Miotic

Drugs causing Pulmonary fibrosis

BBC MAN
 B-BLEOMYCIN B-BUSULPHAN C-CYCLOPHOSAMIDE
M-METHOTREXATE A-AMIODARONE N-NITROFURANTOIN

Drugs causing S-J syndrome

LOANS
L - LAMOTRIGINE
O - OXICAMS
A - ARROWMATIC ANTICONVULSCANT
N - NSAID'S
S – SULFONAMIDE

Drugs for alzhemiers disease

DR.GangaTejwani
d=donepezil
r=rivastigmine
g=galantamine
t=tacrine

Zero order kinetics drugs

THAW PACKS
Theophylline, Tolbutamide 
Hydantoin
Alcohol
Warfarin 
Propaphenone, Phenacetin, Phenytoin
Aspirin
Caffeine
Ketoconazole
Salicylates (Other)
Drugs metabolized by peudoAche
SMiLE
S--Succinyl choline
Mi--Mivacurium
L--Local anaesthetics(ester group)
E—Esmolol

Examples of prodrug produces active metabolites

LEADS
Levodopa dopamine 
Enalapril enalaprilat
Alphamethyldopa alphamethylnorepinephrine.
Dipivefrine epinephrine
Sulindac sulfide metabolites

HEPARIN
H=HYPERSENSITIVITY & hyperkalemia
E=excessive beeding
P=PROLONG APTT
A=ALOPECIA
R=REDUCED PLATELET & BONE MASS
i.e.thrombocytopenia osteoporosis
I=i.v. route
N=aNtagonise by protamine sulphate

Isoretinoin is a CHOTA drug

C=cleft palate and facial defects
H=Hydrocephalus
O=outflow tract obstruction in heart
T=Thymic hypoplasia
A=ANOTIA ,stenosis of auditory tube

Lithium adverse effects

LITH
Leukocytosis
Insipidus
Teratogenic
Hypothyroidism

Liver enzyme inducers

PC BRAS
P phenytoin
C carbamazepine
B barbiturates
R rifampicin
A alcohol chronic use
S sulfapyrazine

Metronidazole
SPECTRUM OF ACTION
A-Amoebiasis
B-Bacteroides fragilis
C-Clostridium perfringens
D-Dracunculus medinensis
E-Pseudomembranus Enterocolitis
F-Fusobacterium
G-Giardiasis
H-Helicobacter Pylori
S-Anaerobic Streptococci
T-Trichomonas

Morphine: side-effects

MORPHINE:
Myosis
Out of it (sedation)
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia (aspiration)
Hypotension
Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
Nausea
Emesis 

Watching DESI Queen sites will cause optic neuritis

D: digoxin
E:ethambutol
S:streptomycin
I:INH
Queen: quinidine

OP POISOINING
DUMBLES
D=diaphoresis
U=urination
M=meiosis
B=bowl motility(incresed)
L=Lacrimation
E=emesis
S=salivation

p—450 inducers
Boarder Gavaskar Cup PQR
Barbiturates
Griseofulvin
Carbamezapine
Phenytoin
Qunidine
Rifampicin

P – 450 inhibitors
Erase SICK Grapes
Erythromycin
Sulfonamide
INH
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Grape juice

PHENYTOIN TOXICITY
5Hundred FOR NO  Loss
Hyperplasia of gums
Hyperglycemia
Hirsutism
Hypersensitivity
Hydontoin Syndrome

F-Folate deficiency 
O-Osteomalacia
R-Rash
Note-Nystagmus
L-Lymphadenopathy

Ritalin side effects

R rebound hyperactivity
I increase blood pressure
T tics
A appetite reduce
L lack of growth
I irritability
N nervousness

Sclerosing agents
P- polidocanal
A- absolute alcohol/ether
N- N-butyl cyanoacrylate
E- ethanolamine maleate/oleate
S- sodium tetradecyl sulphate

Side effects of ASPIRIN

ASPIRIN 
A: Allergy like reactions e.g. Urticaria
S: susceptibility to bleeding
P: Peptic ulcer

I: Idiosyncratic reactions
R: Reye's syndrome
I: rInging in the ears(tinnitus)
N: Nephropathy

Side effects of Methyl dopa

METHYL DOPA

M - mental retardation
E - electrolyte imbalance
T - tolerance
H - headache , hepatotoxicity
Y - psYchological upset
L - Lactation in females
D - dry mouth
O - oedema
P - parkinsonism
A - anemia ( hemolytic)

Side effects of spironolactone

I May Have Got Additional Potassium.

I=Impotence
M=Menstrual irregularities
H=Hirsuitism
G=Gynaecomastia
A=Acidosis
P=Peptic ulcer(aggravates)

And last but not the least is the pnemonic itself states the main side-effect=Hyperkalemia
Dr.Rana prathap at 10:10 AM

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1 comment:

101 April 3, 2016 at 5:50 PM

amazing! thanks
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